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Chemistry Paper 2 > Using resources > Flashcards

Using resources Flashcards

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1
Q

What is sustainable development?

A

Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

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2
Q

What term is used to describe natural resources that will run out if not managed carefully?

A

Finite

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3
Q

What is renewable resource?

A

Can be replaced at the same rate it is used up.

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4
Q

What is potable water?

A

Potable water is water that is safe to drink. It is essential for life and health.

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5
Q

How is potable water produced from the ground simply?

A

1.Choose a source of fresh water

2.Filter out solids

3.Sterilise to kill microbes

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6
Q

How do you obtain potable water from salty water? (Desalination)

A

Using distillation

Or reverse osmosis

REQUIRES LOTS OF ENERGY

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7
Q

How do you do the “Potable water from salty water” required practical?

A
  1. Test for ph using a universal indicator
  2. Test for dissolved solids once evaporated (measure mass)
  3. Purify the water by distillation.
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8
Q

How do we treat waste water?

A
  1. Screening and removing grit and other solids
  2. Sedimentation to produce sewage sludge and effluent.
  3. Anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge.
  4. Aerobic biological treatment of effluent.
  5. Sterilisation removing bacteria

Allowing water to be reused.

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9
Q

What are two possible uses of sewage sludge after further treatment?

A

Sewage sludge is broken down by anaerobic digestion.

It can then be processed further to make fertiliser or a source of renewable energy such as biogas.

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10
Q

Explain why it is more difficult to produce drinking water from waste water than from water in lakes.

A

water needs more / different processes [1]
because it contains any two from:
* more organic matter
* more microbes
* toxic chemicals or detergents [2]

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11
Q

Pure water can be produced by distillation. [1 mark]
Why is distillation not usually an economic method of treating water for
drinking?

A

High cost of energy/heating/uses a lot of energy [1]

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12
Q

How could the water be tested to show it is pure?
Give the expected result of the test for pure water.

A

Find the boiling point [1]

it should be at a fixed temperature of 100°C / if it is impure it will boil
at a temperature higher than 100°C [1]

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13
Q

Explain phytomining.

A
  1. Copper ions (metal ions) are taken up from the soil and stored in the plant.
  2. Plants are burnt
  3. Ash left behind containing copper compounds.
  4. Reacted with sulfuric acid to form copper sulphate solution.
  5. Using electrolysis you can get copper.
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14
Q

What is bioleaching?

A
  1. Bacteria is used to break down the copper compounds in soil
  2. Creating a solution of metal salt called a “Leachate”
  3. And you get the metal by electrolysis.
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15
Q

What are the advantages of Phytomining and bioleaching?

A

Removes toxic copper compounds from soil.

Mining is not required

Less waste rock

Less energy needed

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16
Q

What are the disadvantages of Phytomining and bioleaching?

A

Very slow

Copper compounds still need to be purified.

17
Q

What two methods can be used to extract copper from a solution of copper sulphate produced by bioleaching or phytomining?

A

Copper can be extracted from copper sulfate solution by either electrolysis or displacement.

18
Q

What two methods can be used to extract copper from a solution of copper sulphate produced by bioleaching or phytomining?

A

Copper can be extracted from copper sulphate solution by either electrolysis or displacement.

19
Q

What type of plants does phytomining depend on?

A

Plants that can absorb copper ions from soil.

20
Q

What does the Life cycle assessment assess?

A

Extracting and processing raw materials.

Manufacturing and packaging.

Use and operation during its lifetime.

Disposal at the end of its useful life.

21
Q

What are the 3 disposal methods?

A

Landfill

Incineration

Recycling / Reusing

22
Q

Why should batteries be recycled?

A

They contain metal compounds that are bad for the environment.

23
Q

What is biodegradable?

A

Can be broken down by microorganisms.

Chemistry Paper 2 (4 decks)

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