Using Resources

Question 1

Ceramic

Answer 1

Non metal solid

Question 2

Ceramic properties

Answer 2

High melting point

Hard, Brittle, Insulators

Question 3

What are ceramics made from?

Answer 3

Not carbon

Question 4

Examples of ceramics

Answer 4

Clay

Glass

Question 5

Composite materials

Answer 5

Materials which are a mixture of two or more materials

Question 6

Low density polythene conditions to be made from ethene

Answer 6

Moderate Temperature, High Pressure, with Catalyst

Question 7

High density polythene conditions to be made from ethene

Answer 7

Lower Temperature, Lower Pressure, with a different Catalyst

Question 8

Thermosetting polymer

Answer 8

Cannot be remoulded as have strong cross links between chains

Question 9

Thermosoftening polymer

Answer 9

Individual polymer chains entwined together with weak forces between

Question 10

Polymer properties

Answer 10

Insulators, Flexbile, Mouldable

Question 11

What are composite materials made from?

Answer 11

Fibres/Fragments of one material surrounded by a matrix which acts as a binder

Question 12

Metal properties

Answer 12

Shiny, Malleable, Ductile, Conductive

Question 13

What is bronze made up of?

Answer 13

Copper and tin

Question 14

What’s brass made up of?

Answer 14

Copper and zinc

Question 15

What is pure gold described as?

Answer 15

24 carat

Question 16

Metals often used in Gold Alloys

Answer 16

Zinc
Copper
Silver

Question 17

Iron + oxygen +water —> ?

Answer 17

Hydrated iron (III) oxide

Question 18

Compound of rust

Answer 18

Hydrated iron (III) oxide

Question 19

Aluminium corrodes … than Iron

Answer 19

Less

Question 20

Aluminium forms a … when exposed to Oxygen and Water

Answer 20

Protective layer

Question 21

Ways of preventing rust

Answer 21

Painting/Coating with Plastic
Electroplating
Oiling/greasing
Sacrificial Method - Place a more reactive metal with the iron so that Water and Oxygen react with that instead

Question 22

Disadvantages of mining

Answer 22

Uses lots of energy
Scars the landscape
Produces a lot of waste
Destroys habitats

Question 23

Sustainability

Answer 23

Meeting the needs of present society without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs

Question 24

How are chemists helping reduce energy consumption?

Answer 24

Developing catalysts for industrial processes

Question 25

What is high grade ore?

Answer 25

Ore containing a large amount of a desired mineral

Question 26

What is low grade ore?

Answer 26

Ore containing a small amount of a desired mineral

Question 27

Bioleaching

Answer 27

Process of extraction of metals from ores using microorganisms

Question 28

Product of bioleaching

Answer 28

Leachate

Question 29

How is the metal extracted from the leachate in bioleaching?

Answer 29

Electrolysis or Displaced by a More Reactive Metal

Question 30

Phytomining

Answer 30

The process of extraction of metals from ores using plants. | Plants absorb the metal from the soil and it builds up in the leaves.

Question 31

How is the metal extracted in phytomining?

Answer 31

Harvesting, drying and burning the plants that have absorbed the metal which then needs to be electrolysed (or displaced by a more reactive metal)

Question 32

Disadvantage of Bioleaching & Phytomining

Answer 32

Very slow

Question 33

Advantage of Bioleaching & Phytomining

Answer 33

Less damaging to the environment than traditional methods

Question 34

Advantages of recycling

Answer 34

Less energy, Uses less finite material, Reduces waste going to landfill

Question 35

Glass is sorted into ... before recycling

Answer 35

Colour and chemical composition

Question 36

Stages of life cycle assessment

Answer 36

Extraction of Raw Material, Manufacture and Packaging, Use of Product, Disposal

Question 37

life cycle assessment

Answer 37

Looks at every stage of a product’s life to assess the impact it would have on the environment

Question 38

Suitable pH for Potable Water

Answer 38

6.5-8.5

Question 39

Step one of making potable water

Answer 39

Filtered with wire mesh

Question 40

Step 2 making potable water

Answer 40

Sand and Gravel Filtration

Question 41

Step 3 making potable water

Answer 41

Sterilisation

Question 42

Methods of sterilisation of water

Answer 42

Bubbling chlorine gas, Ozone, UV Light

Question 43

Methods of treating seawater

Answer 43

Desalination (distillation) | Reverse osmosis

Question 44

Process of reverse osmosis to treat sea water

Answer 44

Salty water passed through a membrane that only allows water molecules through Ions and larger molecules are trapped by the membrane so separated from the water

Question 45

Disadvantage of distillation and reverse osmosis

Answer 45

Requires a lot of energy so not viable for producing large quantities of water

Question 46

Sewage treatment step 1

Answer 46

Screening (Wire Mesh)

Question 47

Sewage treatment step 2

Answer 47

Sewage left in settlement tank and undergoes sedimentation

Question 48

Sedimentation

Answer 48

Heavier suspended solids sink to the bottom to produce sludge while the lighter effluent floats to the top

Question 49

In sedimentation what is sewage split into?

Answer 49

Sludge and Effluent

Question 50

Sewage treatment step 3

Answer 50

Effluent digested by aerobic bacteria

Question 51

Sewage treatment step 4

Answer 51

Sludge digested by anaerobic bacteria

Question 52

Products of digestion of sludge

Answer 52

Methane and fertiliser

Question 53

What does the haber process produce?

Answer 53

Ammonia

Question 54

Uses of ammonia

Answer 54

Fertilisers

Question 55

Haber process equation

Answer 55

N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃

Question 56

Haber process word equation

Answer 56

Nitrogen + hydrogen <==> ammonia (+ heat)

Question 57

How to obtain hydrogen

Answer 57

React methane with steam

Question 58

Catalyst used in the Haber process

Answer 58

Iron catalyst

Question 59

Temp used in haber process

Answer 59

450 Degrees Celcius

Question 60

Pressure used in haber process

Answer 60

200 atm

Question 61

The forward reaction in the Haber process is...

Answer 61

Exothermic

Question 62

The backwards reaction in the Haber process is

Answer 62

Endothermic

Question 63

Essential elements in fertilisers

Answer 63

nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK)

Question 64

Ammonia + nitric acid —>?

Answer 64

Ammonium Nitrate

Question 65

Use of ammonium nitrate

Answer 65

Fertiliser

Question 66

Industry Production of Ammonium Nitrate

Answer 66

Giant vats, high concentration

Question 67

Lab production of ammonium nitrate

Answer 67

Titration then Crystallisation, Low Concentration

Question 68

Phosphate rock + Nitric Acid—>?

Answer 68

Phosphoric acid + calcium nitrate

Question 69

Phosphate rock + Sulfuric Acid

Answer 69

Calcium sulfate + calcium phosphate

Question 70

Calcium Sulfate and Calcium Phosphate is a...

Answer 70

Single superphosphate

Question 71

Phosphate Rock + Phosphoric Acid—>?

Answer 71

Calcium phosphate

Question 72

Calcium Phosphate is a...

Answer 72

Triple super phosphate