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Boards Liz > USMLE rapid review > Flashcards

USMLE rapid review Flashcards

1
Q

abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome (post-hepatic venous thrombosis)

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2
Q

abdominal pain, diarrhea, leukocytosis, recent antibiotic use

A

Clostridium difficile infection

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3
Q

achilles tendon xanthoma

A

familial hypercholesterolemia (decreased LDL receptor signaling)

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4
Q

adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC

A

Waterhouse - Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)

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5
Q

anaphylaxis following blood transfusion

A

IgA deficiency

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6
Q

anterior “drawer sign” pos

A

anterior cruciate ligament injury

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7
Q

arachnodactyly, lens, dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints

A

Marfan syndrome (fibrillin defect)

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8
Q

athlete with polycythemia

A

secondary to erythropoietin injection

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9
Q

back pain, fever, night sweats

A

Pott disease (vertebral TB)

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10
Q

bilateral acoustic schwannomas

A

Neurofibromatosis type 2

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11
Q

bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

A

Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)

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12
Q

black eschar on face of patient with diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Mucor or Rhizopus fungal infection

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13
Q

blue sclera

A

osteogenesis imperfecta (type 1 collagen defect)

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14
Q

blueish line on gingiva

A

burton line (lead poisoning)

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15
Q

bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis

A

Pagets disease of bone (increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)

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16
Q

bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing

A

aortic reguritation

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17
Q

butterfly facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in young female

A

SLE

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18
Q

cafe au lait spots, lisch nodules (iris hamartoma), cutaneous neurofibromas, pheochromocytomas, optic gliomas

A

neurofibromatosis type 1, pheochromocytoma, optic glioma

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19
Q

cafe au lait spots (unilateral) polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities

A

McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G protein signaling mutation)

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20
Q

calf pseudohypertrophy

A

muscular dystrophy (mc Duchenne, due to x-linked recessive frameshift mutation of dystrophin gene)

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21
Q

cervical LAD, desquamating rash, coronary aneurysms, red conjunctivac and tongue

A

Kawasaki disease

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22
Q

cherry red spots on macula

A

tay-sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Neimann-Pick (shingomyelin accumulation) central retinal artery occlusion

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23
Q

chest pain on exertion

A

angina (stable: with moderate exertion, unstable: with minimal exertion or at rest)

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24
Q

chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI

A

Dresslers syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post MI fibrinous pericarditis, 2-12 weeks after acute episode)

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25
Q

chest pain with ST depressions on EKG

A

unstable angina (troponins -) or NSTEMI (troponins +)

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26
Q

child uses arms to stand up from squat

A

Gowers sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy)

27
Q

child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body

A

“slapped cheeks” (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease parvovirus B19)

28
Q

chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration

A

Huntington disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)

29
Q

chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications

A

congenital toxoplasmosis

30
Q

chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria

A

McArdle disease (skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)

31
Q

cold intolerance

A

hypothyroidism

32
Q

conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia

A

internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; may be unilateral or bilateral)

33
Q

continuous “machine-like” heart murmur

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

34
Q

cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition

A

myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves disease - pretibial)

35
Q

cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasm

A

carcinoid syndrome (right sided cardiac valvular lesions, increase 5 HIAA)

36
Q

dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS

A

Kaposi sarcoma, associated with HHV-8

37
Q

deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation

A

Kussmaul respirations (diabetic ketoacidosis)

38
Q

dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea

A

pellagra (niacin B3 deficiency)

39
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition

A

wet berberi (thiamine B1 deficiency)

40
Q

dog or cat bite resulting in infection

A

Pasturella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)

41
Q

dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis

A

Sjogren syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)

42
Q

dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia

A

Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal SCC)

43
Q

elastic skin, hyper-mobility of joints, increased bleeding tendency

A

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type V collagen defect, type III collagen defect seen in vascular subtype of ED)

44
Q

enlarged hard left supraclavicular node

A

Virchow node (abdominal metastasis)

45
Q

episodic vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss

A

Meniere disease

46
Q

Erythroderma, LAD, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells

A

mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T cell lymphoma) or Sezary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood)

47
Q

facial muscle spasm upon tapping

A

Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia)

48
Q

fat, female, forty and fertile

A

cholelithiasis

49
Q

fever, chills, HA, myalgia following antibiotic tx for syphilis

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochtetes results in endotoxin release)

50
Q

fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash

A

Measles (Rubeola)

51
Q

fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma

52
Q

fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis with abnormal curvature

A

Peyronie disease (connective tissue disorder)

53
Q

Golden brown rings around peripheral cornea

A

Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson’s dz)

54
Q

gout, intellectual disability, self-mutilating behavior in a boy

A

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, x-linked recessive)

55
Q

Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands/genitalia

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; increase cancer risk, mainly GI)

56
Q

Hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, osteoporosis, aseptic necrosis of femur, bone crises

A

Gaucher disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)

57
Q

Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts

A

Alport syndrome (mutation in collagen IV)

58
Q

hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility

A

Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amydala lesion)

59
Q

Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present

A

UMN damage

60
Q

Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasiculations

A

LMN damage

61
Q

hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia

A

“blue bloater” chronic bronchitis hyperplasia of mucous cells)

62
Q

indurated, ulcerated genital lesion

A

nonpainful, chancre (primary syphilis, treponema pallidum); painful with exudate: chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)

63
Q

infant with cherry red spot on macula, hepatosplenomegaly, and neurodegeneration

A

Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)

64
Q

Infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia

A

Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)

Boards Liz (1 decks)

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