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USMLE Micro Step 1 > Usmle Micro Step Deck > Flashcards

Usmle Micro Step Deck Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What removes short fragments of RNA base paired to DNA template

A

DNA polymerase I

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2
Q

HPV virus can affect what structure in larynx

A

true vocal cord

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3
Q

What white blood cells involved in mononucleosis (you would see these reactive on a slide)? List an enzyme they have.

A

NK T cell

perforin

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4
Q

What antibodies are developed in HBV vaccine, what implications of immunity does this have?

A

HbSAb –>HbSAg normally needed to enter hepatocytes, no entry = no infectivity

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5
Q

Reassortment

  • ->what viruses capable of this
  • ->shift or drift
A

orthomyxovirus, rotavirus, reo, bunya
segmented viruses capable
genetic shift

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6
Q

hydatid cyst + surgery
How can patient die
what organism
what are hosts

A

If cyst ruptured can lead to anaphylactic shock
Echinococcus (worm)
sheep, dog

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7
Q

What acute phase reactant can help you differentiate a bacterial vs viral source of infection

A

Procalcitonin (high if bacterial, low if viral)

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8
Q

Bacterial vaginitis

  • ->what is organism
  • ->possible treatments
  • ->how to test for it
A

gardnerella
metro or clindamycin
KOH (clue cells), positive whiff test, thin grey discharge

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9
Q

In a chemotherapy patient (or patient with a hematologic malignancy, what complication are you perhaps worried about the most

A

Febrile neutropenia

  • ->extemely low neutrophils can result in severe infection from otherwise benign organism (such as candida from normal flora –> candidemia)
  • ->even common sore throat is dangerous!
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10
Q

Can a low T cell count lead to candidemia

A

No, only superficial candidal infections will result from this
Candidemia is a result from low neutrophils

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11
Q

polypoidal lesions, spindle cell + bloody diarrhea in an HIV patient

A

kaposi sarcoma

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12
Q

vaccine to tetanus works by making antibodies to what

A

the toxin (NOT THE ACTUAL BACTERIA, the toxin is what causes disease)

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13
Q

tinnitis… what antibiotic do you think of first for side effect profile

A

aminoglycoside

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14
Q

what type of antibiotic has synergistic effect with aminoglycoside

A

beta lactams

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15
Q

what is MOA of olseltamivir

A

blocks neuraminidase; no virion release

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16
Q

how do majority of bacteria pass down genes for antibiotic resistance

A

plasmids

17
Q

what antibiotics result in weak peptidoglycan cell wall (3)

A

PCN, cephalosproins, vancomycin

18
Q

rifampin: what enzyme and what process in DNA synthesis does it effect

A

DNA dependent RNA polymerase

transcription

19
Q

branching tubular cells describes what

A

mold

20
Q

what temp do most dimorphic fungus become yeast

A

at human body temp 35-37 ; note that candida is yeast in cold not heat

21
Q

Leukemia or lymphoma treatment what mycoses?

A

aspergillus

22
Q

what fungus grows at 90 degree angle?

A

mucormycosis

23
Q

what fungus grows at 45 degree

A

aspergillosis

24
Q

what type of aspirgillus infection is likely with a history of either TB/emphysema/sarcoid

A

colonizing aspirgillosis

25
Q

What increases risk of systemic candidasis? WHat about local?

A

Low neutrophils –> Systemic

Low T lymphocytes –> local

26
Q

what type of necrosis is associated with mycobacterial or fungal infections of brain

A

caseous

27
Q

MOA azoles

A

inhibit ergosterol synthesis

note: cyp450 inhibitor

28
Q

MOA ampho b

A

binds ergosterol, forms holes in membrane

29
Q

sporothrix shenckii (lol can’t spell this) is spread in what distribution

A

lymphatic

30
Q

MOA flucystosine

A

block fungal precursors, converts to pyrimidines

31
Q

Tx of cryptococcus

A

BOTH ampho and flucystosine

32
Q

toxo vs cmv distribution (congenital)

A

toxo - intracranial calc cmv - periventricular calcifications

33
Q

bloody lumbar puncture =

A

HSV encephalitis

34
Q

virulence factors of measles

A

hemagluttinin and fusion protein

35
Q

subacute sclerosing pancencphalitis manifests how

A

occurs years after initial measles infections, usually presents in young adults, is neurodegenerative disease

USMLE Micro Step 1 (1 decks)

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