Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Complex Care > UTI/Sepsis > Flashcards

UTI/Sepsis Flashcards

1
Q

Most common UTI pathogen

A

E Coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Patients at risk for UTI

A
  • Immunosuppressed
  • Diabetics
  • Multiple courses antibiotic treatment
  • Travelled to certain developing countries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Classifications of UTI

A

Upper vs Lower

Complicated vs Uncomplicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tissues of Upper UTI

A

Renal, urinary pelvis, ureters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pyelonephritis is an example of an

A

Upper UTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lower Tract UTI have

A

No systemic manifestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Examples of lower tract UTI

A

cystitis, urethritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Uncomplicated UTI

A
  • Occurs in otherwise normal urinary tract
  • Usually involves only the bladder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Complicated UTI

A
  • Those with coexisting presence of:
  • Obstruction
  • Stones
  • Catheters
  • Existing diabetes/neurological disease
  • Pregnancy-induced changes
  • Recurrent infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Urinary tract above urethra normally:

A

Sterile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

6 Defense mechanisms against UTIs

A
  • Peristaltic activity
  • Acidic pH of urine
  • High urea concentration
  • Abundant glycoproteins
  • Complete emptying of bladder
  • Ureterovesical junction competence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are organisms introduced into urinary system

A
  1. ascending route of urethra, originates from perineum
  2. blood stream
  3. lymphatics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2 General Predisposing Factors to UTI

A
  1. factors that increase urinary stasis
  2. foreign bodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Clinical Manifestations of UTI

A
  • Urinary frequency
  • > every 2 hours
  • Urgency
  • Incontinence
  • Nocturia
  • Nocturnal enuresis – bed wedding
  • Pain on voiding/Dysuria
  • Retention (also promotes UTI)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Symptoms indicating upper tract UTI

A

SYSTEMIC

Flank pain, chills, and fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the symptoms of UTI when bacterial count is high?

A

Symptoms may be nonspecific (ie: fatigue) when bacterial counts high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Clinical Manifestations of UTI in older adults

A
  • Symptoms are often absent
  • Experience nonlocalized abdominal discomfort rather than dysuria
  • May have cognitive impairment
  • Are less likely to have a fever
18
Q

Diagnostic Studies for UTI

A
  1. history/physical exam
  2. urinalysis
  3. culture and sensitivity
  4. CT
  5. Pyelogram
19
Q

Course of ABX for uncomplicated cystitis

A

short-term course (1 to 3 days)

20
Q

Course of ABX for complicated UTIs

A

Require long-term treatment (7 to 14 days)

21
Q

Trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) use

A

Uncomplicated/initial UTI

assess for sulfa allergy

22
Q

Nitrofurantoin use

A

Long term UTI

23
Q

Fluroquinolone use

A

Complicated UTI

24
Q

Health History for UTI

A
  • Previous UTIs, calculi, stasis, retention, pregnancy, STIs, bladder cancer
  • Use of antibiotics, anticholinergics, antispasmodics
  • Urological instrumentation
  • Urinary hygiene
  • Other infections – ex: fungal
  • N/V, anorexia, chills, nocturia, frequency, urgency
  • Suprapubic/lower back pain, bladder spasms, dysuria, burning on urination
25
Objective Data for UTI assessment
* Fever * Hematuria, foul-smelling urine, tender, enlarged kidney * Leukocytosis, positive findings for bacteria, WBCs, RBCs, pyuria, ultrasound, CT scan, IVP
26
Interventions for UTI
1. regular emptying of bladder and bowel 2. urinary hygiene 3. fluids (dilute urine to flush bacteria and make bladder less irritable) 4. hygiene 5. call bell 5. heat
27
What irritants should be avoided for patients with UTI?
* Avoid caffeine, alcohol, citrus juices, chocolate, and highly spiced foods * Potential bladder irritants
28
What is urosepsis?
* Systemic infection from urological source * Most severe presentation of UTI
29
30
What can sepsis lead to?
1. organ dysfunction 2. hypoperfusion 3. hypotension
31
Temperature indicating sepsis
§ core temperature >38C or <36C
32
HR indicating sepsis
§ heart rate >90 BPM
33
RR indicating sepsis
§ respiratory rate >20 breaths/min
34
BP indicating sepsis
§ SBP<90mm Hg or MAP<70mm Hg
35
urine output indicating sepsis
§ Urine Output <0.5ml/kg/hr X2 hrs
36
What lab values can be diagnostic of sepsis?
Lactate and WBC
37
Lactate levels indicative of sepsis
§ Lactate > 1mmol/L
38
WBC levels indicative of sepsis
>12 x 109/L or <4 x 109/L
39
At signs and symptoms of sepsis, what other things are necessary for diagnosis within an hour?
1. lactate - serum/ABG 2. BC before ABX 3. broad spectrum ABX 4. fluid replacement if hypotensive of lactate > 4
40
Nitrates vs Nitrites
Nitrates are normal in urine. They are converted to nitrites by bacteria when it is present in the urine (a before i)
41
Caution with IV pyelogram for urinary diagnositic
contrast is nephrotoxic
42
what is lactate
bi-product produced in the body during normal metabolism. Fuel for cells during intense exercise/created when body breaks down glucose o Created when you’re generating energy anaerobically o Caused by lack of oxygen o Blood will be acidic starting to damage organs and tissues – may vomit to remove

Complex Care (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions