USMLE rapid review Flashcards by Elizabeth Wade

abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly

Budd-Chiari syndrome (post-hepatic venous thrombosis)

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abdominal pain, diarrhea, leukocytosis, recent antibiotic use

Clostridium difficile infection

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achilles tendon xanthoma

familial hypercholesterolemia (decreased LDL receptor signaling)

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adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC

Waterhouse - Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)

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anaphylaxis following blood transfusion

IgA deficiency

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anterior “drawer sign” pos

anterior cruciate ligament injury

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arachnodactyly, lens, dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints

Marfan syndrome (fibrillin defect)

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athlete with polycythemia

secondary to erythropoietin injection

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back pain, fever, night sweats

Pott disease (vertebral TB)

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bilateral acoustic schwannomas

Neurofibromatosis type 2

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bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)

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black eschar on face of patient with diabetic ketoacidosis

Mucor or Rhizopus fungal infection

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blue sclera

osteogenesis imperfecta (type 1 collagen defect)

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blueish line on gingiva

burton line (lead poisoning)

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bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis

Pagets disease of bone (increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)

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bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing

aortic reguritation

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butterfly facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in young female

SLE

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cafe au lait spots, lisch nodules (iris hamartoma), cutaneous neurofibromas, pheochromocytomas, optic gliomas

neurofibromatosis type 1, pheochromocytoma, optic glioma

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cafe au lait spots (unilateral) polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities

McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G protein signaling mutation)

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calf pseudohypertrophy

muscular dystrophy (mc Duchenne, due to x-linked recessive frameshift mutation of dystrophin gene)

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cervical LAD, desquamating rash, coronary aneurysms, red conjunctivac and tongue

Kawasaki disease

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cherry red spots on macula

tay-sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Neimann-Pick (shingomyelin accumulation) central retinal artery occlusion

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chest pain on exertion

angina (stable: with moderate exertion, unstable: with minimal exertion or at rest)

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chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI

Dresslers syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post MI fibrinous pericarditis, 2-12 weeks after acute episode)

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chest pain with ST depressions on EKG

unstable angina (troponins -) or NSTEMI (troponins +)

child uses arms to stand up from squat

Gowers sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy)

child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body

"slapped cheeks" (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease parvovirus B19)

chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration

Huntington disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)

chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications

congenital toxoplasmosis

chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria

McArdle disease (skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)

cold intolerance

hypothyroidism

conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia

internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; may be unilateral or bilateral)

continuous "machine-like" heart murmur

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition

myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves disease - pretibial)

cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasm

carcinoid syndrome (right sided cardiac valvular lesions, increase 5 HIAA)

dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS

Kaposi sarcoma, associated with HHV-8

deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation

Kussmaul respirations (diabetic ketoacidosis)

dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea

pellagra (niacin B3 deficiency)

dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition

wet berberi (thiamine B1 deficiency)

dog or cat bite resulting in infection

Pasturella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)

dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis

Sjogren syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)

dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia

Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal SCC)

elastic skin, hyper-mobility of joints, increased bleeding tendency

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type V collagen defect, type III collagen defect seen in vascular subtype of ED)

enlarged hard left supraclavicular node

Virchow node (abdominal metastasis)

episodic vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss

Meniere disease

Erythroderma, LAD, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells

mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T cell lymphoma) or Sezary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood)

facial muscle spasm upon tapping

Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia)

fat, female, forty and fertile

cholelithiasis

fever, chills, HA, myalgia following antibiotic tx for syphilis

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochtetes results in endotoxin release)

fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash

Measles (Rubeola)

fever, night sweats, weight loss

B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma

fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis with abnormal curvature

Peyronie disease (connective tissue disorder)

Golden brown rings around peripheral cornea

Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson's dz)

gout, intellectual disability, self-mutilating behavior in a boy

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, x-linked recessive)

Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands/genitalia

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; increase cancer risk, mainly GI)

Hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, osteoporosis, aseptic necrosis of femur, bone crises

Gaucher disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)

Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts

Alport syndrome (mutation in collagen IV)

hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility

Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amydala lesion)

Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present

UMN damage

Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasiculations

LMN damage

hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia

"blue bloater" chronic bronchitis hyperplasia of mucous cells)

indurated, ulcerated genital lesion

nonpainful, chancre (primary syphilis, treponema pallidum); painful with exudate: chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)

infant with cherry red spot on macula, hepatosplenomegaly, and neurodegeneration

Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)

Infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia

Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)