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Chemistry gcse > Using Resources > Flashcards

Using Resources Flashcards

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1
Q

Ceramic

A

Non metal solid

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2
Q

Ceramic properties

A

High melting point

Hard, Brittle, Insulators

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3
Q

What are ceramics made from?

A

Not carbon

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4
Q

Examples of ceramics

A

Clay

Glass

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5
Q

Composite materials

A

Materials which are a mixture of two or more materials

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6
Q

Low density polythene conditions to be made from ethene

A

Moderate Temperature, High Pressure, with Catalyst

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7
Q

High density polythene conditions to be made from ethene

A

Lower Temperature, Lower Pressure, with a different Catalyst

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8
Q

Thermosetting polymer

A

Cannot be remoulded as have strong cross links between chains

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9
Q

Thermosoftening polymer

A

Individual polymer chains entwined together with weak forces between

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10
Q

Polymer properties

A

Insulators, Flexbile, Mouldable

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11
Q

What are composite materials made from?

A

Fibres/Fragments of one material surrounded by a matrix which acts as a binder

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12
Q

Metal properties

A

Shiny, Malleable, Ductile, Conductive

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13
Q

What is bronze made up of?

A

Copper and tin

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14
Q

What’s brass made up of?

A

Copper and zinc

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15
Q

What is pure gold described as?

A

24 carat

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16
Q

Metals often used in Gold Alloys

A

Zinc
Copper
Silver

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17
Q

Iron + oxygen +water —> ?

A

Hydrated iron (III) oxide

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18
Q

Compound of rust

A

Hydrated iron (III) oxide

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19
Q

Aluminium corrodes … than Iron

A

Less

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20
Q

Aluminium forms a … when exposed to Oxygen and Water

A

Protective layer

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21
Q

Ways of preventing rust

A

Painting/Coating with Plastic
Electroplating
Oiling/greasing
Sacrificial Method - Place a more reactive metal with the iron so that Water and Oxygen react with that instead

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22
Q

Disadvantages of mining

A

Uses lots of energy
Scars the landscape
Produces a lot of waste
Destroys habitats

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23
Q

Sustainability

A

Meeting the needs of present society without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs

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24
Q

How are chemists helping reduce energy consumption?

A

Developing catalysts for industrial processes

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25
Q

What is high grade ore?

A

Ore containing a large amount of a desired mineral

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26
Q

What is low grade ore?

A

Ore containing a small amount of a desired mineral

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27
Q

Bioleaching

A

Process of extraction of metals from ores using microorganisms

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28
Q

Product of bioleaching

A

Leachate

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29
Q

How is the metal extracted from the leachate in bioleaching?

A

Electrolysis or Displaced by a More Reactive Metal

30
Q

Phytomining

A

The process of extraction of metals from ores using plants.

Plants absorb the metal from the soil and it builds up in the leaves.

31
Q

How is the metal extracted in phytomining?

A

Harvesting, drying and burning the plants that have absorbed the metal which then needs to be electrolysed (or displaced by a more reactive metal)

32
Q

Disadvantage of Bioleaching & Phytomining

A

Very slow

33
Q

Advantage of Bioleaching & Phytomining

A

Less damaging to the environment than traditional methods

34
Q

Advantages of recycling

A

Less energy, Uses less finite material, Reduces waste going to landfill

35
Q

Glass is sorted into … before recycling

A

Colour and chemical composition

36
Q

Stages of life cycle assessment

A

Extraction of Raw Material, Manufacture and Packaging, Use of Product, Disposal

37
Q

life cycle assessment

A

Looks at every stage of a product’s life to assess the impact it would have on the environment

38
Q

Suitable pH for Potable Water

A

6.5-8.5

39
Q

Step one of making potable water

A

Filtered with wire mesh

40
Q

Step 2 making potable water

A

Sand and Gravel Filtration

41
Q

Step 3 making potable water

A

Sterilisation

42
Q

Methods of sterilisation of water

A

Bubbling chlorine gas, Ozone, UV Light

43
Q

Methods of treating seawater

A

Desalination (distillation)

Reverse osmosis

44
Q

Process of reverse osmosis to treat sea water

A

Salty water passed through a membrane that only allows water molecules through
Ions and larger molecules are trapped by the membrane so separated from the water

45
Q

Disadvantage of distillation and reverse osmosis

A

Requires a lot of energy so not viable for producing large quantities of water

46
Q

Sewage treatment step 1

A

Screening (Wire Mesh)

47
Q

Sewage treatment step 2

A

Sewage left in settlement tank and undergoes sedimentation

48
Q

Sedimentation

A

Heavier suspended solids sink to the bottom to produce sludge while the lighter effluent floats to the top

49
Q

In sedimentation what is sewage split into?

A

Sludge and Effluent

50
Q

Sewage treatment step 3

A

Effluent digested by aerobic bacteria

51
Q

Sewage treatment step 4

A

Sludge digested by anaerobic bacteria

52
Q

Products of digestion of sludge

A

Methane and fertiliser

53
Q

What does the haber process produce?

A

Ammonia

54
Q

Uses of ammonia

A

Fertilisers

55
Q

Haber process equation

A

N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃

56
Q

Haber process word equation

A

Nitrogen + hydrogen <==> ammonia (+ heat)

57
Q

How to obtain hydrogen

A

React methane with steam

58
Q

Catalyst used in the Haber process

A

Iron catalyst

59
Q

Temp used in haber process

A

450 Degrees Celcius

60
Q

Pressure used in haber process

A

200 atm

61
Q

The forward reaction in the Haber process is…

A

Exothermic

62
Q

The backwards reaction in the Haber process is

A

Endothermic

63
Q

Essential elements in fertilisers

A

nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK)

64
Q

Ammonia + nitric acid —>?

A

Ammonium Nitrate

65
Q

Use of ammonium nitrate

A

Fertiliser

66
Q

Industry Production of Ammonium Nitrate

A

Giant vats, high concentration

67
Q

Lab production of ammonium nitrate

A

Titration then Crystallisation, Low Concentration

68
Q

Phosphate rock + Nitric Acid—>?

A

Phosphoric acid + calcium nitrate

69
Q

Phosphate rock + Sulfuric Acid

A

Calcium sulfate + calcium phosphate

70
Q

Calcium Sulfate and Calcium Phosphate is a…

A

Single superphosphate

71
Q

Phosphate Rock + Phosphoric Acid—>?

A

Calcium phosphate

72
Q

Calcium Phosphate is a…

A

Triple super phosphate

Chemistry gcse (10 decks)

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