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USMLE Rapid Review > USMLE 1 Rapid Review > Flashcards

USMLE 1 Rapid Review Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)

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2
Q

Achilles tendon xantoma

A

Familial hypercholesterolemia (dec LDL receptor signaling)

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3
Q

Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC

A

Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)

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4
Q

Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joint

A

Marfans syndrome (fibrillin defect)

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5
Q

Athlete with polycythemia

A

EPO injection

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6
Q

Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

Pitt’s disease (vertebral tuberculosis)

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7
Q

Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

A

Sarcoidosis (non-caseating granulomas)

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8
Q

Blue sclera

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta (type 1 collagen defect)

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9
Q

Bluish line on gingiva

A

Burton’s line (lead poisoning)

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10
Q

Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis

A

Paget’s disease of bone (increased osteoblastic activity and osteoclastic activity, Mosaic lamellar bone)

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11
Q

Bounding pulse, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing

A

Aortic regurg

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12
Q

Butterfly facial rash, Rayauds in a young female

A

SLE

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13
Q

Cafe au last spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma), unilateral fibromas with spindle cells

A

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (+pheocromocytoma, optic gliomas)

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14
Q

Calf pseudohypertrophy

A

Muscular dystrophy, (MC Duchenne’s): X-linked recessive deletion of the dystrophin gene

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15
Q

“Cherry red” spot on macula

A

Tay Sachs (ganglioside accumulation, hexosaminidase A deficiency) or Neimann-Pick, central retinal artery occlusion

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16
Q

Chest pain on exertion

A

Angina (stable/unstable)

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17
Q

Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI

A

Dressler’s syndrome (AI post-MI fibrous pericarditis 1-12 wks after episode)

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18
Q

Child uses arms to stand up

A

Gower’s sign (Duchenne Musc dystrophy)

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19
Q

Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body

A

“Slapped cheeks” (erythema infectious/ 5th disease, Parvo19)

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20
Q

Rash that starts on face, moves to body

A

Rubella (German measles, RNA Rubella Virus)

Measles (Rubeola)

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21
Q

Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration

A

Huntington’s disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)

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22
Q

Cold intolerance

A

hypothyroidism

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23
Q

Continuous “machinery” heart murmur

A

PDA

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24
Q

Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition

A

Myxedema (dt hypothyroidism, Grave’s disease…)

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25
Q

Dark purple skin/mouth nodules

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma (AIDS assoc, HHV-8)

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26
Q

Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation in a diabetic

A

Kussmaul breathing (diabetic ketoacidosis)

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27
Q

Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea

A

Pellagra (B3, Niacin deficiency)

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28
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition

A

Wet beriberi (B1, Thiamine deficiency)

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29
Q

Dog or cat bite related infection

A

Pasteurella multocida cellulitis

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30
Q

Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis

A

Sjogrens syndrome

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31
Q

Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia

A

Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell Ca)

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32
Q

Elastic skin, hyper mobility of joints

A

Ehler’s Danlos syndrome (Type III collagen deficiency)

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33
Q

Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node

A

Virchows node (abdominal metastasis)

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34
Q

Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells

A

Sezary syndrome (cutaneous T cell lymphoma or mycosis fungoides

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35
Q

Facial muscle spasm on tapping

A

Chvostek’s sign (hypocalcemia)

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36
Q

Fever, chills, HA, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

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37
Q

Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash

A

Measles (morbillivirus)

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38
Q

Fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

B symptoms of lymphoma

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39
Q

Fibrous plaques on soft tissue of the penis

A

Peyronie’s disease

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40
Q

Gout, mental retardation, self-mutilation behavior on a boy

A

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linmked recessive)

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41
Q

Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea

A

Kayser-Fleischer rings (Wilson’s disease, copper accumulation)

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42
Q

Hamartomatous, GI polyps, hyper pigmentation of mouth, feet, hands

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis, can –> bowel obstruction, inc cancer risk, esp GI

43
Q

Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present

A

UMN damage

44
Q

Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations

A

LMN damage

45
Q

Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia

A

“Blue bloater” Chronic bronchitis

46
Q

Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion

A

Nonpainful: chancre, syphilis

Painful, with exudate: chancroid, H. ducreyi

47
Q

Infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoproscencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia

A

patau’s syndrome (trisomy 13)

48
Q

Failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegeneration

A

Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)

49
Q

Hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, hepatomegaly

A

Cori’s disease

50
Q

Infant microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands and structural heart defect

A

Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)

51
Q

Jaundice, palpable distended non-tender gall-bladder

A

Courvosier’s sign (distal obstruction of biliary tree)

52
Q

Large rash with bulls-eye appearance

A

Erythema migrans (lyme)

53
Q

Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury

A

Epidural hematoma (MMA rupture)

54
Q

Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B-cells

A

Bruton’s disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)

55
Q

Muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension

A

Becks trade of cardiac tamponade

56
Q

Multiple colon polyps osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth

A

Gardner’s syndrome (FAP subtype)

57
Q

Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance

A

Pope’s disease

58
Q

No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance

A

Sheehans syndrome pituitary infarction

59
Q

Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia

A

Multiple sclerosis

60
Q

Oscillating slow/fast breathing

A

Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea CHF or increased cranial pressure)

61
Q

Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia

A

Cold agglutination disease (AI hemolytic anemia caused by mycoplasma pneumonia or Mono)

62
Q

Painful pale, cold fingers/toes

A

Raynauds

63
Q

Painful, raised red lesions on pad of fingers/toes

A

Osler’s nodes (Infective endocarditis, immune complex deposition)

64
Q

Painless erythematous lesions on palms/soles

A

Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, septic emboli/microabscesses

65
Q

Painless jaundice

A

cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing the bile duct

66
Q

Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain, hematuria (in a child)

A

Henoch-Schoenlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)

67
Q

Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors

A

MEN I

68
Q

Periorbital / Peripheral edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia

A

Nephrotic syndrome

69
Q

Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation

A

“pink puffer” Emphysema, centriacinar (smoking), panacean (alpha-antitrypsin deficiency)

70
Q

Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets

A

Fanconi’s syndrome

71
Q

Positive anterior drawer sign

A

ACL tear

72
Q

Pruritic, purple, polygona planar papules and plaques

A

Lichen planus

73
Q

Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis

A

Horner’s syndrome

74
Q

Pupil accommodates but doesn’t react

A

Argyll Robertson pupil/ neurosyphilis

75
Q

Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends following GI/ URI

A

GBS

76
Q

Rash on palms and soles

A

Coxsackie A, secondary syphilis, Rocky mountain spotted fever (Rickettsia rickettsii)

77
Q

Red “currant jelly” sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients

A

Klebsiella pneumonia

78
Q

Red “currant jelly” stools

A

Acute mesenteric ischemia (adults)

Intussusception (infants)

79
Q

Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/ areola

A

Paget’s disease of the breast

80
Q

Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

81
Q

Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma

A

von hippel-lindau disease

82
Q

Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability

A

Parkinson

83
Q

Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers

A

Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis)

84
Q

Severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ

A

Rovings sign (acute appendicitis)

85
Q

Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness

A

Mcburneys sign (acute appendicitis)

86
Q

Short stature, increased incidence of tumors, leukemia, aplastic anemia

A

Fanconi’s anemia (genetic loss of DNA repair, often progresses to AML)

87
Q

Single palmar crease

A

Down syndrome

88
Q

Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility

A

Kartagener’s syndrome (dyne arm defect affecting cilia)

89
Q

Skin hyper pigmentation, hypotension, fatigue

A

Addison disease (inc ACTH)

90
Q

Small irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers

A

Koplik spots (measles, rubeola virus)

91
Q

Condyloma lata

A

syphilis

92
Q

Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails

A

bacterial endocarditis

93
Q

“strawberry tongue”

A

scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, TSS

94
Q

Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema

A

turner syndrome (45, XO)

95
Q

swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin

A

scurvy (Vit C deficiency)

96
Q

Systolic ejection murmur

A

Aortic stenosis

97
Q

Thyroid, parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma

A

MEN 2A

98
Q

Thryoid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis

A

MEN 2B

99
Q

Urethritis, Conjunctivitis, arthritis

A

reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27

100
Q

Vomiting blood following esophageal laceration

A

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

101
Q

Worst headache of one’s life

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

102
Q

HLA-B27

A

AS, Reiter’s, UC, psoriasis

103
Q

HLADR3/ DR4

A

DM type 1, RA, SLE

104
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

VSD, Pulm. stenosis, RV hypertrophy, dextroposed aorta

USMLE Rapid Review (1 decks)

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