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CPOIP study guide > Use of Force Theory > Flashcards

Use of Force Theory Flashcards

All content created and developed by Ottis W

1
Q

Define Section 25 of the Criminal Code?

A

Everyone (Peace Officer) is authorized to use force in the commission of their duties. As much force as necessary to generate compliance.

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2
Q

Define Section 26 of the Criminal Code?

A

Everyone is responsible for use of force and excess thereof.

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3
Q

Define Section 27 of the Criminal Code?

A

Peace Officer utilizing as much force as necessary to stop or prevent the commission of an offense.

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4
Q

List 3 questions to determine objective reasonable test.

A

1) Was the officer lawfully placed?
2) Did the officer subjectively believe that the force was necessary?
3) Would a reasonable person believe that the forced used was reasonable?

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5
Q

What are the 4 Use of Force Principles?

A

1) Public Safety
2) Officer Safety
3) Continuous Risk-Assessment
4) Best Strategy (prevent death / injury / property damage)

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6
Q

What are the 3 types of impact factors and provide 2 examples for each?

A

1) Subject (Size / Mental State)
2) Officer (Size / Experience)
3) Environment (Time of Day / Weather)

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7
Q

List 5 subject categories (Use of Force Continuum)

A

1) Cooperative
2)Passive Resistance
3) Active Resistance
4) Assaultive
5) GBH

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8
Q

List 5 officer response options

A

1) Officer presence
2) Communication
3) Physical Control
4) Intermediate Weapons
5) Deadly Force

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9
Q

Define ‘AIM’

A

1) Ability - able bodied
2) Intent - verbal / physical cues
3) Means - mechanism of delivery

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10
Q

List the 7 tactical principles.

A

1) Winning Mentality
2) Cover & Concealment
3) Time / Distance Ratio
4) 1 + 1 Rule
5) Threats Cues
6) De-escalation
7) Verbal Commands

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11
Q

what are 5 areas of risk?
*HWFEE

A

1) Hands
2) Weapons
3) Friends / Associates
4) Escape Routes
5) Environment

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12
Q

What is the reactionary gap distance?

A

6 Feet

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13
Q

What are 4 types of resistance?
*PEAR

A

1) Passive actions - will not voluntarily comply
2) Escort Position - intent is to prevent officer from gaining control
3) Assaultive - to physically harm officer
4) Resistance during cuffing - impaired by drugs or alcohol

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14
Q

What are 3 types of subjects that you will cuff? which of those 3 is the most dangerous?

A

1) Totally Cooperative
2) Potentially Uncooperative (Most dangerous)
3) Totally Uncooperative

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15
Q

Tactical considerations to handcuffing?
*ACS

A

1) Approach to contact
2) Control upon first touch (3 points of contact)
3) Speed of Application

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16
Q

Reasons for putting someone in handcuffs?

A

1) Officer / Public Safety
2) Committed a Crime
3) Escape Risk

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17
Q

When should you double-lock handcuffs?

A

When tactically safe to do so

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18
Q

Define DSALPS

A

Double-lock / Search / Ask / Look / Pat / Squeeze

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19
Q

What are 5 control principles?
*BDSMP (How to get control of subjecto)

A

1) Balance Displacement
2) Distraction technique
3) Stunning
4) Motor Dysfunction
5) Pain Compliance

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20
Q

5 steps to PSA application

A

1) Stabilize
2) Apply Pressure / Counter Pressure
3) Use Digital Tip
4) Loud repetitive commands
5) Alleviate Pressure when compliance is achieved

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21
Q

What is the minimum distance to use OC spray?

A

3 Feet

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22
Q

What are physiological effects of OC?

A

Targets respiratory system, eyes and skin.

23
Q

What is positional asphyxia?

A

a. Occurs when the position of the body contributes to the restriction of adequate air exchange.

24
Q

Define ballistic needling effect?

A

When OC particles get embedded in the eye/cornea

25
Q

List 3 advantages of OC

A

1) Able to engage at distance
2) Effects are only temporary
3) Can prevent escalation of force

26
Q

List 3 disadvantages of OC

A

1) trajectory affected by wind/rain
2) may increase aggression
3) Cross-contamination

27
Q

What subject category can a baton be utilized

A

Assaultive

28
Q

What are the primary target zones for baton strikes?

A

Big meaty parts of the body - Upper thigh / Arms

29
Q

What are secondary target zones for baton stirkes?

A

Joints/hard areas of the body - shoulder /collarbone / wrist / shins

30
Q

What are lethal target zones?

A

Head / Neck / Spine

31
Q

What are 2 types of neck restraints?

A

Vascular (Blood flow to brain) / Respiratory (oxygen)

32
Q

What are 4 physiological factors to the shoulder pin restraint? (Latin words)

A

1) Venous Compression
2) Vagus Stimulation
3) Carotid compression
4) Valsalva maneuver

33
Q

How long should it take a subject to regain consciousness after the shoulder pin?

A

5-30 seconds

34
Q

3 level of shoulder pin restraint? (must be able to recite verbatim for practical exam)

A
  • Level 1 “Rear neck lock no compression.”
  • Level 2 “Mechanical compression till conscious compliance”
  • Level 3 “Compression till unconscious”
35
Q

What are 5 characteristics of an edged weapon attack?

A

1) begin at close range
2) weapon not shown prior to assault (hidden)
3) majority of people are right-handed
4) off hand grab (used to gauge distance)
5) repetitive strikes

36
Q

Define excited delirium

A

A state of extreme mental and physiological excitement, characterized by increased agitation, hyperthermia, hostility, exceptional strength and endurance without apparent fatigue.

37
Q

What are some characteristics of excited delirium?

A

1) Increased pain tolerance
2) Sweating
3) Agitation
4) Increased strength
5) shedding clothing
6) non-compliance to police

38
Q

What is ANS?

A

Includes both Sympathetic (SNS) and Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) - Regulates BP / Body Temp / Organ Functions and will stimulate or regulate.

39
Q

What is SNS?

A

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) - Fight / Flight / Freeze response - Survival threat perception

40
Q

What triggers SNS activation? (POOS)

A

1) Physical Exhaustion
2) Objective Threat Perception
3) Object Fear Perception
4) Startle Response

41
Q

What are Physiological changes during SNS activation?

A

a. Vasoconstriction
b. Auditory Exclusion
c. Perceptualnarrowing
d. Increased HR
e. Hyper Vigilance
f. Cognitive Processing

42
Q

What are symptoms of SNS activation?

A

1) Rapid breathing
2) Cotton Mouth
3) Muscle Tremors
4) Increased HR
5) sweaty Palms
6) Difficulty with vision
7) Loss of bowel movement

43
Q

As per the inverted U law, how long does an officer have at 100% performance?

A

0-15 seconds

44
Q

How can someone manage SNS?

A

Fitness / Diet / Belief System / Confidence / Imaginary Drills / Tact Breathing

45
Q

What is PNS?

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System - Rest / Digest, Decrease HR, Relax Muscles / Constrict Pupils / Increase Saliva

45
Q

What are symptoms of PNS backlash?

A

Dizziness / Excessive Bleeding / Shock / Exhaustion / Muscle Tremors

46
Q

What triggers PNS backlash?

A

1)Perception that the treat has diminished
2) Perception of an injury
3) Trauma to vital organs
4) Exhaustion

47
Q

How can someone recover from PNS backlash?

A

1) Lay horizontally
2) Ingest Carbohydrates

48
Q

define homeostasis?

A

The balance of SNS / PNS

49
Q

define objective threat perception.

A

Proximity of threat / Time it takes to control the threat / Confidence in your abilities. / Amount of experience with the threat

50
Q

define objective fear perception.

A

a.Death
b. Injury
c. Killing
d. Incorrect decision making
e. Failure
f. Fear itself

51
Q

define startle response.

A

When threat is spontaneous or unexpected.

52
Q

Advantages of baton

A

1) Easy to carry/transport
2) Psychological deterrent
3) Ability to engage at distance

53
Q

Disadvantages of baton

A

1) Needs maintenance
2) Higher risk of injury
3) Method of deployment (friction lock vs disc)

CPOIP study guide (5 decks)

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