Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Complex Care > UTI/Sepsis > Flashcards

UTI/Sepsis Flashcards

1
Q

Most common UTI pathogen

A

E Coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Patients at risk for UTI

A
  • Immunosuppressed
  • Diabetics
  • Multiple courses antibiotic treatment
  • Travelled to certain developing countries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Classifications of UTI

A

Upper vs Lower

Complicated vs Uncomplicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tissues of Upper UTI

A

Renal, urinary pelvis, ureters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pyelonephritis is an example of an

A

Upper UTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lower Tract UTI have

A

No systemic manifestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Examples of lower tract UTI

A

cystitis, urethritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Uncomplicated UTI

A
  • Occurs in otherwise normal urinary tract
  • Usually involves only the bladder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Complicated UTI

A
  • Those with coexisting presence of:
  • Obstruction
  • Stones
  • Catheters
  • Existing diabetes/neurological disease
  • Pregnancy-induced changes
  • Recurrent infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Urinary tract above urethra normally:

A

Sterile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

6 Defense mechanisms against UTIs

A
  • Peristaltic activity
  • Acidic pH of urine
  • High urea concentration
  • Abundant glycoproteins
  • Complete emptying of bladder
  • Ureterovesical junction competence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are organisms introduced into urinary system

A
  1. ascending route of urethra, originates from perineum
  2. blood stream
  3. lymphatics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2 General Predisposing Factors to UTI

A
  1. factors that increase urinary stasis
  2. foreign bodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Clinical Manifestations of UTI

A
  • Urinary frequency
  • > every 2 hours
  • Urgency
  • Incontinence
  • Nocturia
  • Nocturnal enuresis – bed wedding
  • Pain on voiding/Dysuria
  • Retention (also promotes UTI)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Symptoms indicating upper tract UTI

A

SYSTEMIC

Flank pain, chills, and fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the symptoms of UTI when bacterial count is high?

A

Symptoms may be nonspecific (ie: fatigue) when bacterial counts high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Clinical Manifestations of UTI in older adults

A
  • Symptoms are often absent
  • Experience nonlocalized abdominal discomfort rather than dysuria
  • May have cognitive impairment
  • Are less likely to have a fever
18
Q

Diagnostic Studies for UTI

A
  1. history/physical exam
  2. urinalysis
  3. culture and sensitivity
  4. CT
  5. Pyelogram
19
Q

Course of ABX for uncomplicated cystitis

A

short-term course (1 to 3 days)

20
Q

Course of ABX for complicated UTIs

A

Require long-term treatment (7 to 14 days)

21
Q

Trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) use

A

Uncomplicated/initial UTI

assess for sulfa allergy

22
Q

Nitrofurantoin use

A

Long term UTI

23
Q

Fluroquinolone use

A

Complicated UTI

24
Q

Health History for UTI

A
  • Previous UTIs, calculi, stasis, retention, pregnancy, STIs, bladder cancer
  • Use of antibiotics, anticholinergics, antispasmodics
  • Urological instrumentation
  • Urinary hygiene
  • Other infections – ex: fungal
  • N/V, anorexia, chills, nocturia, frequency, urgency
  • Suprapubic/lower back pain, bladder spasms, dysuria, burning on urination
25
Q

Objective Data for UTI assessment

A
  • Fever
  • Hematuria, foul-smelling urine, tender, enlarged kidney
  • Leukocytosis, positive findings for bacteria, WBCs, RBCs, pyuria, ultrasound, CT scan, IVP
26
Q

Interventions for UTI

A
  1. regular emptying of bladder and bowel
  2. urinary hygiene
  3. fluids (dilute urine to flush bacteria and make bladder less irritable)
  4. hygiene
  5. call bell
  6. heat
27
Q

What irritants should be avoided for patients with UTI?

A
  • Avoid caffeine, alcohol, citrus juices, chocolate, and highly spiced foods
  • Potential bladder irritants
28
Q

What is urosepsis?

A
  • Systemic infection from urological source
  • Most severe presentation of UTI
29
Q
A
30
Q

What can sepsis lead to?

A
  1. organ dysfunction
  2. hypoperfusion
  3. hypotension
31
Q

Temperature indicating sepsis

A

§ core temperature >38C or <36C

32
Q

HR indicating sepsis

A

§ heart rate >90 BPM

33
Q

RR indicating sepsis

A

§ respiratory rate >20 breaths/min

34
Q

BP indicating sepsis

A

§ SBP<90mm Hg or MAP<70mm Hg

35
Q

urine output indicating sepsis

A

§ Urine Output <0.5ml/kg/hr X2 hrs

36
Q

What lab values can be diagnostic of sepsis?

A

Lactate and WBC

37
Q

Lactate levels indicative of sepsis

A

§ Lactate > 1mmol/L

38
Q

WBC levels indicative of sepsis

A

> 12 x 109/L or <4 x 109/L

39
Q

At signs and symptoms of sepsis, what other things are necessary for diagnosis within an hour?

A
  1. lactate - serum/ABG
  2. BC before ABX
  3. broad spectrum ABX
  4. fluid replacement if hypotensive of lactate > 4
40
Q

Nitrates vs Nitrites

A

Nitrates are normal in urine. They are converted to nitrites by bacteria when it is present in the urine (a before i)

41
Q

Caution with IV pyelogram for urinary diagnositic

A

contrast is nephrotoxic

42
Q

what is lactate

A

bi-product produced in the body during normal metabolism. Fuel for cells during intense exercise/created when body breaks down glucose
o Created when you’re generating energy anaerobically
o Caused by lack of oxygen
o Blood will be acidic starting to damage organs and tissues – may vomit to remove

Complex Care (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions