Utilitarianism

Question 1

Intro

Answer 1

'Telos'
End justifies means
Jeremy Bentham (created by)
John Stuart Mill
Peter Singer

Question 2

Jeremy Bentham

Answer 2

Act UT
Human motivation
“Governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure”
Principal of Utility
“The greatest happiness for the greatest number of people”-Hutcheson
Hedonic calculus
Quantifies pleasure, fecundity(lead on), purity, certainty
Sadistic guards

Question 3

John Stuart Mill

Answer 3

Rule UT
Higher and lower order pleasures
Eg. Education/food
“It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied, better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied”
Impartiality-social ethic
“Not the agents happiness but that of all concerned” eg. Save cancer doctor

Question 4

Peter Singer

Answer 4

Preference UT
Satisfy most preferences
“An action contrary to the preference of any being is …wrong”
Animals&babies
Specieism - animals should have more rights than newborn babies