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Antibiotics > Uses > Flashcards

Uses Flashcards

1
Q

4 C antibiotics

A

Clindamycin
Cephalosporins
Co-amoxiclav
Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin)

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2
Q

Meningitis

A

ceftriaxone and IV dexamethasone
+ acyclovir if encephalitis suspected
+ amoxicillin if immunocomprimised or <3mths / >60yrs (listeria cover)

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3
Q

Contact prophylaxis for meningitis

A

7 days before onset
Oral ciprofloxacin or rifampicin

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4
Q

Exacerbation of chronic bronchitis

A

Amoxicillin or tetracycline or clarithromycin

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5
Q

Uncomplicated CAP

A

Amoxicillin (Doxycycline or clarithromycin in penicillin allergic, add flucloxacillin if staphylococci A suspected e.g. In influenza)
Severe - co-amoxiclav +doxycylcline

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6
Q

Atypical pneumonia

A

Clarithromycin

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7
Q

HAP

A

Within 5 days of admission: co-amoxiclav or cefuroxime
More than 5 days after admission: piperacillin with tazobactam OR a broad-spectrum cephalosporin (e.g. ceftazidime) OR a quinolone (e.g. ciprofloxacin)

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8
Q

Lower UTI

A

Trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin. (3/7 days) Alternative: amoxicillin or cephalosporin

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9
Q

Acute pyelonephritis

A

Co-trimoxazole or co-amoxiclav
Broad-spectrum cephalosporin or quinolone

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10
Q

Acute prostatitis

A

Quinolone or Trimethoprim

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11
Q

Impetigo

A

Topical hydrogen peroxide, oral flucloxacillin or erythromycin if widespread

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12
Q

Cellulitis

A

Flucloxacillin 5-7 days (clarithromycin, erythromycin or doxycycline if penicillin-allergic)

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13
Q

Orbital cellulitis (near eyes or nose)

A

IV flucloxacillin, ceftrixone +/- metronidazole

step down = oral co-amoxiclav

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14
Q

Erysipelas

A

Flucloxacillin (clarithromycin, erythromycin or doxycycline if penicillin-allergic)

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15
Q

Animal or human bite

A

Co-amoxiclav (doxycycline + metronidazole if penicillin-allergic)

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16
Q

Mastitis during breast-feeding

A

If symptoms don’t improve after 12-24 hrs then use flucloxacillin or clindamycin

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17
Q

Throat infections

A

FeverPAIN >3
Centor criteria
Phenoxymethylpenicillin 5 days (claryth/erythromycin alone if penicillin-allergic)

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18
Q

Sinusitis

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

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19
Q

Otitis media

A

Amoxicillin (erythromycin if penicillin-allergic)

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20
Q

Otitis externa

A

Combined topical antibiotic and corticosteroid (mild/moderate)
Flucloxacillin (erythromycin if penicillin-allergic)

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21
Q

Periapical or periodontal abscess

A

Amoxicillin

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22
Q

Gingivitis: acute necrotising ulcerative

A

Metronidazole

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23
Q

Gonorrhoea

A

Intramuscular ceftriaxone

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24
Q

Chlamydia

A

doxycycline 100mg bd (7days) or azithromycin (3days)

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25
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

Oral ofloxacin + oral metronidazole or intramuscular ceftriaxone + oral doxycycline + oral metronidazole

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26
Q

Syphilis

A

Benzathine benzylpenicillin or doxycycline or erythromycin

27
Q

BV

A

Oral or topical metronidazole or topical clindamycin

28
Q

Clostridioides difficile

A

First episode: oral vancomycin
Second or subsequent episode of infection: oral fidaxomicin

29
Q

Campylobacter enteritis

A

Clarithromycin

30
Q

Salmonella (non-typhoid) or Shigellosis

A

Ciprofloxacin

31
Q

Name 3 antibiotics that target RNA synthesis

A

Rifampicin
Ethambutol
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide

32
Q

Tetracyclines

A

doxycycline, tetracycline

33
Q

Macrolides

A

erythromycin
azithromycin
clarithromycin

34
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

gentamycin
tobramycin
streptomycin

35
Q

Cephalosporins

A

cefuroxime
ceftriaxone
cefacalor

36
Q

Fluroquinolones

A

ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin
gemifloxacin

37
Q

Rifampicin side effects

A

orange pee and sweat

38
Q

Isoniazid side effects

A

hepatitis and neuropathy

39
Q

Pyrazinamide side effects

A

hepatitis and joint pain

40
Q

Ethambutol side effects

41
Q

Gent covers

A

gram negatives

42
Q

Metronidazole covers

43
Q

Penicillin allergic sepsis of unknown origin Abx

A

IV vancomycin, metronidazole and gentamycin

44
Q

Endocarditis

A

amoxicillin + gentamycin

45
Q

acute native valve endocarditis Abx

A

flucloxacillin

46
Q

prosthetic valve / suspected MRSA endocarditis Abx

A

vancomycin + gentamicin

47
Q

open fracture prophylaxis Abx

A

Cefuroxime 1.5g every 8 hrs max 3 days (start within 3 hrs)

48
Q

Diabetic foot infection

A

mild - PO flucloxacillin (7days)

mod - flucloxacillin + metronidazole (7days)

49
Q

C Diff

A

non-severe - metronidazole (10 days)

severe - vancomycin +/- metronidazole (10 days)

50
Q

Recurrent C.Diff infection within 12 wks of positive stool test

A

Fidaxomicin 10 days

51
Q

Breast abscess

A

Flucloxacillin or clindamycin (7-10 days) + drainage

52
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis

A

topical chloramphenicol

53
Q

Endophthalmitis

A

intravitreal vancomycin + ceftazidime

54
Q

doxycycline and tetracycline side effects

A

hepatoxicity, teeth staining, photosensitivity, dysphagia

55
Q

macrolides - azithromycin, clarithromycin and erythromycin side effects

A

GI disturbance, hepatitis and prolonged QT

56
Q

Enzyme dependent drugs such as … may have reduced clearance by antipsychotics such as carbamazepine

A

Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Isoniazid
Metronidazole
Ciprofloxacin

57
Q

Broad spectrum abx can cause…

A

failure of oral contraceptives
- increased INR in warfarin patients

58
Q

Name 3 antibiotics that target DNA replication

A

Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Metronidazole

59
Q

Name 2 antibiotics that target folate synthesis

A

Trimethoprim
Sulphonamides
(Methotrexate)

60
Q

Name 3 antibiotics that target protein synthesis

A

Aminoglycosides (gentamycin, tobramycin, streptomycin)
Tetracyclines (doxycyline, tetracycline)
Macrolides (Erythromycin, clarythromycin, azithromycin)
Clindamycin + Chloramphenicol
Linezolid

61
Q

Name 3 antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis

A

Penicillins - pen V, amoxicillin, flucloxacillin
Cephalosporins - ceftriaxone
Carbapenems - meropenem
Glycopeptides - vancomycin

62
Q

Name 3 antibiotics that target RNA synthesis

A

Rifampicin
Ethambutol
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide

63
Q

What antibiotics cause long QT?

A

Macrolides

Antibiotics (2 decks)

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