Utilitarianism

Question 1

Consequences and happiness as base of morality

Answer 1

Utilitarianism

Question 2

Stated that happiness is a balance of pleasure over pain

Answer 2

Jeremy Bentham

Question 3

Where and when was Jeremy Bentham born

Answer 3

Houndsditch, London, England
1748

Question 4

What age did Jeremy Bentham started studying at Westminster school, and has already learned Latin and Greek

Answer 4

4

Question 5

What age did Bentham fo to college

Answer 5

12

Question 6

Utilitarianism asserts that the morality of action is determined by what

Answer 6

Calculating amount of happiness it produces

Question 7

What ought a person do based on utilitarianism

Answer 7

Ought to act so as to produce the best consequences possible

Question 8

How is the greater happiness achieved

Answer 8

Reducing amount of pain and suffering

Question 9

How are actions right or wrong in utilitarianism

Answer 9

Right = happiness
Wrong = pain

Question 10

What did Bentham claim regarding what the legislators should look first

Answer 10

Happiness of the individual

Question 11

What is the object of all legislation according to Utilitarianism

Answer 11

Greatest happiness of the greatest number

Question 12

States that actions are right if they produce happiness, and wrong if they produce its opposite: pain or unhappiness

Answer 12

Principle of Utility

Question 13

What are the two sovereign motives that govern mankind according to Bentham

Answer 13

• pain
• pleasure

Question 14

What was deduced from the principle of utility regarding punishment

Answer 14

Ought only to be used “so far as it promises to exclude some greater evil”

Question 15

Meant property in any object, whereby it tends to produce benefit, advantage, pleasure, good, or happiness, to prevent the happening of mischief, pain, evil, or unhappiness

Answer 15

Utility

Question 16

What criterion is happiness for, according to Bentham

Answer 16

Ultimate criterion of morality

Question 17

• founder of Epicureanism
• believes that the good life consists in the life of pleasure, a life free from any form of physical and bodily pain

Answer 17

Epicurus

Question 18

Epicurus is the founder of __

Answer 18

Epicureanism

Question 19

Claims that happiness or what he calls, eudaimonia is the ultimate end of our actions

Answer 19

Aristotle

Question 20

What does Aristotle call happiness

Answer 20

Eudaimonia

Question 21

Believes that when we act, we do so sith the hope that it will make us happy

Answer 21

Socrates

Question 22

The ancient philosophers and Bentham regard happiness as what

Answer 22

Intrinsic human desire

Question 23

When do we allow to experience pain according to Utilitarianism

Answer 23

With hope thay they will produce greater happiness

Question 24

Used to evaluate how much pleasure or pain would be caused by an action

Answer 24

hedonistic calculus

Question 25

Hedonistic Calculus

Answer 25

1. Intensity 2. Duration 3. Certainty or uncertainty 4. Propinquity 5. Fecundity 6. Purity 7. Extent

Question 26

- Some actions bring more intense pleasure than others - the more intense the action, the better it is

Answer 26

Intensity

Question 27

- Some happiness are fleeting while some are longer lasting - the longer the happiness lasts, the better it is

Answer 27

Duration

Question 28

- we wouldn't rather choose the action that will certainly make us happy - the certain we are that an action is likely to produce happiness, the better it is

Answer 28

Certainty or uncertainty

Question 29

- if number of people who will become happy is greater than the people who will become unhappy, then the action is good

Answer 29

Extent

Question 30

- How immediate is the sensation - closeness

Answer 30

Propinquity

Question 31

Likelihood that the pleasure or pain will be followed by more pleasures or pains

Answer 31

Fecundity

Question 32

Pleasure that is mixed with pain is not as good as one that just pleasure

Answer 32

Purity

Question 33

Puts emphasis on calculating the result of each possible action in a particular situation

Answer 33

Classic act-utilitarianism

Question 34

Based on ___, one makes a judgement based on the possible results of particular actions, which differ according to the set of circumstances that surround it

Answer 34

Act-utilitarianism

Question 35

First objection of utilitarianism

Answer 35

- It would require us to sacrifice our own happiness for the sake of the happiness of the greater number of people - if everyone sacrificef her own happiness, it would lead to greater unhappiness

Question 36

Second objection of utilitarianism

Answer 36

Fails to condemn perverse pleasures

Question 37

Perverse pleasures

Answer 37

Intrinsically wrong and morally objectionable

Question 38

Third objection of utilitarianism

Answer 38

- "the end justifies the means" principle - an intrinsically wrong may be morally justified and right

Question 39

Fourth objection of utilitarianism

Answer 39

- Violation of human rights - as long as the "end" produces greater benefits