Using Resources

Question 1

what are the earths natural resources used for?

Answer 1

food, shelter, warmth, travelling

Question 2

what are finite resources

Answer 2

resources that cannot be replaced

Question 3

what are renewable resources

Answer 3

resources that can be reused

Question 4

what is bioleaching

Answer 4

where bacteria feeds on low grade copper and produces leachates

Question 5

what are leachates

Answer 5

solutions containing copper ions

Question 6

what is phytomining

Answer 6

plants that absorb copper ion are grown then burnt and the copper is extracted from the ash

Question 7

natural resources can be replaced by _____ equivalents

Answer 7

synthetic

Question 8

give an example of a synthetic alternative for wood

Answer 8

pvc or mdf

Question 9

what does sustainability mean

Answer 9

using a resource in a responsible way so that it reaches demands of current generation without denying other generations the same thing

Question 10

what are effects of mining and quarrying

Answer 10

erosion of rock or soil
destruction of wildlife
pollution of water sources
air pollution
soil contamination

Question 11

what does potable mean

Answer 11

safe to drink

Question 12

what makes water safe

Answer 12

having low levels of minerals, microbes and solid particulates

Question 13

what does pure water only contain

Answer 13

h2o molecules

Question 14

what is fresh water

Answer 14

rain that is collected in rivers, lakes and resovoiers

Question 15

what 3 things happen to water collected from rivers and resovoiers

Answer 15

filtered, sediments removed, sterilised

Question 16

how can water be sterilised

Answer 16

adding chlorine and ozone or using UV light

Question 17

give a method to test water purity

Answer 17

heat the water until all impurities evaporate

Question 18

what is the process of converting salt water to potable water called

Answer 18

desalination

Question 19

what process purifies water

Answer 19

distillation

Question 20

what is distillation

Answer 20

water evaporated then condensed in a condenser

Question 21

drawback of distillation

Answer 21

requires lots of energy

Question 22

what is a less expensive , energy saving method of distillation

Answer 22

flash distillation

Question 23

drawback of flash distillation

Answer 23

still very expensive

Question 24

what is reverse osmosis

Answer 24

where a permeable membrane separates dissolved salts

Question 25

benefit of reverse osmosis

Answer 25

does not to be heated

Question 26

drawback of reverse osmosis

Answer 26

water still needs to be pressurised and is expensive

Question 27

benefit of flash distillation

Answer 27

lower temp and reduced pressure

Question 28

benefit of distillation

Answer 28

boils large amount of water

Question 29

4 steps to obtaining clean water

Answer 29

screening, primary sedimentation, aerobic digestion, secondary sedimentation

Question 30

what happens when water is screened

Answer 30

large solids and grit removed through a metal grid

Question 31

what happens at primary sedimentation

Answer 31

solid sediments are left to settle to the bottom of the mixture and form a sludge. water obtained from top

Question 32

what happens at aerobic digestion

Answer 32

'good' bacteria feed on 'bad' bacteria in the effluent. oxygen constantly bubbled through the tank. the water also gets sterilised

Question 33

what happens at secondary sedimentation

Answer 33

good bacteria settle at bottom of tank as sediment. sediment is removed and water now safe

Question 34

what can biogas be used as

Answer 34

a fuel or treated to make methane

Question 35

how can the digestion of sewage sludge be sped up

Answer 35

using bacteria

Question 36

what does LCA stand for

Answer 36

life cycle assessment

Question 37

what does LCA assess

Answer 37

the environmental impact of a product during its life cycle

Question 38

what are lcas used for

Answer 38

compare products with similar functions to decide which are more economically sustainable

Question 39

when does the life cycle of a product start and end`

Answer 39

start- extraction of raw mats end- raw mats returned to environment

Question 40

what are the 5 stages if carrying out a LCA

Answer 40

raw mat extraction manufacture and packaging use/reuse/maintenance recycling/disposal transport throughout

Question 41

what are some factors to consider during a products LCA

Answer 41

water use co2 release use of fossil fuels use of renewables use of recyclables

Question 42

give 2 problems with LCAs

Answer 42

highly subjective some factors hard to measure hard to weigh up local impacts against global ones do not consider cost or product quality

Question 43

reduce

Answer 43

use less material in a product

Question 44

reuse

Answer 44

use products more than once

Question 45

recycle

Answer 45

processing pre made products rather than making them from scratch