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Ethics > Utilitarianism > Flashcards

Utilitarianism Flashcards

1
Q

What is utilitarianism?

A

A way of decision making that creates the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people

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2
Q

Who would you save if you were a Util?
10 orphans
1 famous person

A

1 famous person, because it would bring greater happiness to more people.

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3
Q

What is consequentialism?

A

Assessing the consequences to see if an act is ‘good’ (assessing pleasure/pain)

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4
Q

What is the greatest Happiness Principle?

A

Good actions maximise greatest happiness for greatest number

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5
Q

What is hedonic calculus?

A

Calculation of pleasure by hedons, Basically calculation what pleasure/pains an action would cause and therefore finding whether to pursue the action

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6
Q

(Bentham) What is the only intrinsic good?

A

Pleasure

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7
Q

How did Bentham believe pleasure could be measured?

A

empirically

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8
Q

Define Rule utilitarianism

A

Utility maximised by following rules

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9
Q

What was Mills utilitarian view based on

A

Welfare for the highest number of ppl

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10
Q

What does Qualitative pleasure mean?

A
  • Higher pleasures= intellectual

- Lower pleasures= Bodily (sex etc.)

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11
Q

What is ‘weak rule util’?

A

Rules can develop and be broken

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12
Q

What is ‘Multilevel’?

A

generally follow rule utilitarianism and when a dilemma arises use act utilitarianism

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13
Q

What is a universal view?

A

When everyone’s interests are assessed equally (no special cases for children)

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14
Q

What does Singer argue for?

A

Preference Util (same as Hare)

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15
Q

What did Singer believe about income and wealth

A

we should re-locate income and wealth so that we are all equal

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16
Q

What does Singer believe about Abortion?

A

He believed it should be allowed and also infanticide should be allowed (Killing of infants)

17
Q

What did he believe about Animals?

A

They have rights as beings with interest

18
Q

about Singer?

A
  • He has been banned form speaking in Germany because of his views on infanticide
  • he gives 30% of his income away every year
19
Q

Strengths of Singers views?(3)

A

Radical- committed to real equality
Animal Rights- Taken seriously
Simple- Ask people what they prefer

20
Q

Weaknesses of Singers views? (3)

A

Immoral- Infanticide seems to cross the line
Implausible- Too much to expect people not to prefer e.g. own children
Unrealistic- How do we calculate preferences or consequences??

Ethics (3 decks)

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