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USPS Midterm 1 > USPS Midterm 1 > Flashcards

USPS Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are politics?

A

The process by which individuals and groups seek agreement on a course of common action - even if they disagree on intended goals of that action

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2
Q

Successful politics requires 2 things

A

Bargaining and Compromise
Politicians and constituents often hav different preferences and values, differences must be reconciles

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3
Q

Successful politics requires structure, which is achieve through establishing a

A

Institutional Design

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4
Q

Institutional Design

A

Construction of political institutions for managing conflicts and researching collective agreements between competing interests

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5
Q

Is the Constituion an institution?

A

Yas, composed or rules, structure, branches. establishes a nation’s governing institutions and the rules/procedures the institutions must/must now follow to reach collective agreements

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6
Q

Government

A

Consists of these institutions and set of legally prescribed processes for making and enforcing collective agreements

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7
Q

Institutions

A

Consist of offices conferring authority and responsibility to occupants

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8
Q

Processes

A

Describe how an institution will conduct its business

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9
Q

Authority

A

The right to make a decision

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10
Q

Political power (and how it differs from authority)

A

Politician’s influence over others whose cooperation is needed to achieve their political goals

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11
Q

Collective Action

A

Action taken by a gorup of like-minded individuals to achieve a common goal

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12
Q

Is the American political system truly democratic?

A
  1. do these institutions see elected officals truly representing their citizens
  2. does the gov protect the individual from outsiders and from itself
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13
Q

Two main barriers to effective collective action

A
  1. coordination
  2. Prisoner’s dilemma
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14
Q

2 aspects of Prisoner’s dilemma

A
  1. Free Rider Problem
  2. Tragedy of the commons
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15
Q

What are some major historical acts leading to ratification of Constituion

A
  1. French and indian War
  2. Stamp Act
  3. Tea Act
  4. Boston Tea Party
  5. Coercive Acts
  6. Declaration of Indepedent
  7. Articles of Confedration
  8. Constitutional Convention
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16
Q

Constitutional Convention

A

55 men meeting in Philly to discuss constitutional reform. major philosophical influences include John Locke and Isaac newton

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17
Q

Two constitution prototype plans

A

New Jersey Plan
Virginia Plan

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18
Q

Virginia Plan

A

3 branches, bicameral legislature, popularly elected, very strong gov

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19
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

small states scared of losing representation
proposed just strengthening articles of confederation, unicamerial congress with 1 vote per state

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20
Q

The Great Compromise

A

Legislature with 2 chambers splitting Congressional control
House had popular and rep based on pop and authority to generate revenue
Senate by state

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21
Q

Article 1 Section 8

A

listed new congressional powers like war, military, make money

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22
Q

Checks and Balances

A

Designed for three branches to share separate powers

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23
Q

Supreme Court

A

Final jurisdiction in resolving differences between state and national govs

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23
Q

15th and when passed

A

All citizens can vote regardless of previous state of servitude, nationalist
1870

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23
Q

Congress has powers to

A

Money
Regulate commerce
Declare War
Raise armie
Make rules for gov of land
Make laws necessary for power

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24
Q

Consittuion has been amended how many times

A

27 times

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24
Q

Executive

A

Diplomat in chief
Commander in cheif of Armed forces
Nominate Cabinet and Supreme Court
Enforce laws passed by Congres

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24
Q

13th amendment

A

abolished slavery

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24
Q

Rules to amending Constitution

A

proposed either y 2/3 of vote from both houses or 2/3 of states apply
Ratified with 3/4 of states approval

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24
Q

14th amendment

A

The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution granted citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States, including formerly enslaved people. It also extended the rights and liberties of the Bill of Rights to this group, and guaranteed equal protection under the law to all citizens.

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25
Q

19th and when passed

A

women’s suffrage
1920

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26
Q

Federalists

A

said doc provided and protected a thoroughly popular gov

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27
Q

Antifederaists

A

said cosntituion desgined undemocratic gov that would benefit the few at the expense of the many

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28
Q

Two subjects that often challenge the constitution being undemocratic

A

slavery and suffrage

29
Q

Dobbs v Jackson

A

struck down Roe v Wade, states could regulate abortion freely

30
Q

Federalism

A

System of shared powers between two or mroe levels of gov. lower levels protected from each other and higher, each unit in a position to exert some leverage over others

31
Q

Lesson of federalims seen in Dobbs case

A

As states gain power, tend to diverge toward political poles. create a patchwork of policy across th country aligning with that of the state majority, can greatly affect both people in the state and bordering

32
Q

two forms of federalism

A

Dual federalism
Shared/cooperative federalism

33
Q

Dual federalism

A

system of government in which the federal gov and state gov each have mutually exclusive spheres of action

34
Q

Shared federalism

A

system where national and state governmetn share in providing citizens with a set of goods, so joint service

35
Q

which type of federalism does the US follow

A

shared federalism

36
Q

Supremacy clause

A

national law override state

37
Q

Necessary and proper clause

A

lists powers reserved to congress but is open ended to elave openings for enforcement of braod national authority

38
Q

Commerce Clause

A

also purposely vague

39
Q

which amendment related to federalism

A

10th amendment

40
Q

Which two major policies in the mid 10th century propelled nationalization?

A

Roosevelt’s New Deal (1930s) and Johnson’s Great Society (mid 1960s)

41
Q

Nationalization?

A

National gov gaining more authority even if dual federalism is the intention

42
Q

New Deal

A

Set of Economic regulations and relief programs to fight Great Depression (Fed gov would subsidize state welfare programs like SS)

43
Q

Johnson’s Great Society

A

War on Poverty, Between 64 and 65, national gov enacted more than 100 new programs. carried out by states but controlled by fed grants
medicare, medicaid
came with strings attached, expanded fed gov’s power greatly

44
Q

Block grants

A

broad grant given specifying general area for funds to be spent but not more specific

45
Q

New federalism

A

Nixon and Reagan pushing to give states more control

46
Q

Civil rights

A

Power or privileges conferred on Citizens by the Consitution, protections by the government (gov must act and enforce)

47
Q

Civil liberties

A

Constitutional and legal protections from gov interference with personal rights and freedom (best served when gov does nothing)

48
Q

14th Amedment

A

Passed after civil was in 1868 guaranteeing citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the US

49
Q

15th amendment

A

In 1870, ratified granting all right to vote (but not women)

50
Q

Equal protection clause

A

citizens guaranteed equal treatment under the law

51
Q

19th amendment

A

1920, granted women the right to vote

52
Q

Major obstructions African Americans faced to implenting their civil rights

A

KKK, Jim Crow, Southern Democrats, segergation, literacy tests, poll taxes

53
Q

Plessy v Ferguson

A

Ruled separate but equal was constitutional, allowing for segregation

54
Q

Plessy v Ferguson overtuned by ____ when

A

Brown v Board in 1954

55
Q

CRA of 1957

A

established US commission on Civil Rights for investigations, made it a federal crime to prevent someone from voting

56
Q

CRA of 1960

A

increased sanctions against abriding or denying a person right to vote

57
Q

CRA of 1964

A

equated 6th grade edu with literacy, banned public discrimination. Estbalished EEOC for equal employment

58
Q

Voting Rights Act of 1965

A

Outlawed discrimination practices in voting barred impeding people to vote on basis of race and such

59
Q

Long 1960s

A

period of substantial social and political transforamtion in the US

60
Q

Shelby County struck down part of VRA stating

A

that if you wanted to make cahgnes to voting rules, had to run by fed gov first

61
Q

Difference between civil rights and civil liberties

A

civil rights dictate what gov must do to protect citizens. liberties dictate what government cant do, protect citizens from the government

62
Q

Bill of Rights example of

A

Civil liberties

63
Q

Bill of Rights

A
  1. Freedom of Speech
  2. Right to bear arms
  3. protection against quartering
  4. unreasonable search and seizure
  5. protection agaoinst douple jeap and self-incrimination
  6. right to speedy trial
  7. trial bu jury
  8. cruel and unusual punishment
  9. silent amendment: enumeration of certain rights doesnt negate the existence of other rights retained
  10. Any powers not delegated to US by constituion, or prohibited to the states, are reserved for states
64
Q

Political party

A

a coalition of people seeking to control the machinery of government by winning eections

65
Q

Did the constitution want politicla parties?

A

No! considered them corrupt and negatively divisive. saw how they prevalent in brits and thought of them as evil

66
Q

Hamilton and Jefferson’s differing view points on political parties caused…

A

the development of nation’s first two political parties

67
Q

Federalists wanted

A

Strong central gov (north, bankers, money)

68
Q

Democratic Republicans wanted…

A

limited fed gov and keeping power in state and local hands

69
Q

When were Democratic and Republican parties founded

A

1830 for democrats, 1850 for republicans

70
Q

When was two party system we know today solidified

A

1860

71
Q

Main motivation for creating political aprties

A

In any collective body where choices are made by voting, organization pays

72
Q

A few other incentives to develop political parties

A
  1. need to build stable legislative and electoral alliances
  2. mobilize voters
  3. develop enw electoral techniques
  4. importance of party lavels to enforce collective responsibility
73
Q

3 major aspects of political party

A
  1. party in gov (elected officials holding positions)
  2. party organization (body of operatives working to elect party candidates)
  3. party in the electorate (voters)
74
Q

Two party competition

A

pretty rare for US to gave, but incentivized in a winner takes all system (people vote strategically and difficult for smaller parties to win anything)

75
Q

Do politicians have incentive to change current system structure?

A

No. it benefits them

76
Q

Features of Political Party System

A

political power concetrated among ppl with skills to build durable electoral coalitions
roles professionalist and full time professionals now amnage these parties
organization and collective action are essential

77
Q

Duverger’s law

A

system where a single winner is chosen by a pluraity vote

USPS Midterm 1 (2 decks)

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