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Handcuffs > Use of Force / Survival Principals and De- Escalation > Flashcards

Use of Force / Survival Principals and De- Escalation Flashcards

1
Q

PPCT

A

Pressure Point Control Tactics

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2
Q

Describe Hick’s Law

A

The time it takes for a person to make a decision as a result of possible choices they have; more choices means more time; So less is best

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3
Q

HFRG

A

Human Factor Research Groups

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4
Q

SID

A

Sudden In Custody Death

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5
Q

Tenn. v. Gardner

A

Fleeing Felon; Only use deadly force to prevent death or injury of yourself or others.

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6
Q

Distraction techniques should precede?

A

All Escort potions precede

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7
Q

Define fluid shock wave

A

Hit and stick

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8
Q

DEFINE: PNS (Parasympathetic Nervous System)

A

Non-stressful condition

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9
Q

DEFINE: SNS ( Sympathetic Nervous System)

A

Acts to prepare the body for stressful situations

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10
Q

Define: Homeostasis

A

Balance

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11
Q

What does ATP stand for and what does it do?

A

Adenosine triphosphate; provides energy for cells

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12
Q

When was PPCT founded and by who

A

1979 by Bruce Siddle

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13
Q

What are the 3 basic systems criteria for the acceptability of HFRG (PPCT)

A

Tactically, Medically and Legally

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14
Q

Describe how the HFRG (PPCT) is tactically acceptable

A

It is easy to learn and retain. Designed around the 3 minute rule. Commonalty in technique

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15
Q

Describe static training

A

Gross muscle movement is taught without any stimulus initiating action; Transport Wristlock

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16
Q

Describe Fluid Training

A

Relaxed resistance, common type of resistance; Transport wrist lock with resistance

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17
Q

Describe Dynamic training

A

Replicate actual resistance an officer may incur

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18
Q

Define Gross Motor Skills

A

Large muscle movements; explosive or strength events

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19
Q

Define Fine Motor Skills

A

Small muscle movements; fingers, hands; piano

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20
Q

Define Complex Motor Skills

A

Series of movements, hand/eye coordination; shooting, riding a bike

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21
Q

What are the two medical categories PPCT techniques are broken down into?

A

Normal Use; normal speed no resistance

Accelerated Use; full speed; full resistance

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22
Q

List some risk factors for SID

A

Intoxication, super strength, poor color, panic, paranoia , cocaine, obesity, bizarre behavior

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23
Q

Define; Positional Asphyxia

A

Lack of oxygen and increase in carbon dioxide in the blood of the subject, subject is in a position where they cant breath

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24
Q

Define Cocaine induced Excited Delirium (Cocaine psychosis)

A

Subject shows signs of paranoia, violent bizarre behavior, SID happens after a struggle

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25
Define; Neuropletic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)
Similar to Cocaine induced Excited Delirium; occurs in psychiatric patients
26
Define; Excited Delirium
State of extreme mental and physiological excitement; characterized by agitation, hypothermia etc
27
Four most common types of resistance
Resistance from the escort position, resistance while applying handcuffs, and active aggression
28
Talk about Graham V. Connor
All force must be reasonable and necessary under existing circumstances. Objectively reasonable
29
How many levels of resistance are there
6.
30
Psychological Intimdation
Non verbal cues, subjects attitude, appearance
31
Verbal non/compliance
Verbal responses like “I’m going to kill you”
32
Passive resistance
Physical actions that DONT prevent Officer attempt to control
33
Defensive resistance
Physical actions that attempt to prevent officers control, but never attempt to harm the officer
34
Active aggression
Physical actions of assault
35
Deadly force assault
Physical actions of assault
36
List the levels of control
Officer presence, verbal direction, empty hand control (soft and hard), intermediate weapons, deadly force
37
Soft empty hand control
Minimal chance of injury; pressure point control and joint locks
38
Hard empty hand control
Have probability of injury; leg strikes, neck restraints
39
What are the elements of deadly force
Ability, opportunity, jeopardy
40
List some variables on the use of force continuum
Type of crime, Officer/subject size and gender, exigency conditions, reaction time, access to weapons, influence of drugs or alcohol, injury, weather, special knowledge
41
What are the elements of reporting force
Officer arrival, approach, suspects actions, officers actions, transport procedure
42
What are the five principals used to control resistive behavior ?
Pain compliance, Distraction technique, Balance displacement, Motor dysfunction, Stunning
43
Describe pain compliance
It is the use of stimulus pain to control resistive behavior
44
Describe distraction technique
ALWAYS PRECEDES ESCORT POSITION, primary distraction is a knee strike, follow up with a control technique
45
Give an example of when a distraction technique would be used.
It would be used when your attempting to escort a subject in the escort position and they lock their arm out. You would then give them a "knee strike" a distraction then place them back into the escort position
46
Describe balance displacement
Control technique that displace balance through principals of leverage
47
Distraction techniques can also serve as what?
Balance displacement techniques
48
Describe motor dysfunction
Control striking that over-stimulate motor nerves, causing temporary muscle impairment. IE; strikes delivered to muscle mass, use fluid shock wave principal
49
Describe stunning
Stimulation of overwhelming sensory input; lasting from 3 to 7 seconds.
50
Define reaction time
The time it takes an officer to perceive a threat and then react to it physically
51
List the stages of reaction time
Perception, Analyze/Evaluate, Formulate strategies, Initiate motor action
52
List; Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) activation triggers
Threat perception, Fear perception, Physical exhaustion, startle response
53
List some physiological changes that result from SNS activation
Adrenal activity, vascular activity, perceptual narrowing
54
Describe adrenal activity
Immediate increase in heart rate and increase in respiration
55
Describe Vascular Activity
Vasoconstriction (the constriction of blood vessels, which increases blood pressure.), Vascular flow re-directs away from extremities
56
Describe Perceptual Narrowing
Auditory exclusion and selective attention
57
List some of the ways SNS activation impacts combat performance
Vision, Motor skills classification, cognitive abilities
58
How does SNS activation impact your vision?
Tunnel vision, loss of near vision, loss of ability to focus, MONOCULAR VISION, depth perception, loss of night vision
59
Define the Inverted-U Law
Different task require different levels of arousal for optimal performance.
60
Describe how SNS activation impacts cognitive abilities
Perceptual senses, memory framework, hyper vigilance
61
List triggers of Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) "Backlash"
The threat perception has diminished, perception of injury, trauma to a vital system, exhaustion of aerobic and anaerobic system
62
List the symptoms of PNS "Backlash"
Dizziness from sudden drops in blood pressure and heart rate, excessive bleeding, symptoms of shock, overwhelming sense of exhaustion, muscle tremors
63
Define Critical incident Amnesia
A temporary form of amnesia resulting from the activation of SNS
64
Describe the timetable to memory recovery after a critical incident amnesia event
Memory BEFORE first sleep period includes general characteristics of incident; weapon and assailant. Memory AFTER first sleep period will increase by 50-90% Memory after SECOND sleep period is most complete and final
65
If you go through critical incident amnesia when should you write your second report?
After your second sleep period
66
List some combat performance variables
Mindset, Motor skill selection, nutrition and hydration, fitness and belief system
67
What do fast burning carbohydrates do?
Increase fatigue
68
What do slow burning carbohydrates do?
Give you energy
69
What happens once ATP/PC is exhausted
Performance drops to 45% within 30 seconds
70
Describe anaerobic system lactic acid
Active from 15 seconds to 2 minutes; sprint
71
Describe an aerobic system
Long term energy system dependent on conditioning ; marathon
72
List survival stress symptoms
Rapid breathing, cottonmouth, muscular tremors, increased heart rate, sweaty palms, visual difficulty, loss of ability to concentrate
73
What are some methods to reduce survival stress effects?
Confidence factor, motor skill selection, tactical breathing, visualization drills, faith factor
74
Define the Inside Position
Directly in front of the suspect
75
Define level ONE
Field interview position, officer positioned at the frontal oblique of the suspect
76
Define level TWO
Directly beside the subject
77
Define level TWO AND A HALF
Escort position, off of the suspect's rear oblique
78
Define level THREE
Directly behind the suspect
79
Define Less-lethal force
Any use of force other than that which is considered deadly force that involves physical effort to control, restrain or overcome the resistance of another
80
Define Exigent circumstances
Circumstances that make you think action is necessary to prevent physical harm to an individual
81
How long does the average stun last for?
3-7 seconds

Handcuffs (6 decks)

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