Use of Force / Survival Principals and De- Escalation Flashcards
PPCT
Pressure Point Control Tactics
Describe Hick’s Law
The time it takes for a person to make a decision as a result of possible choices they have; more choices means more time; So less is best
HFRG
Human Factor Research Groups
SID
Sudden In Custody Death
Tenn. v. Gardner
Fleeing Felon; Only use deadly force to prevent death or injury of yourself or others.
Distraction techniques should precede?
All Escort potions precede
Define fluid shock wave
Hit and stick
DEFINE: PNS (Parasympathetic Nervous System)
Non-stressful condition
DEFINE: SNS ( Sympathetic Nervous System)
Acts to prepare the body for stressful situations
Define: Homeostasis
Balance
What does ATP stand for and what does it do?
Adenosine triphosphate; provides energy for cells
When was PPCT founded and by who
1979 by Bruce Siddle
What are the 3 basic systems criteria for the acceptability of HFRG (PPCT)
Tactically, Medically and Legally
Describe how the HFRG (PPCT) is tactically acceptable
It is easy to learn and retain. Designed around the 3 minute rule. Commonalty in technique
Describe static training
Gross muscle movement is taught without any stimulus initiating action; Transport Wristlock
Describe Fluid Training
Relaxed resistance, common type of resistance; Transport wrist lock with resistance
Describe Dynamic training
Replicate actual resistance an officer may incur
Define Gross Motor Skills
Large muscle movements; explosive or strength events
Define Fine Motor Skills
Small muscle movements; fingers, hands; piano
Define Complex Motor Skills
Series of movements, hand/eye coordination; shooting, riding a bike
What are the two medical categories PPCT techniques are broken down into?
Normal Use; normal speed no resistance
Accelerated Use; full speed; full resistance
List some risk factors for SID
Intoxication, super strength, poor color, panic, paranoia , cocaine, obesity, bizarre behavior
Define; Positional Asphyxia
Lack of oxygen and increase in carbon dioxide in the blood of the subject, subject is in a position where they cant breath
Define Cocaine induced Excited Delirium (Cocaine psychosis)
Subject shows signs of paranoia, violent bizarre behavior, SID happens after a struggle
Define; Neuropletic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)
Similar to Cocaine induced Excited Delirium; occurs in psychiatric patients
Define; Excited Delirium
State of extreme mental and physiological excitement; characterized by agitation, hypothermia etc
Four most common types of resistance
Resistance from the escort position, resistance while applying handcuffs, and active aggression
Talk about Graham V. Connor
All force must be reasonable and necessary under existing circumstances. Objectively reasonable
How many levels of resistance are there
6.
Psychological Intimdation
Non verbal cues, subjects attitude, appearance
Verbal non/compliance
Verbal responses like “I’m going to kill you”
Passive resistance
Physical actions that DONT prevent Officer attempt to control
Defensive resistance
Physical actions that attempt to prevent officers control, but never attempt to harm the officer
Active aggression
Physical actions of assault
Deadly force assault
Physical actions of assault
List the levels of control
Officer presence, verbal direction, empty hand control (soft and hard), intermediate weapons, deadly force
Soft empty hand control
Minimal chance of injury; pressure point control and joint locks
Hard empty hand control
Have probability of injury; leg strikes, neck restraints
What are the elements of deadly force
Ability, opportunity, jeopardy
List some variables on the use of force continuum
Type of crime, Officer/subject size and gender, exigency conditions, reaction time, access to weapons, influence of drugs or alcohol, injury, weather, special knowledge
What are the elements of reporting force
Officer arrival, approach, suspects actions, officers actions, transport procedure
What are the five principals used to control resistive behavior ?
Pain compliance, Distraction technique, Balance displacement, Motor dysfunction, Stunning
Describe pain compliance
It is the use of stimulus pain to control resistive behavior
Describe distraction technique
ALWAYS PRECEDES ESCORT POSITION, primary distraction is a knee strike, follow up with a control technique
Give an example of when a distraction technique would be used.
It would be used when your attempting to escort a subject in the escort position and they lock their arm out. You would then give them a “knee strike” a distraction then place them back into the escort position
Describe balance displacement
Control technique that displace balance through principals of leverage
Distraction techniques can also serve as what?
Balance displacement techniques
Describe motor dysfunction
Control striking that over-stimulate motor nerves, causing temporary muscle impairment. IE; strikes delivered to muscle mass, use fluid shock wave principal
Describe stunning
Stimulation of overwhelming sensory input; lasting from 3 to 7 seconds.
Define reaction time
The time it takes an officer to perceive a threat and then react to it physically
List the stages of reaction time
Perception, Analyze/Evaluate, Formulate strategies, Initiate motor action
List; Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) activation triggers
Threat perception, Fear perception, Physical exhaustion, startle response
List some physiological changes that result from SNS activation
Adrenal activity, vascular activity, perceptual narrowing
Describe adrenal activity
Immediate increase in heart rate and increase in respiration
Describe Vascular Activity
Vasoconstriction (the constriction of blood vessels, which increases blood pressure.), Vascular flow re-directs away from extremities
Describe Perceptual Narrowing
Auditory exclusion and selective attention
List some of the ways SNS activation impacts combat performance
Vision, Motor skills classification, cognitive abilities
How does SNS activation impact your vision?
Tunnel vision, loss of near vision, loss of ability to focus, MONOCULAR VISION, depth perception, loss of night vision
Define the Inverted-U Law
Different task require different levels of arousal for optimal performance.
Describe how SNS activation impacts cognitive abilities
Perceptual senses, memory framework, hyper vigilance
List triggers of Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) “Backlash”
The threat perception has diminished, perception of injury, trauma to a vital system, exhaustion of aerobic and anaerobic system
List the symptoms of PNS “Backlash”
Dizziness from sudden drops in blood pressure and heart rate, excessive bleeding, symptoms of shock, overwhelming sense of exhaustion, muscle tremors
Define Critical incident Amnesia
A temporary form of amnesia resulting from the activation of SNS
Describe the timetable to memory recovery after a critical incident amnesia event
Memory BEFORE first sleep period includes general characteristics of incident; weapon and assailant.
Memory AFTER first sleep period will increase by 50-90%
Memory after SECOND sleep period is most complete and final
If you go through critical incident amnesia when should you write your second report?
After your second sleep period
List some combat performance variables
Mindset, Motor skill selection, nutrition and hydration, fitness and belief system
What do fast burning carbohydrates do?
Increase fatigue
What do slow burning carbohydrates do?
Give you energy
What happens once ATP/PC is exhausted
Performance drops to 45% within 30 seconds
Describe anaerobic system lactic acid
Active from 15 seconds to 2 minutes; sprint
Describe an aerobic system
Long term energy system dependent on conditioning ; marathon
List survival stress symptoms
Rapid breathing, cottonmouth, muscular tremors, increased heart rate, sweaty palms, visual difficulty, loss of ability to concentrate
What are some methods to reduce survival stress effects?
Confidence factor, motor skill selection, tactical breathing, visualization drills, faith factor
Define the Inside Position
Directly in front of the suspect
Define level ONE
Field interview position, officer positioned at the frontal oblique of the suspect
Define level TWO
Directly beside the subject
Define level TWO AND A HALF
Escort position, off of the suspect’s rear oblique
Define level THREE
Directly behind the suspect
Define Less-lethal force
Any use of force other than that which is considered deadly force that involves physical effort to control, restrain or overcome the resistance of another
Define Exigent circumstances
Circumstances that make you think action is necessary to prevent physical harm to an individual
How long does the average stun last for?
3-7 seconds
