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SEP Chem Weydon > Using Resources > Flashcards

Using Resources Flashcards

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1
Q

What is most of the glass we use called

A

Soda - lime glass

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2
Q

How is soda-lime glass made

A

Heating a mixture of sand, sodium carbonate and limestone

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3
Q

What is borosilicate

A

A glass made of sand and boron trioxide

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4
Q

Why may borosilicate be used instead of soda lime glass

A

It has a higher melting point

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5
Q

How are clay ceramics made

A

Shaping wet clay and then heating

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6
Q

What does the properties of polymers depend on

A

The monomer units
Size of the chains
Molecular structure and density

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7
Q

What are thermosetting polymers

A

Polymers that contain strong covalent bonds between layers

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8
Q

What are thermosoftening polymers

A

Polymers that melt when heated

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9
Q

What are the properties of thermosetting polymers

A

Hard plastics
High melting point

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10
Q

What are are the properties of thermosoftening polymers

A

Soft plastics
Low melting point

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11
Q

Explain how potable water is produced from fresh water

A

Choose an appropriate source of water
Pass through filter beds
Sterilise to destroy harmful microbes

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12
Q

What do humans use resources for

A

Warmth,shelter, food and transport

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13
Q

What should drinking water contain for human consumption

A

Sufficiently low levels of dissolved salts and microbes

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14
Q

What is potable water

A

Water that is safe to drink

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15
Q

What does the rain in the UK provide

A

Water with a low levels of dissolving substances that connect in the ground, lakes and rivers

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16
Q

How is potable water produced

A

Choosing an appropriate source of water
Passing the water through filter beds
Sterilising

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17
Q

What sterilising agents can be used for potable water

A

Chlorine
ozone
ultraviolet light

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18
Q

What may be required of supplies of freshwater are limited

A

Desalination of salty water or seawater

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19
Q

How can desalination be carried out

A

Through distillation or reverse osmosis 

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20
Q

What’s the disadvantages of desalination

A

They require large amounts of energy

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21
Q

What is wastewater produced by

A

Urban lifestyles and industrial processes

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22
Q

What does waste water need before being released into the environment

A

Treating

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23
Q

What does sewage and agricultural waste water require removal of

A

Organic matter and harmful microbes

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24
Q

Industrial waste requires the removal of

A

Organic matter and harmful chemicals

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25
Q

What does sewage treatment include

A
  • Screening and grit removal
    - sedimentation to produce sewage sludge and effluent
  • Anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge
  • Aerobic biological treatment of effluent
26
Q

What are the methods of extracting low-grade ores

A

Bioleaching and phytomining

27
Q

What do the new ways of extracting low-grade ores avoid

A

Traditional mining methods of digging and moving and disposing amounts of rock

28
Q

Describe phytomining

A
  • Plants absorb the metal compounds
  • plants are harvested and then burnt to produce ash that contains metal compounds
29
Q

Describe bioleaching

A

Bacteria produce leachate solutions that contain metal compounds that can be processed to obtain the metal

30
Q

What do life-cycle assessments do

A

Assess the environmental impact of products

31
Q

What are the four stages of the life-cycle assessment

A
  • Extracting and processing raw materials
  • Manufacturing and packaging
  • Use an operation during its lifetime
    - Disposal at the end of its useful life including transport and distribution
32
Q

What is Corrosion 

A

The destruction of materials by chemical reactions with substances in the environment

33
Q

What is rusting

A

An example of corrosion which only applies to iron

34
Q

What is required for iron to rust

A

Air and water

35
Q

How can corrosion be prevented

A

Applying a coating that acts as a barrier such as grease paint or electroplating

36
Q

How was aluminium prevented from corrosion

A

Aluminium has an oxide coating

37
Q

What does coating a more reactive substance provide

A

Sacrificial protection

38
Q

What is an example of sacrificial protection

A

Galvanising zinc with iron

39
Q

What is Bronze an alloy of

A

Copper and tin

40
Q

What is brass and alloy of

A

Copper and zinc

41
Q

What is gold alloyed with in jewellery

A

Silver copper and zinc

42
Q

What is the proportion of gold measured in

A

Carats

43
Q

What is steel an alloy of

A

Iron with specific amounts of carbon and other metals

44
Q

What are the properties of high carbon steel

A

Strong but brittle

45
Q

What are the properties of low carbon steel

A

Softer and more easily shaped

46
Q

What does stainless steel contain

A

Chromium and nickel which are resistant to corrosion

47
Q

What are the properties of aluminium alloys

A

Low density

48
Q

What are the raw materials of the Haber process?

A

nitrogen and ammonia

49
Q

Where do they get the Nitrogen from for the Haber process?

A

the air

50
Q

Where do they get the hydrogen from for the Haber process?

A

methane

51
Q

What are the conditions for the Haber process?

A

Iron catalyst
450oC
200atm pressure

52
Q

How is the ammonia produced in the Haber process removed?

A

Cooled and liquified

53
Q

What happens to left over hydrogen and nitrogen in the Haber process?

A

Recycled back through the process

54
Q

Which compounds are used as fertilisers?

A

Those containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

55
Q

What 2 things are made using ammonia in the manufacture of fertilisers?

A

ammonium salts
Nitric acid

56
Q

What 2 potassium salts are obtained by mining?

A

Potassium chloride and potassium sulfate

57
Q

How is phosphate rock treated so that it can be used as a fertiliser?

A

Reacted with nitric acid or sulfuric acid to make soluble salts

58
Q

What salt is made when phosphate rock reacts with nitric acid?

A

Calcium nitrate

59
Q

What salt is made when phosphate rock reacts with sulfuric acid?

A

Single super phosphate

60
Q

What salt is made when phosphate rock reacts with phosphoric acid?

A

Triple super phosphate

SEP Chem Weydon (13 decks)

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