UTI Flashcards

1
Q

UTI: signs and sx

A

gross hematuria

LOWER:
dysuria
urgency
frequency
nocturia
suprapubic heaviness
costovertebral tenderness
UPPER:
flank pain
fever
N/V
malaise
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2
Q

UTI: laboratory test results

A

pyuria
nitrite positive urine
leukocyte esterase positive urine
antibody coated bacteria

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3
Q

UTI: elderly patient presentation

A

AMS
change in eating habits
GI sx

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4
Q

UTI: pts w/ indwelling catheters or neurologic disorders presentation

A

flank pain
fever

no lower tract sx

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5
Q

Common Dipstick Test

A

detects nitrite in urine

false negatives common due to:

  • P.aeruginosa
  • low urinary pH
  • frequent voiding
  • dilute urine
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6
Q

Leukocyte Esterase Dipstick Test

A

detects pyuria

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7
Q

What is the most reliable method of diagnosing a UTI?

A

urine culture

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8
Q

What microbes are associated w/ uncomplicated UTIs?

A

MC: E. coli

S. saprophyticus
K. pneumoniae
Proteus
P. aeruginosa
Enterococcus
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9
Q

What microbes are associated w/ complicated UTIs?

A

gram negative organisms

enterococcus faecalis

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10
Q

Recommended treatment for uncomplicated UTI

A
short course (3d) trimethroprim sulfamethoxazole
OR
1 dose fosfomycin
OR
5d nitrofurantoin
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11
Q

Recommended treatment for pyelonephritis or complicated infections

A

short course (3d)

ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin (fluoroquinolones)

**moxifloxacin does NOT work in urinary tract

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12
Q

Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole: ADEs

A
rash
steven johnson syndrome
renal failure
photosensitivity 
hematologic
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13
Q

Nitrofurantoin: ADEs

A

GI intolerance
neuropathies
pulmonary reactions

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14
Q

Fosfomycin Trometamol: ADEs

A

diarrhea
HA
angioedema

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15
Q

Ciprofloxacin/Levofloxacin: ADEs

A
hypersensitivity
photosensitivity
GI sx
dizziness
confusion
tendonitis
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16
Q

Amoxicillin Clavulanate: ADEs

A

hypersensitivity (rash, anaphylaxsis)
diarrhea
superinfection
seizure

17
Q

Cefaclor/Cefpodoxime Proxetil

A

hypersensitivity (rash, anaphylaxis)
diarrhea
superinfection
seizure

18
Q

Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis: pathogens

A

E. coli

Staph saprophyticus

19
Q

Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis: Pregnancy: treatment recommendation

A
  1. AUG x 7d
  2. cephalosporin x 7d
  3. TMP-SMX x 7d

**avoid TMP-SMX during 3rd trimester

20
Q

Acute Pyelonephritis: Uncomplicated: pathogen and treatment

A

E. coli

  1. quinolone x 7d
  2. TMP-SMX x 14d

Gram (+) bacteria
1. AMOX or AUG x 14d

21
Q

Acute Pyelonephritis: Complicated: pathogens

A
E coli
P mirabilis
K pneumoniae
P aeruginosa
Enterococcus faecalis
22
Q

Acute Pyelonephritis: Complicated: treatment recommendation

A
  1. quinolone x 14d

2. extended spectrum PCN + aminoglycoside

23
Q

Prostatitis: pathogens

A

E coli
K pneumoniae
Proteus
P aeruginosa

24
Q

Prostatitis: treatment recommendation

A
  1. TMP-SMX x 4-6wks

2. quinolone 4-6wks

25
Q

Stevens Johnson Syndrome: clinical presentation

A
flu like sx
facial swelling
tongue swelling
hives
skin pain
red/purple rash
blisters (skin, mucous membranes of mouth nose eyes genitals)
shedding of skin
26
Q

What component of cranberry juice can potentially aid in UTIs?

A

lactobacillus

-keeps vaginal pH in normal range

27
Q

What is a potential benefit of cranberry juice in recurrent UTIs?

A

dec adherence of bacteria to bladder epithelial cells

28
Q

Phenazopyridine HCl

A

urinary analgesic

used in combination w/ abx

may mask signs and sx of nonresponding UTI

29
Q

Phenazopyridine HCl: ADEs

A
red orange discoloration of body fluids
rash
anaphylaxis
hemolytic anemia
methemoglobinemia
acute renal failure
30
Q

Recommended drug therapy for UTIs in pregnancy

A

7d:

  • cephalexin
  • amoxicillin
  • amoxicillin/clavulanate