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Handcuffs > Use of Force / Survival Principals and De- Escalation > Flashcards

Use of Force / Survival Principals and De- Escalation Flashcards

1
Q

PPCT

A

Pressure Point Control Tactics

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2
Q

Describe Hick’s Law

A

The time it takes for a person to make a decision as a result of possible choices they have; more choices means more time; So less is best

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3
Q

HFRG

A

Human Factor Research Groups

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4
Q

SID

A

Sudden In Custody Death

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5
Q

Tenn. v. Gardner

A

Fleeing Felon; Only use deadly force to prevent death or injury of yourself or others.

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6
Q

Distraction techniques should precede?

A

All Escort potions precede

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7
Q

Define fluid shock wave

A

Hit and stick

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8
Q

DEFINE: PNS (Parasympathetic Nervous System)

A

Non-stressful condition

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9
Q

DEFINE: SNS ( Sympathetic Nervous System)

A

Acts to prepare the body for stressful situations

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10
Q

Define: Homeostasis

A

Balance

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11
Q

What does ATP stand for and what does it do?

A

Adenosine triphosphate; provides energy for cells

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12
Q

When was PPCT founded and by who

A

1979 by Bruce Siddle

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13
Q

What are the 3 basic systems criteria for the acceptability of HFRG (PPCT)

A

Tactically, Medically and Legally

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14
Q

Describe how the HFRG (PPCT) is tactically acceptable

A

It is easy to learn and retain. Designed around the 3 minute rule. Commonalty in technique

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15
Q

Describe static training

A

Gross muscle movement is taught without any stimulus initiating action; Transport Wristlock

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16
Q

Describe Fluid Training

A

Relaxed resistance, common type of resistance; Transport wrist lock with resistance

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17
Q

Describe Dynamic training

A

Replicate actual resistance an officer may incur

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18
Q

Define Gross Motor Skills

A

Large muscle movements; explosive or strength events

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19
Q

Define Fine Motor Skills

A

Small muscle movements; fingers, hands; piano

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20
Q

Define Complex Motor Skills

A

Series of movements, hand/eye coordination; shooting, riding a bike

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21
Q

What are the two medical categories PPCT techniques are broken down into?

A

Normal Use; normal speed no resistance

Accelerated Use; full speed; full resistance

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22
Q

List some risk factors for SID

A

Intoxication, super strength, poor color, panic, paranoia , cocaine, obesity, bizarre behavior

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23
Q

Define; Positional Asphyxia

A

Lack of oxygen and increase in carbon dioxide in the blood of the subject, subject is in a position where they cant breath

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24
Q

Define Cocaine induced Excited Delirium (Cocaine psychosis)

A

Subject shows signs of paranoia, violent bizarre behavior, SID happens after a struggle

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25
Q

Define; Neuropletic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)

A

Similar to Cocaine induced Excited Delirium; occurs in psychiatric patients

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26
Q

Define; Excited Delirium

A

State of extreme mental and physiological excitement; characterized by agitation, hypothermia etc

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27
Q

Four most common types of resistance

A

Resistance from the escort position, resistance while applying handcuffs, and active aggression

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28
Q

Talk about Graham V. Connor

A

All force must be reasonable and necessary under existing circumstances. Objectively reasonable

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29
Q

How many levels of resistance are there

A

6.

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30
Q

Psychological Intimdation

A

Non verbal cues, subjects attitude, appearance

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31
Q

Verbal non/compliance

A

Verbal responses like “I’m going to kill you”

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32
Q

Passive resistance

A

Physical actions that DONT prevent Officer attempt to control

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33
Q

Defensive resistance

A

Physical actions that attempt to prevent officers control, but never attempt to harm the officer

34
Q

Active aggression

A

Physical actions of assault

35
Q

Deadly force assault

A

Physical actions of assault

36
Q

List the levels of control

A

Officer presence, verbal direction, empty hand control (soft and hard), intermediate weapons, deadly force

37
Q

Soft empty hand control

A

Minimal chance of injury; pressure point control and joint locks

38
Q

Hard empty hand control

A

Have probability of injury; leg strikes, neck restraints

39
Q

What are the elements of deadly force

A

Ability, opportunity, jeopardy

40
Q

List some variables on the use of force continuum

A

Type of crime, Officer/subject size and gender, exigency conditions, reaction time, access to weapons, influence of drugs or alcohol, injury, weather, special knowledge

41
Q

What are the elements of reporting force

A

Officer arrival, approach, suspects actions, officers actions, transport procedure

42
Q

What are the five principals used to control resistive behavior ?

A

Pain compliance, Distraction technique, Balance displacement, Motor dysfunction, Stunning

43
Q

Describe pain compliance

A

It is the use of stimulus pain to control resistive behavior

44
Q

Describe distraction technique

A

ALWAYS PRECEDES ESCORT POSITION, primary distraction is a knee strike, follow up with a control technique

45
Q

Give an example of when a distraction technique would be used.

A

It would be used when your attempting to escort a subject in the escort position and they lock their arm out. You would then give them a “knee strike” a distraction then place them back into the escort position

46
Q

Describe balance displacement

A

Control technique that displace balance through principals of leverage

47
Q

Distraction techniques can also serve as what?

A

Balance displacement techniques

48
Q

Describe motor dysfunction

A

Control striking that over-stimulate motor nerves, causing temporary muscle impairment. IE; strikes delivered to muscle mass, use fluid shock wave principal

49
Q

Describe stunning

A

Stimulation of overwhelming sensory input; lasting from 3 to 7 seconds.

50
Q

Define reaction time

A

The time it takes an officer to perceive a threat and then react to it physically

51
Q

List the stages of reaction time

A

Perception, Analyze/Evaluate, Formulate strategies, Initiate motor action

52
Q

List; Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) activation triggers

A

Threat perception, Fear perception, Physical exhaustion, startle response

53
Q

List some physiological changes that result from SNS activation

A

Adrenal activity, vascular activity, perceptual narrowing

54
Q

Describe adrenal activity

A

Immediate increase in heart rate and increase in respiration

55
Q

Describe Vascular Activity

A

Vasoconstriction (the constriction of blood vessels, which increases blood pressure.), Vascular flow re-directs away from extremities

56
Q

Describe Perceptual Narrowing

A

Auditory exclusion and selective attention

57
Q

List some of the ways SNS activation impacts combat performance

A

Vision, Motor skills classification, cognitive abilities

58
Q

How does SNS activation impact your vision?

A

Tunnel vision, loss of near vision, loss of ability to focus, MONOCULAR VISION, depth perception, loss of night vision

59
Q

Define the Inverted-U Law

A

Different task require different levels of arousal for optimal performance.

60
Q

Describe how SNS activation impacts cognitive abilities

A

Perceptual senses, memory framework, hyper vigilance

61
Q

List triggers of Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) “Backlash”

A

The threat perception has diminished, perception of injury, trauma to a vital system, exhaustion of aerobic and anaerobic system

62
Q

List the symptoms of PNS “Backlash”

A

Dizziness from sudden drops in blood pressure and heart rate, excessive bleeding, symptoms of shock, overwhelming sense of exhaustion, muscle tremors

63
Q

Define Critical incident Amnesia

A

A temporary form of amnesia resulting from the activation of SNS

64
Q

Describe the timetable to memory recovery after a critical incident amnesia event

A

Memory BEFORE first sleep period includes general characteristics of incident; weapon and assailant.
Memory AFTER first sleep period will increase by 50-90%
Memory after SECOND sleep period is most complete and final

65
Q

If you go through critical incident amnesia when should you write your second report?

A

After your second sleep period

66
Q

List some combat performance variables

A

Mindset, Motor skill selection, nutrition and hydration, fitness and belief system

67
Q

What do fast burning carbohydrates do?

A

Increase fatigue

68
Q

What do slow burning carbohydrates do?

A

Give you energy

69
Q

What happens once ATP/PC is exhausted

A

Performance drops to 45% within 30 seconds

70
Q

Describe anaerobic system lactic acid

A

Active from 15 seconds to 2 minutes; sprint

71
Q

Describe an aerobic system

A

Long term energy system dependent on conditioning ; marathon

72
Q

List survival stress symptoms

A

Rapid breathing, cottonmouth, muscular tremors, increased heart rate, sweaty palms, visual difficulty, loss of ability to concentrate

73
Q

What are some methods to reduce survival stress effects?

A

Confidence factor, motor skill selection, tactical breathing, visualization drills, faith factor

74
Q

Define the Inside Position

A

Directly in front of the suspect

75
Q

Define level ONE

A

Field interview position, officer positioned at the frontal oblique of the suspect

76
Q

Define level TWO

A

Directly beside the subject

77
Q

Define level TWO AND A HALF

A

Escort position, off of the suspect’s rear oblique

78
Q

Define level THREE

A

Directly behind the suspect

79
Q

Define Less-lethal force

A

Any use of force other than that which is considered deadly force that involves physical effort to control, restrain or overcome the resistance of another

80
Q

Define Exigent circumstances

A

Circumstances that make you think action is necessary to prevent physical harm to an individual

81
Q

How long does the average stun last for?

A

3-7 seconds

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