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Repro Exam II > UTI/STD Pharm > Flashcards

UTI/STD Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Drug Class: Penicillin G

A

B- lactam: Natural Penicillin - IV, IM

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2
Q

Drug Class: Ampicillin

A

B-lactam: penicillins - PO, IV, IM

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3
Q

Drug Class: Ceftriaxone

A

B-lactam: Cephalosporins: 3rd gen - IV, IM

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4
Q

Drug Class: Ampicillin-sulbactam

A

B-lactamase Inhibitors - IV

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5
Q

Drug Class: Ciprofloxacin

A

Fluroquinolones - PO, IV, topical

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6
Q

Drug Class: Azithromycin

A

Macrolides/Ketolides - PO, IV, topical

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7
Q

Drug Class: Metronidazole

A

PO, IV, topical

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8
Q

Drug Class: Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim

A

Sulfonamides & Trimethoprim - PO, IV

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9
Q

Drug Class: Methenamine

A

Urinary tract antiseptics - PO

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10
Q

Drug Class: Nitrofruantoin

A

Urinary tract antiseptics - PO

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11
Q

Drug Class: Fosfomycin

A

?

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12
Q

Drug Class: Fluconazole

A

Azole antifungal

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13
Q

TMP/SMX - MOA

A

inhibits dihydropteroate syntase
inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
- 2 steps in folic acid syntheses

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14
Q

TMP/SMX - PK

A

smx(1/2) = 10 hrs tmp = 11 hrs

longer in renal impairment

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15
Q

TMP/SMX - ADR

A 
allergic skin rashes
nausea
vomiting
CNS
photosensitivity
renal dysfxn
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
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16
Q

TMP/SMX -DDI

A

inhibits CYP metabolism

- potentiates warfarin - increased INR

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17
Q

Nitrofurantoin - MOA

A

when reduced forms highly reactive intermediates - bacteria reduce more rapidly than mammals

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18
Q

Nitrofurantoin - PK

A

crystalline - abosrbed/excreted slowly

plasma - rapidly excreted

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19
Q

Nitrofurantoin - ADR

A

N/V/D, macrocrystalline better tolerated

no more than 14 days

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20
Q

Nitrofurantoin - CI

A

not with pregnancy, impaired renal fxn, newborns

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21
Q

Methenamine

A

chronic suppressive therapy,
acidic urine turns to formaldehyde
ADR: GI distress, dysuria, hematuria, rash

22
Q

Fosfomycin - MOA

A

bactericidal - inhibits cell wall synthesis(pyruvyl transferase)

23
Q

Fosfomycin - PK

A

rapidly absorbed, Oral, renal eliminated, t1/2= 4 hrs

24
Q

Fosfomycin - ADR

A

N/D ab pain, headache

25
Q

Fluroquinolone - MOA

A

cipro/levofloxacin

targets bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase

26
Q

Fluroquinolone - PK

A 
divalent/trivalent cations inhibit absorbtion(calcium carbonate)
renal clearance (moxiflox - in liver)
27
Q

Fluroquinolone - ADR

A

GI issues, CNS, HA, dizzy, delirium, Achilles tendon rupture

28
Q

B-lactam - MOA

A

inhibits transpeptidation rxn - last step in peptidoglycan synthesis

29
Q

B-lactam: Penicillian G : PK/ADR

A

IM injection, absorbed slowly~26days

allergic rxns, anaphylaxis, interstitial nephritis, pseudomembranous colitis

30
Q

B lactam: ampicillin

A

drug of choice for enterococci!

31
Q

B-lactam: cephtriaxone PK/ADR

A

given IV/IM t1/2 = 8 hrs

1% cross reactivity w/ penicillins, rxn at injection site, diarrhea

32
Q

Azithromycin(macrolide) - MOA

A

bacteriostatic - binds to 50S ribosomal subunit

33
Q

Azithromycin - PK

A

Al or mag hydroxide antacids inhibits absorbtion, hepatic metabolism, biliary excretion, t1/2 - 40-68 hrs

34
Q

Azithromycin - ADR

A

GI distress, hepatotoxicity, arrhythmia, QT prolongation

35
Q

Macrolide DDI

A

CYP3A4 inhibition - prolongs digoxin, valproate, warfarin

36
Q

Metronidazole - MOA

A

prodrug - reduced in anaerobic bacteria to form radical anions, O2 increase steals electrons from metronidazole - inhibits it

37
Q

metronidazole - PK

A

absorbed completely/rapidly after oral admin, penetrates well into body tissues t1/2 = 8hrs, hepatic metabolism out in urine

38
Q

Metronidazole - ADR

A

HA, N/V/D, dry mouth metallic taste, no alcohol(3 days after)

39
Q

Metronidazole - DDI

A

induced metabolism of phenobarbital, prednisone, and rifampin, prolongs prothrombin time with warfarin

40
Q

What bacteria uncomplicated infections

A 
E coli     (TMP/SMX for all)
S saprophyticus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus
Pseudomonas
Enterococcus - amoxicillian
41
Q

what bacteria complicated infrections

A 
E. Coli!!!
Enterococci
Proteus
K pneumoniae
Enterobacter
P. Aeruginosa
Staphy
Candida
42
Q

Recurrent UTI definition

A 
>= 2 UTI in 6 months or
>= 3 UTI in 1 year
43
Q

Uncomplicated cystitis - treatment

A

3 day course unless
previous infxn, male, complicated cystitis
then 7-14 days

44
Q

Cystitic - Drugs of choice

A

TMP/SMX 3 day
nitrofurantion/fosfomycin in 20% resistance areas
Nitrofurantoin 5 days
Fosfomycin single dose

45
Q

Acute pyelonephritis - drug of choice

A

cipro/levo - 7-10 days

tmp/smx - 14 days

46
Q

seriously ill acute pyelonephritis - drugs

A

IV antimicrobials:
Fluroquinolone IV
Extended spectrum cephalosporin
aminoglycoside +/- ampicillin

47
Q

drugs for MDR bacteria risk factors

A 
Pseudomonas and enterococci
 ampicillin
B-lactam
carbapenem
fluroquinolone
ceftazidime/cefepime
48
Q

drug for N. gonorrhoeae

A

ceftriaxone IM

allergic - azithromycin

49
Q

drug for chlamydia

A

Azithromycin

Doxy

50
Q

drug for syphilis

A

Parenteral penicllin G

allergic - doxy - not with baby - teeth

Repro Exam II (2 decks)

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