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USH > USH Unit 4 (and end of 3) > Flashcards

USH Unit 4 (and end of 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Marbury v. Madison

A

William Marbury (midnight appt) – would he get his commission from being a judge
James Madison, secretary of state for Jefferson – can he be forced to hand over the commission?
Judiciary Act (law passed in 1789) gave the SC power to force Madison to give Marbury his commission.
SC said “We don’t have the power. Judiciary Act = unconstitutional”

Key Point: JUDICIAL REVIEW established

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2
Q

John Marshall

A

Established judicial review during Marbury vs Madison

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3
Q

judicial review

A

The Supreme Court’s ability to review acts of Congress and declare them unconstitutional

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4
Q

What was the Jeffersonian vision for the United States?

A

Agrarian economy
Simplicity
Limited power of Federalists

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5
Q

Did Jefferson as president live up to his Republican ideals of a restrained centralized government?

A

No, Jefferson’s actions after he became president were centralized
- He increased the size of the US Army exponentially
- He exercises strong national authority without the people’s opinion

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6
Q

How did the U.S. acquire the Louisiana territory? In what ways did Jefferson’s actions to purchase the territory contradict his ideals?

A

How?
- Didn’t want France to have New Orleans port (essential for American trade)
- Went to negotiate with France, and unexpectedly Napoleon Bonaparte offered all of Louisiana (needed money to fund his war efforts in Europe)
How did Jefferson’s action contradict his ideals?
- His “strict interpretation of the Constitution” would be challenged because there’s nothing in the Constitution that states his ability to buy this territory
- This massive land would contradict his ideals of an agrarian society

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7
Q

Causes of The War of 1812

A

(Madison is president) Continuing Tension in Europe, Conflict with the Natives, Desire for Florida (Look at study guide for more)

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8
Q

Andrew Jackson

A

Military leader - later became President
He played a crucial role in several battles during the War of 1812, notably the Battle of Horseshoe Bend and the Battle of New Orleans.

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9
Q

The Battle of Horseshoe Bend

A

1814 Jackson’s troops fought Native Americans and viciously won → tribe agreed to giving US land and Jackson became US general

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10
Q

Fort McHenry

A

Fort McHenry was the site of a crucial battle during the War of 1812 (The Battle of Baltimore).
Americans successfully defended it - “The Star-Spangled Banner”
Rise of war hero Jackson

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11
Q

Battle of New Orleans

A

1814 battle in Mississippi between GB and Jackson’s army - GB had heavy loses - GB retreated - peace treaty between US and GB
It occurred after the War of 1812 had officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent (ended the war).

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12
Q

Hartford Convention

A

Federalists met during the war of 1812. They discussed things they didn’t like against the War of 1812, critisizing James Madison and trying to get compensation for the damage caused by the war.
After the war ended this made the federalists look bad and led to a decline in their influence in U.S. politics

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13
Q

What was the “Indian problem” facing the country, and how did Jefferson attempt to solve it?

A

The US is expanding westward, and the Native land is being taken which is causing conflict.
Jefferson attempted to assimilate with the Natives and bring American culture into their lifestyle

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14
Q

What were the consequences of the war for:
British / U.S. relations
Nothing changed
Native Americans
Loss of Land
Federalists
Decline of influence, political fallout

A

British / U.S. relations
- Nothing changed

Native Americans
Loss of Land

Federalists
Decline of influence, political fallout

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15
Q

Why is the War of 1812 sometimes referred to as the Second War for American Independence?

A

Reinforced American sovereignty and secured the nation’s independence from Britain.

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16
Q

The Era of Good Feelings

A

Period during James Monroe’s presidency when national unity, political harmony, and economic prosperity were strong
1815-1825 (after the War of 1812)

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17
Q

Missouri Compromise

A
  1. Missouri would be a slave state, 2. Maine would be a free state
  2. Created imaginary line along Louisiana territory stating slavery would be prohibited north of this line other than Missouri
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18
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

US FOREIGN POLICY declaration made by Monroe
“America is off limits for further colonization by European powers”
- Any interference with US affairs is considered act of aggression, requiring US intervention

Significance
Nationalism, US growing powerful

19
Q

Corrupt Bargain

A

Presidential election of 1824
- No candidate got the majority of electoral votes (Even though Jackson got popular vots and electoral votes)
- So the president was determined by the HOR, and Henry Clay who got eliminated gave his support to John Quincy Adams, as a speaker of the HOR, who won the presidency (Over Jackson)
- Adams soon made Clay his Secretary of State (people saw this as his reward for his support)

20
Q

National Republican Party / Whigs (Led by JQA)

A

Overall - Stronger central govt
- Supported the American system (economic plan) - Henry Clay
1. Advocated for higher tariffs on imported goods
2. Establishment of a National bank
3. Internal improvements (roads, canals)

21
Q

Democratic Party (Led by Jackson)

A
  • Limited power of federal govt (fed gov = post constitution gov)
  • More power to the states
  • Against bank (threat to the common people)
22
Q

1828 presidential election

A
  • Jackson Wins - the rise of Jacksonian democracy.
  • His campaign portrayed him as a champion of the common people
  • Americans crowd US Capitol
  • Overflowed staterooms and messed up the rooms
  • The reign of King “Mob
23
Q

In 1820, a retired Thomas Jefferson wrote this letter to a friend that references the Missouri Compromise. What worries does Jefferson express?

A
  • The compromise will decrease unity and increase division
  • This is only a temporary solution
  • The nation is in a difficult situation regarding slavery, unable to safely resolve the issue
24
Q

Jackson’s inauguration

A
  • He was the champion of the common man and brought a populist approach to the presidency.
  • Symbol of democracy rather than an instigator of it
  • Follows the majority
25
Q

what might the Founding Fathers not like about the Jacksonian Era?

A
  • “Follies of Democracy”
  • Electors are electing whoever the population votes for now
  • If everyone’s opinions matter, then the opinions of the stupid people will too
26
Q

spoils system

A
  • Jackson rewarded political supporters with government positions.
  • This practice replaced existing officeholders with Jackson supporters, leading to concerns about corruption.
27
Q

John C. Calhoun

A

VP of Jackson
Advocated for state’s rights
Associated with nullification

28
Q

Nullification

A

States can nullify laws if they don’t like them
States can veto legislation

29
Q

Trail of Tears

A
  • Indian Removal Act forced the relocation of Native American tribes from their ancestral lands to territories west of the Mississippi River.
  • The journey became known as the Trail of Tears due to the immense suffering and loss of life among the tribes.
30
Q

How did “the franchise” (the right to vote) expand in the 1820s? In what ways was this democratization incomplete?

A

Expansion of voting rights for white men, but incomplete as it excluded women, Native Americans, African Americans

31
Q

What is the theory of nullification?

A
  • States have the right to nullify laws they deem unconstitutional.
  • This theory was popularized by John C. Calhoun from South Carolina who argued for nullification
32
Q

Assess Jackson’s leadership during the nullification crisis.

A

Jackson supports Federalist idea : no nullification
- He is associated with state power to an extent
- In favor of the union
- Didn’t like Calhoun (may have affected his decision)
Calhoun wants nullification (SC)
- SC was facing a tariff they didn’t like so they threatened secession
- Calhoun suggested nullification
Jackson is right because if one state doesn’t pay taxes why should I?

33
Q

What was Jackson’s policy toward the Indians?

A

Jackson believed in the relocation of Native American tribes - it would protect N.A. from white settlers and preserve their culture

34
Q

Why did Jackson object to the Bank of the United States (federal bank) and how did he destroy it?

A
  • He said it favored the wealthy and not the common people.
  • Jackson favored hard money over soft money
  • Jackson gradually withdrew l funds from the bank and redistributed the money to state banks.
  • He vetoed the Bank in 1832, leading to a decline in the Bank’s influence
35
Q

Why do you think Jackson’s critics referred to him as King Andrew the First?

A

His abuse of his power resembled a monarch rather than a democratic leader.

36
Q

Why the rise of “king cotton”?

A
  • Decline in tobacco production
  • Industrial revolution - demand for cotton
  • Invention of cotton engine - makes it easier to separate seed from cotton (still need slaves to pick)
37
Q

Why did the antebellum south do so little to develop a larger industrial and commercial economy of its own

A

If it aint broke don’t fix it
Agriculture is booming

38
Q

Why did the south remain so different from the North?

A

The rich slave owners exercise most of the power/influence
Owning slaves seen as status
Racism
Even non slave owners benefited from the slave economy

39
Q

Seneca Falls Convention

A
  • Women’s rights convention for women’s suffrage
  • This convention produced the declaration of sentiments
  • Called for equal rights and suffrage
40
Q

William Lloyd Garrison

A
  • Abolitionist
  • Known for his newspaper “The Liberator”
  • used as a platform to denounce slavery and promote racial equality.
41
Q

David Walker

A

African American abolitionist
Made “Walker’s Appeal” pamphlet
Called for enslaved people to revolt

42
Q

Frederick Douglass

A

Enslaved -> escaped -> becomes a prominent abolitionist

43
Q

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

A
  • Novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe published 1852
  • Showed harsh realities of slavery and the cruelty inflicted upon enslaved individuals.
  • Increased support for abolitionism

USH (4 decks)

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