Using & Controlling Reactions: Chemical Industry

Question 1

Reaction Conditions (Chemical Industry)

Answer 1

• reaction conditions selected to produce maximum yield in the shortest time
• requires compromise between max yield, max rate & cost

Question 2

The Haber Process (Ammonia Production)

Answer 2

N2+3H2 2NH3 ^H=-92.4 kJ /mol
optimal conditions:
- high pressure: expensive, requires more energy, smaller volume of reaction vessel
- high concentration of reactants: ammonia continuously removed
- low temperature: pushes eqm to P side but slows the reaction rate, therefore moderate temp. used & catalyst added to speed up reaction rate

Question 3

Flow Charts

Answer 3

= displays steps in an industrial chemical process
materials are classified as:
- raw materials: substances converted by chemical &/ physical means into useful products
- waste products: products from chemical conversion processes which have no use or market
- by-products: products that are not the main products but have commercial value or a use in the process