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Using resources Flashcards

1
Q

where do natural resources come from

A

The earth sea and air

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2
Q

what are some examples of renewable sources

A

Trees
fresh water
food

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3
Q

what are some examples of finite sources

A

fossil fuels
nuclear fuels
minerals + metals found in ores

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4
Q

what are finite materials

A

they arent formed quickly enough to be considered replaceable

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5
Q

what is an example of natural product that has been replaced by synthetic products

A

rubber is extracted from the sap of a tree but man made polymers have been made which can replace rubber.

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6
Q

what is sustainable development

A

development that takes in account of the needs of present society but doe snot damage the lives of future generations

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7
Q

how can we improve coppers sustainability

A

by extracting it from low grade ores ( ores with not much copper in it)

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8
Q

what are the two methods scientists are using to increase the sustainability of copper

A
  • bio leaching
  • phytomining
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9
Q

how are metals recycled

A

by melting them and then casting them into a new product

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10
Q

how is glass recycled

A

crushed then melted to be reshaped.

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11
Q

what is the purpose of a life cycle assessment

A

to assess the environmental impact of products

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12
Q

what are teh four main stages of the life cycle assessment

A

getting raw materials
manufacturing and packaging
using the product
product disposal

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13
Q

how does extracting raw materials directly damage the environment

A
  • cutting down forests
  • digging huge mines
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14
Q

how does processing raw materials indirectly damage the environment

A

because of the huge amount of energy required
can also release pollutants

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15
Q

how can manufacturing and packaging damage the environment

A

uses a lot of energy
causes pollution - harmful fumes

chemical reactions used to make compounds from raw materials creates waste products - manufacturer must think how to dispose of them - etc turn them into useful chemicals

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16
Q

how can using a product damage the environment

A
  • how much damage is does in its life time
  • how long a product is used for - etc paper bag + expensive bag
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17
Q

how does product disposal damage the environment

A
  • products disposed on landfill - takes up space that could be used for nature and it could pollute land and water
  • energy used to transport waste to the land fill which causes pollutants
  • if products are incinerated it causes more pollution
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18
Q

what is the raw material for a plastic bag

A

crude oil

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19
Q

what are the limitations of life cycle assessment

A
  • making products require loads of different steps and it can be difficult to quantify all of them
  • Companies can manipulate their LCAs to look more favourable
    -It is difficult to compare different harms e.g. lung disease vs global warming
20
Q

what is potable water

A

water that is safe to drink

21
Q

why isn’t potable water pure

A

because in chemistry pure water would only contain h20 molecules but potable water often contains other dissolved substances

22
Q

What are the three criteria for water to be considered potable?

A
  • ph between 6.5 and 8.5
  • no microorganisms
  • the level of dissolved substances has to be low ( like salt)
23
Q

Where does the UK get most of its potable water from?

A

fresh water sources

24
Q

what are aquifers

A

areas of permeable rock under the ground that traps water

25
What are the benefits of relying on fresh water?
it is replaced frequently it is easy to access
26
when is rains where can water collect
as surface water as ground water
27
what are the steps in treating fresh water to make sure it is safe to drink
- filter through a wire mesh to get rid of large objects like bottles and twigs - pass water through sand or gravel which will filter out anything smaller things - lastly sterilise to kill any harmful bacteria
28
what are the different ways of sterilising fresh water to kill bacteria
expose it to ultraviolet radiation expose it to ozone bubbling chlorine gas through it
29
what is desalination
the process to extract potable water from sea water
30
what are the two processes of desalination
distillation and reverse osmosis
31
what is the major drawback of desalination
its uses loads of energy and is very expensive which makes them impractical when producing large quantities of water
32
why might some countries use desalination
in dry countries there is not enough surface or ground water so they instead use sea water
33
what is reverse osmosis
- salty water passed through a membrane that only allows water molecules through
34
what is an example of agricultural water waste
nutrient run-off
35
what is an example of domestic water waste
shower water toilet washing up
36
what is an example of industrial water waste
harmful chemicals
37
what has to be removed from sewage and agricultural waste water before the water is returned to the environment?
harmful microbes organic matter
38
Which gaseous product does the anaerobic digestion of sludge produce?
methane
39
what are the steps in the treatment of sewage
- screening - passed through gratings to remove anything large - goes into a settlement tank so heavier particles sit at the bottom and turn into sludge while the light particles settle at the top as effluent - aerobic digestion - air pumped through effluent to provide bacteria with oxygen - anaerobic digestion - sludge is sealed to prevent entry of air -
40
what does the anaerobic digestion do to the sludge
it breaks down the organic matter and releases methane
41
what can the methane be used for produced by anaerobic digestion
as an energy source as a fetiliser
42
what does the aerobic digestion do to the effluent
air is pumped through to make aerobic bacteria break down organic matte
43
Why is it hard to use more renewable energy resources, rather than fossil fuels?
Renewable energy is generally more expensive Many of our existing products (e.g. cars) require fossil fuels
44
describe bioleaching
bacteria used to convert copper compound in ore to souble copper compounds, seperating copper from ore in process. leachate (solution produced by process) contains copper ions which can be extracted by electrolysis
45
what is phytomining
- growing plants in soils that contain copper - plants cant use or get rid off copper so it builds up in leaves - plants can be dried,harvested or burned - ash contains souble copper compunds - which can be extracted by electrolysis
46
what are two methods that can be used to extract copper from leachate solutions
electrolysis displacement
47
what is one disadvantage of potable water
large amount of energy required

chem 2 (6 decks)

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