UTI pharmacology Flashcards
UTI risk factors
- adults 25-29
- women, especially elderly
- sexual activity
- poor hygiene
- dirty pools
- taking baths
how do UTIs develop
bacteria usually from anus enters the urethra and swims into bladder where it grows
health factors that make people prone to UTI
- dehydration
- structural malformations
- diffculty urination
- catheters
symptoms of UTI
- strong urge to urinate
- burning during urination
- low volume at high frequency
- cloudy or red/brown urin
- pelvic or rectal pain
- fever and chills
symptom of UTI seen in elderly
demential-like symptoms
bacteria responsible for UTI
- E.coli and other Gm- bacilli (85-95%
- staph. sp Gm+ cocci (5-15%)
preventative measures for UTI
- empty bladder when urinating
- urinate after sex
- wipe front to back
- drink lots of water
- avoid vaginal irritation
- circumcision
- shower
complicated UTI
associated with an underlying medical condition
treatment options for uncomplicated lower UTI
- TMP-SMX 160/800 mg bid x 3 days
- nitrofurantoin 100 mg bid x 5 days
- fosfomycin trometamol 1 3g dose
treatment options for mild-moderate catheter associated UTI
- cipro
- levofloxacin
- ceftriaxone
resistance to nitrofurantoin
generally low and it rarely develops
nitrofurantoin use
- uncomplicated UTI
- prevention of recurrent UTI
- long-term suppression
nitrofurantoin bioavailability
90%
nitrofurantoin elimination
rapidly done by kidney, which is why its great for UTI and nothing else (not enough gets to blood)
nitrofurantoin MoA
bacterial reductases form a radical on it which makes it cause DNA damage in the bacteria
