USPTF Guidelines A&B

Question 1

Abdominal aortic aneurysm screening: men

Answer 1

The USPSTF recommends one-time screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm by ultrasonography in men ages 65 to 75 years who have ever smoked.

Grade B

Question 2

Alcohol misuse: screening and counseling

Answer 2

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians screen adults age 18 years or older for alcohol misuse and provide persons engaged in risky or hazardous drinking with brief behavioral counseling interventions to reduce alcohol misuse.

B

Question 3

Aspirin preventive medication: adults aged 50 to 59 years with a ≥10% 10-year cardiovascular risk

Answer 3

The USPSTF recommends initiating low-dose aspirin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer in adults aged 50 to 59 years who have a 10% or greater 10-year cardiovascular risk, are not at increased risk for bleeding, have a life expectancy of at least 10 years, and are willing to take low-dose aspirin daily for at least 10 years.

B

Question 4

Bacteriuria screening: pregnant women

Answer 4

The USPSTF recommends screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria with urine culture in pregnant women at 12 to 16 weeks’ gestation or at the first prenatal visit, if later.
-A

Question 5

Blood pressure screening: adults

Answer 5

The USPSTF recommends screening for high blood pressure in adults aged 18 years or older. The USPSTF recommends obtaining measurements outside of the clinical setting for diagnostic confirmation before starting treatment.

Question 6

BRCA risk assessment

and genetic counseling/testing

Answer 6

The USPSTF recommends that primary care providers screen women who have family members with breast, ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancer with one of several screening tools designed to identify a family history that may be associated with an increased risk for potentially harmful mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes (BRCA1 or BRCA2). Women with positive screening results should receive genetic counseling and, if indicated after counseling, BRCA testing.

B

Question 7

Breast cancer preventive medications

Answer 7

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians engage in shared, informed decisionmaking with women who are at increased risk for breast cancer about medications to reduce their risk. For women who are at increased risk for breast cancer and at low risk for adverse medication effects, clinicians should offer to prescribe risk-reducing medications, such as tamoxifen or raloxifene.

B

Question 8

Breast cancer screening

Answer 8

The USPSTF recommends screening mammography for women, with or without clinical breast examination, every 1 to 2 years for women age 40 years and older.

B

Question 9

Cervical cancer screening

Answer 9

The USPSTF recommends screening for cervical cancer every 3 years with cervical cytology alone in women aged 21 to 29 years. For women aged 30 to 65 years, the USPSTF recommends screening every 3 years with cervical cytology alone, every 5 years with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing alone, or every 5 years with hrHPV testing in combination with cytology (cotesting).

A

Question 10

Chlamydia screening: women

Answer 10

The USPSTF recommends screening for chlamydia in sexually active women age 24 years or younger and in older women who are at increased risk for infection.
-B

Question 11

Colorectal cancer screening

Answer 11

The USPSTF recommends screening for colorectal cancer starting at age 50 years and continuing until age 75 years.
-A

Question 12

Dental caries prevention: infants and children up to age 5 years

Answer 12

The USPSTF recommends the application of fluoride varnish to the primary teeth of all infants and children starting at the age of primary tooth eruption in primary care practices. The USPSTF recommends primary care clinicians prescribe oral fluoride supplementation starting at age 6 months for children whose water supply is fluoride deficient.
-B

Question 13

Depression screening: adolescents

Answer 13

The USPSTF recommends screening for major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. Screening should be implemented with adequate systems in place to ensure accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and appropriate follow-up.
-B

Question 14

Depression screening: adults

Answer 14

The USPSTF recommends screening for depression in the general adult population, including pregnant and postpartum women. Screening should be implemented with adequate systems in place to ensure accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and appropriate follow-up.

-B

Question 15

Diabetes screening

Answer 15

The USPSTF recommends screening for abnormal blood glucose as part of cardiovascular risk assessment in adults aged 40 to 70 years who are overweight or obese. Clinicians should offer or refer patients with abnormal blood glucose to intensive behavioral counseling interventions to promote a healthful diet and physical activity.
-B

Question 16

Falls prevention: older adults

Answer 16

The USPSTF recommends exercise interventions to prevent falls in community-dwelling adults 65 years or older who are at increased risk for falls.
-B

Question 17

Folic acid supplementation

Answer 17

The USPSTF recommends that all women who are planning or capable of pregnancy take a daily supplement containing 0.4 to 0.8 mg (400 to 800 µg) of folic acid.
-A

Question 18

Gestational diabetes mellitus screening

Answer 18

The USPSTF recommends screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in asymptomatic pregnant women after 24 weeks of gestation.
-B

Question 19

Gonorrhea prophylactic medication: newborns

Answer 19

The USPSTF recommends prophylactic ocular topical medication for all newborns for the prevention of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum.
-A

Question 20

Gonorrhea screening: women

Answer 20

The USPSTF recommends screening for gonorrhea in sexually active women age 24 years or younger and in older women who are at increased risk for infection.

Question 21

Healthy diet and physical activity counseling to prevent cardiovascular disease: adults with cardiovascular risk factors

Answer 21

The USPSTF recommends offering or referring adults who are overweight or obese and have additional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors to intensive behavioral counseling interventions to promote a healthful diet and physical activity for CVD prevention.

Question 22

Hemoglobinopathies screening: newborns

Answer 22

The USPSTF recommends screening for sickle cell disease in newborns.

Question 23

Hepatitis B screening: nonpregnant adolescents and adults

Answer 23

The USPSTF recommends screening for hepatitis B virus infection in persons at high risk for infection.

Question 24

Hepatitis B screening: pregnant women

Answer 24

The USPSTF strongly recommends screening for hepatitis B virus infection in pregnant women at their first prenatal visit.

Question 25

Hepatitis C virus infection screening: adults

Answer 25

The USPSTF recommends screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in persons at high risk for infection. The USPSTF also recommends offering one-time screening for HCV infection to adults born between 1945 and 1965.

Question 26

HIV screening: nonpregnant adolescents and adults

Answer 26

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians screen for HIV infection in adolescents and adults ages 15 to 65 years. Younger adolescents and older adults who are at increased risk should also be screened.

Question 27

HIV screening: pregnant women

Answer 27

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians screen all pregnant women for HIV, including those who present in labor who are untested and whose HIV status is unknown.

Question 28

Hypothyroidism screening: newborns

Answer 28

The USPSTF recommends screening for congenital hypothyroidism in newborns.

Question 29

Intimate partner violence screening: women of reproductive age

Answer 29

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians screen for intimate partner violence in women of reproductive age and provide or refer women who screen positive to ongoing support services.

Question 30

Lung cancer screening

Answer 30

The USPSTF recommends annual screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography in adults ages 55 to 80 years who have a 30 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years. Screening should be discontinued once a person has not smoked for 15 years or develops a health problem that substantially limits life expectancy or the ability or willingness to have curative lung surgery.

Question 31

Obesity screening and counseling: adults

Answer 31

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians offer or refer adults with a body mass index of 30 or higher (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) to intensive, multicomponent behavioral interventions.

Question 32

Obesity screening: children and adolescents

Answer 32

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians screen for obesity in children and adolescents 6 years and older and offer or refer them to comprehensive, intensive behavioral interventions to promote improvements in weight status.

Question 33

Osteoporosis screening: postmenopausal women younger than 65 years at increased risk of osteoporosis

Answer 33

The USPSTF recommends screening for osteoporosis with bone measurement testing to prevent osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women younger than 65 years who are at increased risk of osteoporosis, as determined by a formal clinical risk assessment tool.

Question 34

Osteoporosis screening: women 65 years and older

Answer 34

The USPSTF recommends screening for osteoporosis with bone measurement testing to prevent osteoporotic fractures in women 65 years and older.

Question 35

Phenylketonuria screening: newborns

Answer 35

The USPSTF recommends screening for phenylketonuria in newborns.

Question 36

Preeclampsia prevention: aspirin

Answer 36

The USPSTF recommends the use of low-dose aspirin (81 mg/d) as preventive medication after 12 weeks of gestation in women who are at high risk for preeclampsia.

Question 37

Preeclampsia: screening

Answer 37

The USPSTF recommends screening for preeclampsia in pregnant women with blood pressure measurements throughout pregnancy.

Question 38

Rh incompatibility screening: first pregnancy visit

Answer 38

The USPSTF strongly recommends Rh (D) blood typing and antibody testing for all pregnant women during their first visit for pregnancy-related care.

Question 39

Rh incompatibility screening: 24–28 weeks’ gestation

Answer 39

The USPSTF recommends repeated Rh (D) antibody testing for all unsensitized Rh (D)-negative women at 24 to 28 weeks’ gestation, unless the biological father is known to be Rh (D)-negative.

Question 40

Sexually transmitted infections counseling

Answer 40

The USPSTF recommends intensive behavioral counseling for all sexually active adolescents and for adults who are at increased risk for sexually transmitted infections.

Question 41

Skin cancer behavioral counseling

Answer 41

The USPSTF recommends counseling young adults, adolescents, children, and parents of young children about minimizing exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation for persons aged 6 months to 24 years with fair skin types to reduce their risk of skin cancer.

Question 42

Statin preventive medication: adults ages 40–75 years with no history of CVD, 1 or more CVD risk factors, and a calculated 10-year CVD event risk of 10% or greater

Answer 42

The USPSTF recommends that adults without a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (i.e., symptomatic coronary artery disease or ischemic stroke) use a low- to moderate-dose statin for the prevention of CVD events and mortality when all of the following criteria are met: 1) they are ages 40 to 75 years; 2) they have 1 or more CVD risk factors (i.e., dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, or smoking); and 3) they have a calculated 10-year risk of a cardiovascular event of 10% or greater. Identification of dyslipidemia and calculation of 10-year CVD event risk requires universal lipids screening in adults ages 40 to 75 years.

Question 43

Syphilis screening: nonpregnant persons

Answer 43

The USPSTF recommends screening for syphilis infection in persons who are at increased risk for infection.

Question 44

Syphilis screening: pregnant women

Answer 44

The USPSTF recommends early screening for syphilis infection in all pregnant women.

Question 45

Tobacco use counseling and interventions: nonpregnant adults

Answer 45

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians ask all adults about tobacco use, advise them to stop using tobacco, and provide behavioral interventions and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved pharmacotherapy for cessation to adults who use tobacco.

Question 46

Tobacco use counseling: pregnant women

Answer 46

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians ask all pregnant women about tobacco use, advise them to stop using tobacco, and provide behavioral interventions for cessation to pregnant women who use tobacco.

Question 47

Tobacco use interventions: children and adolescents

Answer 47

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians provide interventions, including education or brief counseling, to prevent initiation of tobacco use in school-aged children and adolescents.

Question 48

Tuberculosis screening: adults

Answer 48

The USPSTF recommends screening for latent tuberculosis infection in populations at increased risk.

Question 49

Vision screening: children

Answer 49

The USPSTF recommends vision screening at least once in all children ages 3 to 5 years to detect amblyopia or its risk factors.