Use of Force level 2 prep Flashcards
Handcuffing 6 Components
Immobilize
control
handcuff
Search
Monitor
Transport
Totality of triangle
Perceived circumstance (top)
Perceived Subject Action (bottom left)
Reasonable officer response (bottom right)
Use of Force chart
Comm vs Adams
Duty to Intervene
If officers are not lawfully situated, then ANY amount of force applied may be
Deemed unreasonable (excessive)
Control Superiority Principle
A RECOGNIZED officer ADVANTAGE, over
a RECOGNIZED subject DISADVANTAGE
Why Do We Use Force
Effectively stop unlawful resistance as quickly as possible
officers must strictly adhere to applicable legal standards, agency policy, and procedural justice
Force
Defined by 550 CMR 6.03
The amount of physical effort, however slight, required by police to gain compliance by an unwilling individual
under the fourth amendment
Why should officers use force
to gain compliance
effectively stop resistance as quickly as possible
Medical Response
The officer shall always provide EMS
Prohibited use of force
An officer shall not intentionally sit, kneel, or stand on an individual’s neck or head
Chokeholds
The intent of or with the result of causing bodily injury unconsciousness, or death
Discharging firearm into MV
A law enforcement shall not discharge into a moving vehicle UNLESS, based on the totality of the circumstances
-The officer is not firing strictly to disable the vehicle and
-The circumstances provide a high probability of stopping or striking the intended target
Graham vs Conner (1989)
Officers actions must be objectively reasonable in light of the facts in circumstances confronting them
The reasonableness of a particular use of force must be judged from the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene, rather than with the 20/20 vision hindsight
Police are often forced to make split-second judgment in circumstances that are tense, uncertain, and rapidly evolving
SIRF (Factors)
Severity
Immediate
Resisting
Flight
Hill Test (3 questions)
-Was the person experiencing a medical emergency that rendered him incapable of making a rational decision under the circumstances that posed an immediate threat of harm to himself or others
-Was some degree of force reasonably necessary to ameliorate the immediate threat
-Was the force used more than reasonably necessary under the circumstances (was it excessive)
-
Duty to Intervene
An officer shall report the incident to an appropriate supervisor as soon as reasonably possible but no later than the end of officer shift
Report it to DS
Distraction technique
intent
intensity
It’s not a strike
Officers Perception
The officer must look at each situation or totality of the circumstances continuously assess the plan and act
Range and Reasonableness
What one officer may perceive as a threat, another may not.
Rule 304
-When the subject is within 2 feet away
-When the subject is in an enclosed area without ventilation
-When the subject lacks normal reflexes. such as the ability to blink, or be otherwise incapacitated
City of Boston Ordinance
Shall not use a kinetic impact projectile or a chemical crowd control agent against any person or persons engaged in a protest demonstration, or other gathering of any kind involving more than ten persons (OC Spray)
Graham vs Conner
The use of excessive force deadly or not in the course of an arrest, investigatory stop, or other seizure of a free citizen should be analyzed under the Fourth Amendment and its objectively reasonable standard
Does physically escorting or handcuffing an individual with minimal or no resistance constitute a Use of Force
False
