Using health services

Question 1

Greater reports of symptoms when stressed. Why?

Hint 4

Answer 1

We may believe we are more vulnerable to illness, and so we attend to our bodies more
May interpret stress symptoms as illness symptoms
May experience real symptoms, but the symptom is exaggerated (flu + stress = mega flu)
May flair up chronic conditions (e.g., ulcers)

Question 2

Pain research, what are the gender diffs?

Answer 2

In pain research – women report feeling discomfort at lower stimulus intensities than men and request sooner that a painful stimulus be terminated

Question 3

Cultural differences in back pain, what are the results?

Answer 3

Americans reported the greatest overall impairment, Italians and New Zealanders reported the second largest impairments, followed by Japanese, Columbian, and Mexican pain patients.

Question 4

Three conditions of viewing illness as serious?

Answer 4

Affect highly valued parts of the body or organs (eyes/face vs. trunk)
Limit mobility & daily activities
Cause pain

Question 5

What are the conceptions included in a good common sense model of illness?

Answer 5

Illness identity (name, symptoms);
cause;
Timeline (how long takes to appear & last);
Consequences (seriousness, outcomes)

Question 6

What are lay referral networks? what do they do? are they effective

Answer 6

“an informal network of family and friends who offer their own interpretation of symptoms”

Offer an interpretation of the symptom
Provide advice about seeking treatment
Recommend remedies
Recommend we consult another lay person

Yes, Looking for advice may reinforce a commitment to engage in healthy lifestyle

Question 7

Who seeks more health info online? do doctors think its helpful
term for hyper focus on this info

Answer 7

women (77) - men (66)
yes (96)
Cyberchondira

Question 8

Who is the first contact for health issues?

Answer 8

Pharmacists, prescribe over the counter fix

Question 9

After controlling for CHC and other factors who sees docs the most?
Gender diff

Answer 9

seniors

females more - more conditions, birth related, men don’t want to admit to symptoms

Question 10

Anglophones in quebec, perceptions of health care were?

significance of first language

Answer 10

perceived that there were fewer health care services in English than there actually were,
were less satisfied with the services offered
were less willing to use the services in the future;
also affected the way they rated their future health: rated it as significantly poorer than Francophones

Question 11

misusing health services

Answer 11

Complaints that are psychological rather than medical (2/3rds of physicians time)

Question 12

What are the kinds of treatment delay?

Answer 12

Appraisal delay - no paino
illness delay - eh that sucks but im not sick
utilization delay- need treatment but friends is on
total treatment delay - need to get divorced first

Question 13

what are the factors that erode communication between patient and doctor?
whats the study?

Answer 13

Setting
Providers’ behaviors
Patients’ behaviors
The interaction

69 interrupted patients - directed towards a disorder, only 23 got to finish explanation

Question 14

what are the consequences of a lack of feedback to doctors?

Answer 14

Greater risk for experiencing multiple preventable adverse events
Less likely to disclose use of complementary and alternative treatments
Fear negative response from physician
Crucial to preventing harmful treatment interactions/reactions
Only 22-36% disclose

Question 15

What are the three outcomes of a mismatch between patient’s desired amount of involvement and doctors assumption?

Answer 15

experience more stress during unpleasant procedures
less likely to follow advice (e.g., dietary changes)
can lead to a switch in doctors

Question 16

female practitioners provide more…

Answer 16

longer visits, 
more questions, 
more positive comments, 
more nonverbal support, and 
more likely to discuss preventative health behaviours

Question 17

What percent of healthcare users use CAM? who are they?

what are the issues?

Answer 17

70% Canadians have used CAM in their lifetime, and just over half have used in the past year
Most likely female, middle-age, highly educated
Greater number of chronic health complaints (less appealing to conventional physicians; manage, not cure)

Most CAM methods were not very successful, having helped the person “feel much better” (10-30% of cases)
2 treatments, chiropractic and deep-tissue massage were successful for back pain
Often have little/no scientific evidence of safety or effectiveness for treating specific disorders
If sufficient evidence, then becomes conventional care (e.g., folic acid to prevent birth defects)

Question 18

in which diseases is adherence the lowest?

Answer 18

Adherence lowest among pulmonary disease, diabetes, and sleep disorders