Useful Stuff To Memorise

Question 1

What colour is chlorine at room temp? Physical state?

Answer 1

Chlorine is a yellow-green gas

Question 2

What colour and physical state is bromine at room temp

Answer 2

Bromine is a red-brown liquid at room temp

Question 3

What colour and physical state is iodine at room temp?

Answer 3

Iodine is a purple solid at room temp

Question 4

Chemical test for chlorine?

Answer 4

When Damp litmus paper is put into chlorine gas it is bleached white

Question 5

Uses of noble gasses and why?

Answer 5

Low density - helium in baloons and airships as it’s less dense than air

Inertness- argon used as shield gas during welding as it’s denser than air and keeps it away from metal

Question 6

Rf value =

Answer 6

Rf value = distance moved by solvent front / distance moved by solvent

Question 7

What colour is phenollhaleine in acid and alkali

Answer 7

Acid- colourless
Alkali- pink

Question 8

What colour is Methyl orange in alkali and acid?

Answer 8

acid - red
Alkali - yellow

Question 9

What colour is litmus in acid and alkali?

Answer 9

Acid - red
Alkaline- blue

Question 10

Acid + base —>

Answer 10

Acid + base —> salt + hydrogen gas

Question 11

Is sodium soluble?
Is pottasium soluble?
Is ammonium soluble?
Are nitrates soluble?
Are all chlorides soluble?
Are all sulfates soluble?
Are all carbonates soluble?
Are all hydroxides soluble?

Answer 11

-yes
-yes
-yes
-yes
-all chlorides except (silver, lead)
-all sulfates except (lead, barium, copper)
-no carbonates except (sodium, pottasium, ammonium)
-no hydroxides except (sodium , pottasium, ammonium)

Question 12

Is pottasium soluble?

Question 13

Lithium ion…

Answer 13

Li+

Question 14

Sodium ion…

Answer 14

Na *

Question 15

Pottasium ion ..

Answer 15

K+

Question 16

Silver ion..

Answer 16

Ag+

Question 17

Barium ion…

Answer 17

Ba2+

Question 18

Calcium ion..

Answer 18

Ca 2+

Question 19

Copper ion

Answer 19

Cu 2+

Question 20

Iron ion..

Answer 20

Fe 2+

Question 21

Magnesium ion…

Answer 21

Mg 2+

Question 22

Zinc ion…

Answer 22

Zn 2+

Question 23

Aluminium ion..

Answer 23

Al 3+

Question 24

Chloride ion…

Answer 24

Cl -

Question 25

Bromide ion

Answer 25

Br -

Question 26

Iodide ion

Answer 26

I -

Question 27

Oxide ion ..

Answer 27

O 2-

Question 28

What colour precipitate does iron (II) cation create?

Answer 28

Green

Question 29

What colour precipitate does a copper (II) cation create?

Answer 29

Blue-green

Question 30

What colour precipitate does iron [III) cation create?

Answer 30

Brown

Question 31

What colour flame does a sodium cation create?

Answer 31

Yellow

Question 32

What colour flame does a calcium cation create!

Answer 32

Orange-red

Question 33

What colour precipitate does a aluminium cation create?

Answer 33

White

Question 34

Calcium produces the same colour white precipitate as aluminium. How do we test to distinguish between the two?

Answer 34

-add more sodium hydroxide. Aluminium goes colourless, calcium stays white. Remember because calcium is white like the colour of your bone

Question 35

How do you test for an ammonium ion?

Answer 35

-add drops of sodium hydroxide solution, then warm gently -ammonia gas is produced -as ammonia is an alkali damp litmus paper at the top of the red tube will turn blue

Question 36

How do you perform a flame test?

Answer 36

-Dip clean wire into hydrochloric acid -dip wire into solid -put wire in roaring flame

Question 37

How to do the sodium hydroxide test to identify cations from precipitate colours?

Answer 37

-fill a test tube with 2 cm of the known solution -using a different pippete add drops of sodium hydroxide and stir -observe precipitate colour and record it -we do this if two cations give the same colour on the flame test

Question 38

What colour flame does lithium cation give ?

Answer 38

Red

Question 40

How to test for carbonate ions ( anions)

Answer 40

-mix In dilute acid -collect gas formed -bubble the gas through lime water -if white precipitate formes, carbonates were present ( carbon dioxide makes lime water cloudy)

Question 41

What flame colour does potassium cations form ?

Answer 41

Lilac

Question 42

What colour flame does a copper cation form?

Answer 42

Blue green

Question 43

How do we test for sulfates ( SO4^2-)

Answer 43

-add HCL to get rid of carbonate ions -add barium chloride to solution -white precipitate will form if sulfate ions are present

Question 44

How do we test for halide ions (group 7, Cl-, Br-, I-) What colour will each halides precipitate be ?

Answer 44

-add dilute nitric acid -add drops of silver surface solution Cl- white precipitate Br- cream precipitate I- yellow precipitate