USMLE World Flashcards
What drug is angioedema associated with?
ACE inhibitors
What is the most serious and fatal toxicity of digoxin?
Ventricular tachyarrythmias
Others include nausea, anorexia, and color vision changes
What are the cardiac meds with a negative chronotropic effect?
Beta blockers, non-DHP CCBs, cardiac glycosides, amiodarone and sotalol, cholinergic agonists (pilocarpine, rivastigmine)
What are the commonly used drugs for MRSA?
Vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid
What are the “hyper” and “hypo” side effects of thiazides?
Hyper: uricemia, calcemia, glycemia, lipidemia
Hypo: tension, kalemia
What drugs can cause Lupus-like syndromes?
Hydralazine, procainamide, quinidine, isoniazid, minocycline
Dobutamine
Relatively selective B1 agonist, some B2 and a1. Increases HR, contractility, conduction velocity, and myocardial O2 consumption.
Used for acute heart failure w/decreased myocardial contractility (cardiogenic shock)
What is the cardiac toxicity of daunorubicin?
-rubicins = anthracyclines. Dilated cardiomyopathy. Prevented with dexrazoxane.
Other toxicities include myelosuppresion, alopecia.
Tx for a-fib
First line = CCBs or b-blockers
Second line = glycosides
What is a good antihypertensive for a pt with prolonged AV conduction time?
Want something that will cause peripheral vasodilation and reflex tachycardia. DHP CCBs that are most effective in vascular smooth muscle such as nifiedipine
Best aspirin alternative for angina with aspirin allergy
Clopidogrel (also synergistic with aspirin)
Blocks ADP receptors for platelet activation and aggregation
Prevent’s thromboembolic disease
Drug of choice for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, and common side effects
Adenosine; side effects include flushing, chest burning, hypotension, AV block
Drug that can cause both bradycardia and prolong QT interval
Solatol - beta blocking causes bradycardia (prolongs PR), class 3 properties prolong QT
Antiarrythmics that prolong qt interval
Class 1a and class 3
Which antiarrythmics preferentially affect ischemic cardiac tissue, and thus are good for MI?
Class 1b: lidocaine, tocainide, mexiletine
What is the intracellular consequence of nitrates at the target tissues?
NO –> increased cGMP –> deceased intracellular [Ca2+] –> decreased activity of MLCK –> dephosphorylation of myosin light chains
Why must there be a “nitrate free” daily interval when dosing?
Nitrate tolerance develops rapidly. Normally this period is timed to night, when cardiac work is least.
What is the effect of phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitors?
Increase cAMP, which causes increased cardiac contractility and vasodilation.
What is Ebstein’s anomaly and what causes it?
Apical displacement of tricuspid valve leaflets, decreased RV volume, atrialization of RV
Caused by exposure to lithium in utero
