USH 1 Midterm

Question 1

Federalist John Adams won by three votes, and as the second-highest vote-getter in the electoral college, Thomas Jefferson became vice president

Answer 1

Presedential Election of 1796

Question 2

The election was a realigning election that ushered in a generation of Democratic-Republican Party rule and the eventual demise of the Federalist Party in the First Party System

Answer 2

1800 Election

Question 3

Presidential election in which Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams

Answer 3

Presedential Election of 1800

Question 4

Congress could request funds from the states but could not enact any tax without every state’s approval and could not regulate interstate or overseas commerce was the main problem of

Answer 4

Articles of Confederation

Question 5

A war of Indian extermination waged by farmers in Virginia, led by Nathaniel Bacon, in 1676. The rebels burned the capital and forced Governor Berkeley to flee, but the rebellion fizzled when Bacon died later that year

Answer 5

Bacon’s Rebellion

Question 6

A conflict that took place on March 5, 1770, when an angry crowd of poor and working-class Bostonians protested a British soldier’s abusive treatment a few hours earlier of a Boston apprentice who was trying to collect a debt from the officer. Shots rang out, and as a result, four Bostonians lay dead and seven more were wounded, one mortally

Answer 6

Boston Massacre

Question 7

The early American colonists who had immigrated from Europe followed the standards of education that used in the ‘mother countries’ and were based on wealth and class

Answer 7

Colonial Education

Question 8

They believed the Articles of Confederation were endangering the nation

Answer 8

The Favor of The Constitution Ratification

Question 9

They feared the National Government would have too much power, and the state legislatures were better for citizen’s freedom

Answer 9

The Opposition of The Constitution Ratification

Question 10

Paper currency issued by the Continental Congress in 1775 to help fund the American Revolutionary War

Answer 10

Continentals

Question 11

The cult of domesticity, also known as the cult of true womanhood (by people who like it), is a view about women in the 1800s. They believed that women should stay at home and should not do any work outside of the home

Answer 11

Cult of Domesticity

Question 12

Proposed by the Second Continental Congress, this document proclaimed independence of the Thirteen Colonies from British rule

Answer 12

Declaration of Independence

Question 13

A person who believes that God created the universe and then abandoned it

Answer 13

Deists

Question 14

Landowners turned to African slaves as a more profitable and ever-renewable source of labor and the shift from indentured servants to racial slavery had begun

Answer 14

Effects of Indentured Servitude

Question 15

Device created by Eli Whitney to make it easier to separate cotton seeds from the cotton itself; credited with reviving slavery at a time when it was in decline

Answer 15

Cotton Gin

Question 16

This law prohibited vessels from leaving American ports for foreign ports. Technically, it prohibited only exports, but its practical effect was to stop imports as well, for few foreign ships would venture into American ports if they had to leave without cargo

Answer 16

Embargo Act of 1807

Question 17

A European ideological movement beginning in the seventeenth and eighteenth century that stressed reason and scientific inquiry, as well as individualism

Answer 17

Enlightenment

Question 18

Group of representatives appointed by the legislatures of a dozen North American colonies of Great Britain

Answer 18

First Continental Congress

Question 19

An evangelical Protestant religious revival movement that swept through Europe and the American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s

Answer 19

First Great Awakening

Question 20

A Puritan church document; that in 1662 allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church; It lessened the difference between the “elect” members of the church from the regular members; Women soon made up a larger portion of Puritan congregations

Answer 20

Halfway Covenant

Question 21

This “System” consisted of three mutually reinforcing parts: a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other “internal improvements” to develop profitable markets for agriculture

Answer 21

Henry Clay’s American System

Question 22

The first legislative assembly of elected representatives in North America

Answer 22

The House of Burgesses

Question 23

The practice of forcing civilians into military service. It was used widely by the British, and antagonized Americans, in the years leading up to the War of 1812

Answer 23

Impressment

Question 24

The first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia

Answer 24

Jamestown Virginia

Question 25

Governor of Massachusetts Bay colony who wrote “A Model of Christian Charity.”

Answer 25

John Winthrop

Question 26

Winthrop believed state was responsible for enforcing religious laws. Winthrop helped to establish a commonwealth where voting was limited to male church members and he generally favored rule by an aristocratic elite, subject to some democratic control

Answer 26

John Winthrop’s Favor

Question 27

Written by Madison, the first declared that state legislatures had never surrendered their right to judge the constitutionality of federal actions and that they retained an authority called interposition, which enabled them to protect the liberties of their citizens. Written by Jefferson, the second declared that ultimate sovereignty rested with the states, which empowered them to “nullify” federal laws to which they objected

Answer 27

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Question 28

Established uniform procedures for surveying land north of the Ohio River. The law established a township of six miles square as the basic unit of settlement. Every township would be subdivided into 36 sections of 640 acres each, one of which would be reserved as a source of income for schools. It imposed an arbitrary grid of straight lines and right angles across the landscape that conformed to European–American notions of private property while utterly ignoring the land’s natural features

Answer 28

Ordinance of 1785

Question 29

Defined the steps for the creation and admission of new states. It designated the area north of the Ohio River as the Northwest Territory and provided for its later division into states. It forbade slavery while the region remained a territory, although citizens could legalize the institution after statehood

Answer 29

Ordinance of 1787

Question 30

Largest city state in Mesoamerica

Answer 30

Teotihuacán

Question 31

Expedition led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the Louisiana Territory. Jefferson instructed Lewis to trace the Missouri River to its source, cross the western highlands, and follow the best water route to the Pacific. He ordered Lewis to learn about Indian languages and customs, climate, plants, birds, reptiles, and insects

Answer 31

Lewis & Clark Expedition

Question 32

The battles of Lexington and Concord initiated the Revolutionary War between the American colonists and the British

Answer 32

Lexington and Concord

Question 33

The United States bought the Louisiana Territory (the area from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains) from France in 1803 for $15 million. The purchase virtually doubled the area of the United States at a cost, omitting interest, of thirteen and one-half cents an acre

Answer 33

Louisiana Purchase

Question 34

This court case ruled that, although Madison should have delivered Marbury’s commission, he was under no legal obligation to do so because part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 that had granted the Court the authority to issue such a writ was unconstitutional

Answer 34

Marbury v Madison

Question 35

They developed a written language of hieroglyphs and invented the mathematical concept of zero

Answer 35

Mayans Major Advancement

Question 36

A document written by the Pilgrims establishing themselves as a political society and setting guidelines for self-government

Answer 36

Mayflower Compact

Question 37

The theory that holds that each nation’s power was measured by its wealth, especially in gold. To secure wealth, a country needed to maximize its sale of goods abroad in exchange for gold while minimizing foreign purchases paid for gold

Answer 37

Mercantilism

Question 38

A sermon that focused on how the Puritan settlers should treat one another to help each other - and the colony - survive

Answer 38

Model of Christian Charity

Question 39

The doctrine that proclaimed three key principles: that unless American interests were involved, U.S. policy was to abstain from European wars; that the “American continents” were not “subjects for future colonization by any European power”; and that the United States would construe any attempt at European colonization in the New World as an “unfriendly act.”

Answer 39

Monroe Doctrine

Question 40

Where was Pre-Columbian America Centralized

Answer 40

Mesoamerica and the Andean region

Question 41

Harvard was founded to train its students to know God and Jesus Christ and to seek God’s wisdom. Yale was founded to provide an orthodox alternative after Harvard’s evangelical for her head cooled

Answer 41

Founding of Harvard and Yale

Question 42

A reform movement within the church of England during the 16th and 17th centuries

Answer 42

Puritanism

Question 43

Undeclared war fought entirely at sea between the United States and France from 1798 to 1800

Answer 43

Quasi War

Question 44

Believing that they would benefit militarily by allying themselves with a powerful nation

Answer 44

Reason for American Revolution Foreign Alliance

Question 45

The American Indians were fighting to maintain control of their land and their cultural future

Answer 45

Reason for The French and Indian War

Question 46

A system of government in which power derives from the people, and in which virtuous citizens are counted on to sacrifice self-interest for the greater good

Answer 46

Republicanism

Question 47

A religious revival movement that began in Connecticut in the 1790s. It featured gigantic revival meetings in many parts of the country in which members of several denominations gathered together in sprawling open-air camps for up to a week to hear revivalists proclaim that the Second Coming of Jesus was near and that the time for repentance was now

Answer 47

Second Great Awakening

Question 48

Made it a crime for American citizens to “print, utter, or publish… any false, scandalous, and malicious writing” about the government

Answer 48

Sedition Act

Question 49

An ideology about gender roles that emerged in the nineteenth century, which defined men’s roles as in the public worlds of work and politics, and women’s roles within the private realms of home and family

Answer 49

Seperate Spheres

Question 50

An event in which a group of small farmers protested taxes and the use of species. The group, led by Daniel Shays, managed to shut down the courts in five counties in Massachusetts but were turned back by troops at the federal arsenal of Springfield in 1786–1787

Answer 50

Shay’s Rebellion

Question 51

It stated that the Alien and Sedition Acts violated the constitution and that the states could nullify any federal laws that were unconstitutional

Answer 51

Significance of the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Question 52

Gaining profit by forcing people to provide labor, sex, service, and/or organs against their will

Answer 52

Slave Labor

Question 53

Between 1519 and 1521, Spanish conquistadors, led by Hernán Cortés, overthrew the Aztec Empire

Answer 53

Spanish Conquest of America

Question 54

The Act resulted in violent protests in America and the colonists argued that there should be “No Taxation without Representation” and that it went against the British constitution to be forced to pay a tax to which they had not agreed through representation in Parliament

Answer 54

Stamp Act Opposition

Question 55

Eliminated all remaining import duties on tea entering England and thus lowered the selling price to customers

Answer 55

Tea Act

Question 56

The capital of the largest early state (Mesoamerica)

Answer 56

Teotihuacán

Question 57

Hamilton argued the general welfare clause justified his program but Jefferson insisted on strict construction of the Constitution

Answer 57

Jefferson Hamilton Bargain

Question 58

Passed in June and July 1767, these taxed glass, paint, lead, paper, and tea imported to the colonies from England

Answer 58

Townshend Duties

Question 59

Signed on Christmas Eve 1814, it restored the status quo ante bellum (the state of things before the war); the United States neither gained nor lost territory. Several additional issues, including fixing a boundary between the United States and Canada, were referred to joint commissions for future settlement. Nothing was done about impressment, but the end of the war in Europe made neutral rights a dead issue

Answer 59

Treaty of Ghent 1814

Question 60

Ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years’ War between Great Britain and France, as well as their respective allies

Answer 60

Treaty of Paris 1763

Question 61

A bicameral legislature, the House of Burgesses became a model for Congress and the FIRST representative body in America

Answer 61

Virginia House of Burgesses

Question 62

A theory proposed by Greenville stating that every member of Parliament represented every British citizen, even the colonists

Answer 62

Virtual Representation

Question 63

A war between the U.S. and Great Britain caused by American outrage over the impressment of American sailors by the British, the British seizure of American ships, and British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans on the western frontier

Answer 63

War of 1812

Question 64

Who were the wealthiest people in Pre- Revolution America

Answer 64

Northern merchants and southern planters

Question 65

A civil insurrection in 1794 where one hundred men attacked a U.S. marshal serving sixty delinquent taxpayers with summonses to appear in court at Philadelphia. A crowd of five hundred burned the chief revenue officer’s house after a shoot-out with federal soldiers assigned to protect him

Answer 65

Whiskey Rebellion

Question 66

Who was main diplomat in Washington’s cabinet

Answer 66

Thomas Jefferson

Question 67

An incident in which French agents attempted to get a bribe and loans from US diplomats in exchange for an agreement that French privateers would no longer attack American ship

Answer 67

XYZ Affair