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Year 3 medicine buzzword/phrases > USMLE Step 1 Rapid Review > Flashcards

USMLE Step 1 Rapid Review Flashcards

1
Q

Gout, intellectual disability and self-mutilating behaviour in young child.

A

Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

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2
Q

Blue sclera

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

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3
Q

Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation upwards, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints.

A

Marfan’s Syndrome (fibrillin defect).

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4
Q

Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints, increased bleeding tendency.

A

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

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5
Q

Single palmar crease

A

Down’s syndrome.

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6
Q

Swollen gums, muscosal bleeding, poor wound healing, petechiae.

A

Scurvy - vitamin D deficiency.

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7
Q

Hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, osteoporosis, aseptic necrosis of femoral head, bone crises.

A

Gaucher Disease - characterised by bruising, fatigue, anaemia, low platelets, and liver/spleen enlargement.

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8
Q

Achiles tendon xanthoma

A

Familial hypercholesterolaemia.

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9
Q

Anaphylaxis following blood transfusion

A

IgA deficiency.

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10
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy, oedema, alcoholism/malnutrition.

A

Wet Beriberi - thiamine deficiency.

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11
Q

Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhoea.

A

Pellegra - niacin - vit B3 deficiency.

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12
Q

“Strawberry tongue”

A

Scarlett fever - GAS infection (sore throat, fever ,headache, swollen lymph node, characteristic rash - sandpapery bumps).

Kawasaki disease - vasculitis, typically in young Asian (Japanese) children.

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13
Q

Adrenal haemorrhage (-> insufficiency), hypotension, DIC

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcocaemia).

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14
Q

Red “currant jelly” sputum in alcoholic/diabetic patients.

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia.

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15
Q

Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion.
1 - painless.
2 - painful.

A

Painless - primary syphillus, Treponema pallidum.

Painful with exudate - chancroid.

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16
Q

Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash

A

Measles.

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17
Q

Back pain, fever, night sweats

A

Pott’s disease (vertebral TB).

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18
Q

Abdo pain, diarrhoea, leukocytosis, recent antibiotic use

A

Clostridium difficile.

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19
Q

Bounding pulses, wide pulse pressure, diastolic murmur, head bobbing.

A

Aortic regurgitation.

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20
Q

Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-descendo)

A

Aortic stenosis.

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21
Q

Continuous “machine-like” murmur.

A

Patent ductus arteriosus.

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22
Q

Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI.

A

Dressler’s syndrome (AI mediated post-MI pericarditis, 2wks-months after acute episode).

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23
Q

Painful, raised red lesions on pads of fingers/toes.

A

Oslers nodes - Infective endocarditis.

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24
Q

Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles.

A

Janeway lesions - infective endocarditis.

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25
Q

Retinal haemorrhages with pale centers.

A

Roth spots - bacterial endocarditis.

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26
Q

Distant heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension.

A

Beck triad of cardiac tamponade.

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27
Q

Cervical lymphadenopathy, desquamating rash, coronary aneurysms, red conjunctivae + tongue, hand-foot changes.

A

Kawasaki disease.

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28
Q

Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdo pain (child), haematuria.

A

Henoch-schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting kidney and skin).

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29
Q

Telangiectasias, recurrent epistaxis, skin discolouration, arteriovenous malformations, GI bleeding, haemauria.

A

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome).

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30
Q

Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue.

A

Primary adrenocortical insufficiency (e.g. Addison’s.)

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31
Q

Facial muscle spasm on tapping.

A

Chvostek’s sign - hypocalcaemia.

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32
Q

No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation.

A

Sheehan’s syndrome - postpartum haemorrhage leading to pituitary infarct.

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33
Q

Deep, laboured breathing/hyperventilation.

A

DKA - Kussmaul breathing.

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34
Q

Cutaneous flushing, diarrhoea, bronchospasm

A

Carcinoid syndrome.

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35
Q

Pancreatic, pituitary and parathyroid tumours.

A

MEN 1.

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36
Q

Thyroid tumours, phaeochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis, Marfanoid habitus.

A

MEN 2B.

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37
Q

Thyroid and parathyroid tumours, phaeochromocytomas.

A

MEN 2A.

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38
Q

Painless jaundice.

A

Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing the bile duct.

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39
Q

Dysphagia, glossitis, IDA.

A

Plummer-Vinson syndrome.

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40
Q

Severe RLQ pain with palpation LLQ

A

Rovsing’s sign - acute appendicitis.

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41
Q

Severe RLQ pain with deep tenderness.

A

McBurney’s sign - acute appendicitis.

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42
Q

Haemartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands/genitalia.

A

Peutz-Jegher’s syndrome.

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43
Q

Multiple colon polyps, soft tissue tumours, impacted teeth.

A

Gardner syndrome - subtype of FAP.

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44
Q

Abdo pain, ascites, hepatomegaly.

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome.

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45
Q

Severe jaundice in neonate.

A

Crigler-Najjar syndrome.

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46
Q

Gold brown rings around peripheral cornea.

A

Kayser-Fleischer rings due to copper accumulation -> Wilson’s disease.

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47
Q

Fat, female, forty, fertile, familial.

A

Cholelithiasis (gallstones).

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48
Q

Short stature, cafe-au-lait spots, thumb/radial defects, aplastic anaemia.

Possible tumours, leukaemias.

A

Fanconi anaemia.

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49
Q

Red urine in morning

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal haematuria.

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50
Q

Smudge (WBC) cells.

A

CLL.

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51
Q

Athelete with polycythaemia.

A

second to EPO injection.

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52
Q

Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis.

A

Paget disease of bone.

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53
Q

Swollen, hard, painful finger joints in elderly individual - worsening with activity.
Name the signs.
Name the disease.

A

PIP - Bouchard’s nodes.
DIP - Herberden nodes.

Osteoarthritis.

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54
Q

Sudden swollen/painful big toe, tophi.

A

Gout.

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55
Q

Dry eyes, dry mouth.

A

Sjogren syndrome.

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56
Q

Urethritis, conjuncitivitis, arthritis in male.

A

Reactive arthritis.

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57
Q

Butterfly facial rash and Raynaud’s in young female.

A

SLE.

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58
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST).

59
Q

Painful fingers/toes changing from white to blue to red in cold/stress.

A

Raynauds.

60
Q

Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in AIDS.

A

Kaposi sarcoma, associated with HHV-8.

61
Q

Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury.

A

Extradural haematoma.

62
Q

“Worst headache of my life”

A

SAH.

63
Q

Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability, shuffling gait.

A

Parkinson’s.

64
Q

Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration.

A

Huntingtons.

65
Q

Cafe-au-lait spots, cutaneous neurofibromas, phaechromocytomas, optic gliomas.

A

Neurofibromatosis T1.

66
Q

Hypereflexia, hypertonia, Babinski +ve.

A

UMN damage.

67
Q

Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, fasciculations, atrophy.

A

LMN damage.

68
Q

Episodic vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss.

A

Meniere disease.

69
Q

Ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis.

A

Horners.

70
Q

Unilateral facial drooping, involving forehead.

A

LMN facial nerve palsy.

UMN facial nerve palsy would spare the forehead.

71
Q

Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis, failure to thrive, electrolyte imbalance, hypophosphataemic rickets.

A

Fanconi syndrome.

72
Q

Bluish line on gingiva.

A

Lead posioning.

73
Q

Periorbital/peripheral oedema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia (hypercholesterolaemia).

A

Nephrotic syndrome.

74
Q

Hypoxaemia, polycythaemia, hypercapnia.

A

Chronic bronchitis.

75
Q

Pink complexion, dyspnoea, hyperventilation.

A

Emphysema.

76
Q

Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis. Raised ACE.

A

Sarcoiditis.

77
Q

Optochin sensitivity

A

Sensitive; S pneumoniae.

Resistant; viridans streptococci.

78
Q

Bacitracin

A

Sensitive; S pyogene (Group A).

Resistant; S. agalatae.

79
Q

Ring-enhancing brain lesion on CT/MRI in AIDS

A

Toxoplasma gondii.

CNS lymphoma

80
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy.

A

Chagas disease - Trypanosoma cruzi.

81
Q

Heterophile antibodies.

A

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV).

82
Q

Atypical lymphocytes.

A

EBV.

83
Q

Thumb sign on lateral neck x-ray.

A

Epiglottitis.

84
Q

Delta wave on ECG, short PR, SVT.

A

WPW syndrome.

85
Q

Rib notching (on X-ray)

A

Coarctation of the aorta.

86
Q

Heart nodules (granulomatous).

A

Aschoff bodies of Rheumatoid fever.

87
Q

Alternative amplitude on ECG.

A

Pericardial tamponade.

88
Q

HTN, hypokalaemia, metabolic alkalosis.

A

Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn’s syndrome).

89
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs).

A

Microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis
with polyangiitis - Churg-Strauss (MPO-ANCAp/p-ANCA).

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis - Wegeners (PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA).

PSC (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA).

90
Q

Signet ring cell (mucin filled with peripheral nucleus).

A

Gastric carcinoma.

91
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies.

A

Coeliac disease.

92
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium X-ray.

A

“String sign” - Crohn disease.

93
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell - Mallory body.

A

Alcohol liver disease.

94
Q

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles.

A

Fatty liver disease.

95
Q

Anti mitochondrial antibodies.

A

Primary biliary sclerosis.

96
Q

low serum caeroplasmin.

A

Wilson disease.

97
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anaemia (B12 deficiency, folate deficiency).

98
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells; giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominant inclusions.

A

Hodkin lymphoma.

99
Q

“Punched out” bone lesions on X-ray.

A

Multiple myeloma.

100
Q

Monoclonal Ab spike.

A 
Multiple myeloma (IgG or IgA).
Primary amyloidsis.
101
Q

Rouleaux formation.

A

Multiple myeloma.

102
Q

Auer rods.

A

AML.

103
Q

Brown tumour of bone.

A

Hyperparathyroidism.

Osteitis fibrosa cystica.

104
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies.

A

Rheumatoid arthritis.

105
Q

Rhomboid crystals, positive birefringent crystals.

A

Pseudogout.

106
Q

Needle shaped, negative birefringent crystals.

A

Gout.

107
Q

Raised uric acid levels.

A

Gout, tumour lysis syndrome, thiazide diuretics.

108
Q

Bamboo spine on X-ray.

A

Ankylosing spondylitis.

109
Q

Antinuclear antibodies.

A

SLE.

110
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies.

A

Diffuse systemic sclerosis.

111
Q

Keratin pearls on skin biopsy.

A

Squamous cell carcinoma.

112
Q

Bloody/yellow tap on LP.

A

(Xanthochromia) SAH.

113
Q

RBC casts in urine.

A

Glomerulonephritis.

114
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies.

A

Goodpasture syndrome - glomerulonephritis and haemoptysis (Pulmonaryrenal syndrome).

115
Q

WBC casts in urine.

A

Acute pyelonephritis.

116
Q

“Honeycomb lung” X-ray/CT.

A

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis.

117
Q

Colonies of Pseduomonas in lungs.

A

Cystic fibrosis.

118
Q

Food posioning (rapid onset vomiting - exotoxin mediated).

A

S aureus, B cereus.

119
Q

Osteomyelitis.

A

S aureus.

120
Q

Opportunistic infection in AIDS.

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii.

121
Q

Myocarditis.

A

Coxsackie b.

122
Q

UTI

A

E coli.

May be Staphylococcus saprophyticus in young women.

123
Q

STD.

A

C trachomatis (usually coinfected with N gonorrhoea).

124
Q

S3 heart sound.

A

Increased ventricular filling pressure;
Mitral regurgitation.
Heart failure.

125
Q

S4 heart sound.

A

Hypertrophic ventricle;
Aortic stenosis.
Restrictive cardiomyopathy.

126
Q

Ejection click.

A

Aortic stenosis.

127
Q

Mitral valve stenosis.

A

Rheumatic heart disease.

128
Q

Cushing syndrome causes;

A

Iatrogenic.
Adrenocortical adenoma.
ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing’s disease).
Paraneoplastic.

129
Q

Refractory peptic ulcers, high gastrin levels.

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, associated with MEN1.

130
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury.

A

Cushing ulcer (raised ICP - vagal gastric H+ secretion).

131
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns.

A

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume -> sloughing of gastric mucosa).

132
Q

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon.

A

Skip lesions -> Crohn’s disease.

133
Q

Site of diverticula.

A

Sigmoid colon.

134
Q

Hereditary harmless jaundice.

A

Gilbert syndrome

135
Q

Microcytic anaemia.

A

IDA.

136
Q

Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever.

A

Hodgkin lymphoma.

137
Q

t(9;22).

A

Philadelphia chromosome -> CML, rarely associated with ALL.

138
Q

Vertebral compression fracture.

A

Osteoporosis.

139
Q

Actinic keratosis

A

Rough scaly patch on skin from sun exposure, Squamous cell carcinoma precursor.

140
Q

Obstruction of male urinary tract.

A

BPH.

141
Q

Difficulty drawing blood and high potassium readings.

A

Pseudohyperkalcaemia from lysis of cells during drawing blood.

142
Q

Auer Rods

A

AML

143
Q

Smudge cells

A

CLL

Year 3 medicine buzzword/phrases (1 decks)

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