USMLE rapid review Flashcards
abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
Budd-Chiari syndrome (post-hepatic venous thrombosis)
abdominal pain, diarrhea, leukocytosis, recent antibiotic use
Clostridium difficile infection
achilles tendon xanthoma
familial hypercholesterolemia (decreased LDL receptor signaling)
adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC
Waterhouse - Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)
anaphylaxis following blood transfusion
IgA deficiency
anterior “drawer sign” pos
anterior cruciate ligament injury
arachnodactyly, lens, dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
Marfan syndrome (fibrillin defect)
athlete with polycythemia
secondary to erythropoietin injection
back pain, fever, night sweats
Pott disease (vertebral TB)
bilateral acoustic schwannomas
Neurofibromatosis type 2
bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
black eschar on face of patient with diabetic ketoacidosis
Mucor or Rhizopus fungal infection
blue sclera
osteogenesis imperfecta (type 1 collagen defect)
blueish line on gingiva
burton line (lead poisoning)
bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
Pagets disease of bone (increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing
aortic reguritation
butterfly facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in young female
SLE
cafe au lait spots, lisch nodules (iris hamartoma), cutaneous neurofibromas, pheochromocytomas, optic gliomas
neurofibromatosis type 1, pheochromocytoma, optic glioma
cafe au lait spots (unilateral) polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities
McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G protein signaling mutation)
calf pseudohypertrophy
muscular dystrophy (mc Duchenne, due to x-linked recessive frameshift mutation of dystrophin gene)
cervical LAD, desquamating rash, coronary aneurysms, red conjunctivac and tongue
Kawasaki disease
cherry red spots on macula
tay-sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Neimann-Pick (shingomyelin accumulation) central retinal artery occlusion
chest pain on exertion
angina (stable: with moderate exertion, unstable: with minimal exertion or at rest)
chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI
Dresslers syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post MI fibrinous pericarditis, 2-12 weeks after acute episode)
chest pain with ST depressions on EKG
unstable angina (troponins -) or NSTEMI (troponins +)
child uses arms to stand up from squat
Gowers sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy)
child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body
“slapped cheeks” (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease parvovirus B19)
chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
Huntington disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)
chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications
congenital toxoplasmosis
chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria
McArdle disease (skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)
cold intolerance
hypothyroidism
conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; may be unilateral or bilateral)
continuous “machine-like” heart murmur
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition
myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves disease - pretibial)
cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasm
carcinoid syndrome (right sided cardiac valvular lesions, increase 5 HIAA)
dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS
Kaposi sarcoma, associated with HHV-8
deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
Kussmaul respirations (diabetic ketoacidosis)
dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
pellagra (niacin B3 deficiency)
dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition
wet berberi (thiamine B1 deficiency)
dog or cat bite resulting in infection
Pasturella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)
dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
Sjogren syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)
dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal SCC)
elastic skin, hyper-mobility of joints, increased bleeding tendency
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type V collagen defect, type III collagen defect seen in vascular subtype of ED)
enlarged hard left supraclavicular node
Virchow node (abdominal metastasis)
episodic vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss
Meniere disease
Erythroderma, LAD, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T cell lymphoma) or Sezary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood)
facial muscle spasm upon tapping
Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia)
fat, female, forty and fertile
cholelithiasis
fever, chills, HA, myalgia following antibiotic tx for syphilis
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochtetes results in endotoxin release)
fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
Measles (Rubeola)
fever, night sweats, weight loss
B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma
fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis with abnormal curvature
Peyronie disease (connective tissue disorder)
Golden brown rings around peripheral cornea
Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson’s dz)
gout, intellectual disability, self-mutilating behavior in a boy
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, x-linked recessive)
Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands/genitalia
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; increase cancer risk, mainly GI)
Hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, osteoporosis, aseptic necrosis of femur, bone crises
Gaucher disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
Alport syndrome (mutation in collagen IV)
hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amydala lesion)
Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present
UMN damage
Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasiculations
LMN damage
hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
“blue bloater” chronic bronchitis hyperplasia of mucous cells)
indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
nonpainful, chancre (primary syphilis, treponema pallidum); painful with exudate: chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
infant with cherry red spot on macula, hepatosplenomegaly, and neurodegeneration
Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)
Infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia
Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)
