Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microbiology test 3 > UTI > Flashcards

UTI Flashcards

1
Q

Community Acquired vs. Nosocomial rule

A

48 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

recurrent UTIs definition

A

3 or more symptomatic bacteria within 1 year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Uncomplicated UTI organisms

A

E. coli (most common)
P. mirabilis
K. pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

P miribalis characteristics & type of UTI

A

swarming, urease producer

Uncomplicated uti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

A

Urease producer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Enterococcus faecalis

A

gram-positive UTI microbe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CoNS

A

S. epi, novobiocin sensitive UTI microbe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

S saprophyticus

A

gram POSITVIE, urease producer, biofilm producer

S. sapro, novobiocin resistant UTI microbe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pseudomonas auerginosa

A

gram negative UTI microbe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name the Enterobacteria strains

A

PESSKY Strains

Proteus, Escherichia, Shigella, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Yersinia & Serratia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Menstrual predisposing UTIs explanation and microbes

A

increased risk due to loss of vaginal & uro-epithelia + normal flora
E.coli
S. saprophyticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

postemenopausal predisposing factors for UTIs

A

bladder or uterine prolapse (STASIS)

loss of estrogen-changes in vaginal flora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Men predisposing factors for UTIs

A

Uncircumsized-colonization by gram-negative bacilli
new sex partner, anal intercourse
urinary tract obstruction (BPH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Predisposing factor for UTI (both genders)

A

congenital abnormality (vesicoureteral reflux)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2 common fimbrial adhesis of E.coli

A
  1. mannose-sensitive fimbra-FimH protein

2. P fimbria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mannose-sensitive fimbria: a/w which microbe, which condition, what it binds

A 
E.coli
FimH protein
helps colonize LOWER UT-acute cystitis
binds mannose-residues on proteins of bladder mucosa
mannose sensitive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

P fimbra: a/w which microbe, which condition, what it binds

A 
E.coli
a/w acute pyelonephritis
Binds P blood group antigen
enhances persistence of infection & inflammation in UT
mannose resistant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Other uropathic virulence facors

A
  1. Hemolysin-cytotoxic enzyme
  2. Endotoxin-(LPS of gram-negative bacteria)
  3. Aerobactin- (siderophore,scavenges iron)
  4. Urease (raises pH of urine, can form Struvite crystals in kidneys; ureters
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Urease forms what?

A

struvite crystals

these can congregate as a type of biofilm on foley urinary catheters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Capsular polysaccharides are responsible for what (2)?

A

biofilm formation in catheters

capsular K antigen (ONLY gram NEGATIVE Enterobacteriacea)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which microbes can form biofilm (6)?

A

E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, S. epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Capsular K antigen:
what does it do?
which type of microbes have it?

A

protects from phagocytosis

ONLY gram-negative Enterobacteriacea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why would a UTI microbe want a flagellum?

A

to facilitate movement

swarming (coating of catheter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the route of entry for the MAJORITY of UTIs? cause by what (uncomplicated, complicated)

A 
ascending
most common pathogen: E. coli
UPEC
Uncomplicated: GI contamination
Complicated: Iatrogenesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
<5% UTI pathogenesis, source, most common microbes (3)
``` Descending hematogenous & lymphatic -S. aureus -Mycobacterium tuberculosis -Candida albicans ```
26
Signs & Symptoms of UTI
dysuria, pyuria (cloudy urine), hesitancy, increased frequency/urge to urinate Females-concurrent cystitis Males-concurrent prostatitis
27
STD UTI agents
Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae & Trichomonas vaginalis
28
Cystitis definition, signs & sxs
aka: lower UTI, LOCALIZED infection/inflammation of bladder | urethritis, bacteria, pyuria, suprapubic tenderness, hematuria
29
Pyelonephritis def, presentation
upper UTI renal infection localized Infection w/SYSTEMIC effects can be ascending or descending MAY precipitate premature labor
30
pyelonephritis signs and sxs
``` hallmark pain in flank (latus) costoverteral angle (CVA) tenderness lower UTI symptoms spiking fever (104-5 F) systemic effects (N/V, HA, malaise) ```
31
normal microbiota contaminants of urine sample (3)
Sta. epidermidis Cornebacterium sp. Lactobacillus sp.
32
Dx of UTI (classic quantities)
positive urine culture (at least 10^5 CFU/ml) AND pyuria-leukocyte count (at least 10^5 WBC/mL)
33
Accepted for UTI dx
at least 10^2 CFU/mL + acute sxs & pyuria
34
describe Kirby Bauer test for UTI
determines antibiotic susceptibility standardized (Mueller-Hinton Agar) requires a pure culture
35
Rapid dipstick components for UTI
pH: normal urine is acidic, UREASE producers RAISE pH to neutrality leukocyte esterase: detects pyuria, detects esterases released from degraded WBC Nitrate reductase: indirect test for bacteria, DIRECT detection of NITRITES produced by E. coli, Proteus & Klebseilla
36
Uncomplicated UTI tx length (cystitis, pyelonephritis)
duration depends on drugs prescribed Cystitis: 3 days Pyelonephritis: 10 days
37
Uncomplicated cystitis main antibiotics (4)
1. Cephalosporin (B-lactam) 2. TMP/SMX (inhibit tetrahydrofolate synthesis) 3. Nitrofurantoin-reactive intermediates (inhibits several bacterial enzyme systems) 4. Fosfomycin (inhibits cell wall synthesis depends on level of resistance in the area
38
Uncomplicated Pyelonephritis main antibiotic
Ciprofloxacin/Levofloxacin | Fluoroquinolones-inhibit DNA replication
39
UTI Urease producers (2)
``` Proteus Miribalis (swarming) Staphylococcus saprophyticus ```
40
UTI w/ Nitrite Reductase (3)
uropathogenic E. Coli Proteus Mirabilis Klebsiella pneumoniae
41
P. Mirabilis morph/characteristics
gram NEGATIVE urease producer biofilm former
42
UTI biofilm formers
``` E. Coli P,Miribalis Klebsiella pneumonia Staphylococcus saprophyticus Enterococcus faecalis ```
43
Klebsiella pneumonia gram stain & spec. characteristics
gram NEGATIVE urease positive (UPs form struvite crystals) biotin formers
44
S. Saprophyticus gram stain/characteristics
Gram POSITIVE Urease producer biofilm former
45
Enterococcus faecalis gram stain/charactersitics
gram POSITIVE | biofilm former
46
CoNS
gram POSITIVE | S. eip- Novobiocin sensitive
47
Descending UTI bacteria: 3 most common
S. aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Candida albicans
48
Urethritis definition
LOCALIZED inflammation of urethra (NOT confirmatolry sign of UTI)
49
STI agents of UTI (3)
Chlomydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis
50
Cystitis definition & signs/sxs
Localized infection/inflammation of bladder Urethritis  Bacteriuria–significant (10^5CFU/mL) from clean-voided midstream-catch urine  Pyuriaor odiferous urine  Suprapubic tenderness  Hematuria –blood in the urine
51
Pyelonephritis definition
Upper UTI Renal infection  Localized infection with SYSTEMIC effects  Entry of pathogen: Ascending or Descending May precipitate premature labor
52
Pyelonephritis: Signs and Symptoms
Hallmark pain in flank (latus)*-not always present Costovertebral angle (CVA)tenderness Lower UTI Symptoms -bacteriuria; dysuria; urgency; pyuria  Spiking fever40-41 oC (104-5 oF) Systemic effects  Nausea; vomiting; headache; malaise
53
Asymptomatic Bacteruia
UTI w/out specific symptoms Risk Factor for Upper UTI  Treatments for: 1.Pregnant women –lower infant birth weight 2.Preschool children –renal scarring
54
Urine sampling techiques
Prevent contamination with normal microbiota Midstream Clean Catch -most commonCatheter “in -out”  Suprapubic Bladder Aspiration -children Work up samples immediately or store at 4oC
55
name 3 normal microbiota that may contaminate urine samples
Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacterium sp, Lactobacillus sp.
56
What would you use a uricult test kit for?
to quantify & tentatively ID bacteria
57
Kirby-Baur test
determines antibiotic susceptibility standardized (Mueller-Hinton Agar) requires a pure culture
58
What can you detect with rapid urine dipstick?
1. pH (normal urine pH=6 {acidic}) - UREASE producers RAISE pH to near neutrality 2. Leukocyte esterase detects pyuria (detects esterases released from degraded WBC) 3. Nitrate reductase; indirect test for bacteria, DIRECT detection of NITRITES, produced by E.coli, Proteus & Klebsiella
59
Which UTI bacteria produce nitrites?(3)
E coli Proteus Klebsiella
60
How do you chose a UTI antibiotic?
``` Antibiotic sensitivity (BOTH Patient & Microbe) Levels achieved in urine  Ability to penetrate renal tissue (in Pyelonephritis) ```
61
Uncomplicated cystitis: length of treatment
3 days
62
Uncomplicated pyelonephritis length of treatment
10 days
63
Main antibiotics for uncomplicated cystitis (4)
1. Cephalosporin 2. TMP/SMX 3. Nitrofurantoin-reactive intermediates 4. Fosfomycin (2-4 depend on level of resistance in area of US)
64
Main antibiotics for uncomplicated pyelonephritis
Ciprofloxacin/Levofloxacin (fluoroquinolones inhibit DNA replication) -depends on level of resistance in area of US

Microbiology test 3 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions