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CUA Exam > User-centered Analysis And Conceptual Design > Flashcards

User-centered Analysis And Conceptual Design Flashcards

1
Q

What is usability about?

A

Effectiveness- can users do what they need to?
Ease of learning- how fast can they learn?
Efficiency of use- how fast can they complete tasks?
Memorability- can users remember how to reuse interface?
Error prevention- can they complete tasks without making mistakes?
Satisfaction- how much do they like using system?

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2
Q

What is user-centered analysis?

A

Who are the users?

How do they think and work?

What are the stakeholder goals and objectives

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3
Q

What does user centered analysis collect data on?

A

User profiles

Work environment

Scenarios of how user will use interface

Task analysis

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4
Q

What is the goal of user centered analysis?

A

To collect and analyze data to make informed interface design decisions

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5
Q

What is first major goal of UCA?

A

Uncover user mental model

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6
Q

What drives mental models?

A

Past experiences

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7
Q

Why are mental models important?

A

They set expectations, which drive and shape behavior

80% of usability derives from matching the conceptual model

Must design conceptual model to match mental model!!

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8
Q

Can users accurately describe own mental model?

A

No.

Users don’t understand how they actually work

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9
Q

Is UCA part of the typical project life cycle?

A

No

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10
Q

How do freedom of design and time relate?

A

More freedom early on- as you go along, design becomes more rigid yet better understanding of user

Important: goal is to know user early while still have design freedom.

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11
Q

What are 5 UCA techniques?

A 
Interview
Surveys
Contextual observation
Focus groups
Jad sessions
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12
Q

What are 6 usability testing techniques?

A 
Walk through
Performance test
Subjective rating
Heuristics
A-b testing
Click stream
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13
Q

What’s the difference between UCA and UT?

A

UCA- focused on how users think and work, what users want and expect, and what are problems and motivations? PROACTIVE

UT- evaluation of existing design, does the design match the users mental model, REACTIVE

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14
Q

What are some downfalls of UT?

A

Results are limited to tasks asked

May not understand reason behind user reactions

Does not identify how to fix problems uncovered

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15
Q

ROI examples to support UCA?

A

80% of cost is in maintenance phase

80% of maintenance is from unforeseen or unmet user requirements

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16
Q

How to determine ROI in information sites (instead of more easily determined e-commerce)?

A

Test with tasks to get baseline. Redesign. Retest with identical and compare results.

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17
Q

How are design and costs related?

A

The less user-centered the design is, the greater the costs

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18
Q

What are the main components of a design strategy?

A 
Business goals
Target users
General tasks
Any constraints
Marketing/branding goals
Critical success factors
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19
Q

What are the 3 key values of a design strategy?

A

Fosters cross-departmental communication
(everyone on same page)
Specifies description of problem and definition of good solution
Communicates positive message to team

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20
Q

Name examples of documents with valuable info?

A 
Statement of work
Org charts
Legal documents
Requirement specs 
Screen shots
Standards 
Feedback reports (incident reports, help desk tix, previous usability results)
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21
Q

What organizational departments have good info? Who should you research with?

A 
Marketing
Help desk
Human resources
Customer support
Sales
IT
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22
Q

What are SMART measurements?

A 
Specific
Measurable 
Achievable
Realistic/relevant
Time-bound
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23
Q

Why are stakeholder meetings important?

A

Incorporates UCA into existing process
Builds trust
Increase understanding of needs

24
Q

Why are profiles and personas important?

A

Clarify assumptions of users, tasks and environment
Highlight aspects of user group that influence design
Provide means for documenting and supporting rationale behind design decisions

25
Q

What 3 things go into profile for user group?

A

User
Task
Environment

26
Q

What are the basic parameters of user profiles?

A 
Health/age/gender
Education
Language
Computer experience
Domain expertise
Expectation
27
Q

How does age/gender/health impact design?

A

Visual acuity and motor skills, which can influence font size and color and contrast used

28
Q

How does education impact design?

A

Reading level and general knowledge impact documentation and training, the writing style and screen density and complexity

29
Q

How does user language impact design?

A

If english is not first language, impacts writing style and level, labeling and layout and if an alternate version is needed

30
Q

How does user computer experience impact design?

A

How much and what kind impact need for wizards, tutorials and certain mnemonics

31
Q

How does user domain expertise impact design?

A

How much expertise influences complexity and need for documentation and training

32
Q

How does user expectation impact design?

A

User behavior impacts UI structure along with the theme and detai of design

33
Q

What are key factors in environmental profiles?

A 
Location
Workspace
Lighting
Hardware
Software
34
Q

What is a persona?

A

A persona is a fictional amalgam of key traits from user group

Best practice is to create a persona for each target user group

35
Q

Why are personas important?

A

They are psychologically more real

Helps distinguish between developer desires and user needs

Gives a voice to user

Can help prioritize what needs to get done

36
Q

What is biggest obstacle to persona?

A

Convincing worth the time to make this step

37
Q

What are the three dimensions of data-gathering methods?

A

Direct v indirect

Individual v group

Performance v discussion

38
Q

What is the richest data gathering methods?

A

Direct and Individual

39
Q

When do you use a 1:1 interview?

A

If it is difficult to have people perform a task while being observed (ex: online banking site)

Gives more info on perspective and idea bc you can ask for more info

40
Q

What should you do in an 1:1?

A

Focus on the how- how users are thinking
Ask diagnostic questions- determine what user assumptions are
Ask performance questions to get more accurate data

41
Q

What is typical focus of application-based vs content-based site?

A

Content- focus on organization

App- focus on tasks

42
Q

When to use user observation?

A

When users notions about how recurring schedules and complex devices are too abstract to express any other way

User can’t describe difficulties experienced

43
Q

What are complimentary data gathering methods? (v field studies)

Why and when to use them?

A

When you have time and $ limitations

Focus groups, JAD (joint application development) sessions, round tables

44
Q

What is a JAD session?

A

Joint application development

Mix of stakeholders, developers, ba’s, users etc. similar to a focus group

45
Q

When are focus groups best used?

A

Early in development

46
Q

What to remember about focus groups?

A

8-10 people

Good for generating ideas, not for making decisions
Great for rapid feedback
Great for capturing things that might have been overlooked

Behaviors do not match what’s observed in usability studies
Participants may influence each other
Risk of dominance from individuals

47
Q

What’s the point of scenarios?

A

They provide the how to perspective

They describe real life scenarios of how something would be used…by the personas - they are the stories the personas follow

48
Q

What factors should be included in a scenario?

A 
Range of tasks
Frequently performed tasks
Things users most want to do 
Mission critical tasks
Very complicated or intricate tasks
49
Q

What is the difference between a scenario and a use case?

A

A scenario is about the user (personas) and not the technology

A use case is about user and technology equally

50
Q

What is task analysis?

A

The process for evaluating a task or activity to determine the criteria for successful completion

It also helps with task efficiency by showing user understanding and expectations of task

It defines the current tasks and helps show unnecessary steps, unnecessary complexity, bottlenecks, and other issues.

Task analysis leads to better information architecture

51
Q

What are primary nouns?

A

Things users take action on or manipulate. The actionable items

Where am I?
What is the purpose of the page?
What can I do here? (<—- primary nouns)

52
Q

How do primary nouns help navigation?

A

A view of a primary noun equals a screen or page

An action will take the user to a new page

53
Q

Why is good information architecture important?

A 
Realizes all content in the interface
Organizes info 
Increases efficiency
Focuses users on high priority content
Facilitates finding an item intuitively
54
Q

What are some examples of IA schemes?

A 
Alphabetical
Chronological 
Geographical
Categorical
By topic 
By user
By task

Warning hybrid schemes can be either clear or confusing

55
Q

What factors influence users success in learning info hierarchies?

A

Breadth and depth
Transparency of labels
Relative size of categories
Shape of hierarchy

CUA Exam (2 decks)

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