Use of Force Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is the Safety Priority in Use of Force
- Innocent People
- Public Safety Officials (Fire, Police, EMJ)
- Subject/ Suspect themselves
Handcuff Nomenclature (All 9)
- Single Strand
- Double Strand
- Rivet
- Lock Housing
- Swivel
- Chain
- Key Hole
- Double Lock
- Single Strand Teeth
What type of Handcuffs will you Carry?
At least 1, Smith and Wesson #110, either hinged or chain
What are the Components of Handcuffing? (6)
- Immobilize (relative positioning)
- Control (Immobilized)
- Handcuff (Double Lock)
- Search
- Monitor
- Transport
The way I remember this is the saying (I cant hand you my teeth)
What is a chokehold
Placement of Officers body on or around a suspects neck that restricts blood flow or breathing, the intent or result of causing serious bodily injury, unconsciousness or death.
Can you place someone in a chokehold?
No
However during resistance if you are to accidentally place your hands around a suspects neck without specified intent to do so, you are in the clear and justified.
What is De-Escalation?
Proactive actions or approaches meant to create more time. options and resources to gain a persons voluntary compliance and reduce or eliminate the need to use force.
De-escalation is used in a feasible situation (ex man with gun to you, their is no time to de-escalate)
What are the Uses of non-deadly force? (all 4)
Officer shall not use force upon a person unless de-escalation tactics have been attempted and failed or not feasible, force has to be necessary and proportionate to
- Effect the Lawful arrest or Detention of a Person
- Prevent the escape from custody
- Prevent imminent harm and the amount of force used is proportionate to threat of imminent harm
- Defend against an individual who imitates force
Does physically escorting or handcuffing an individual with minimal to no resistance constitute a use of force under CMR 555?
No.
What should an Officer do if an individual is showing signs of injury or illness?
Provide the appropriate medical response following a non deadly use of force.
What is Graham Vs Connor?
Founding father case of
Objectively reasonableness standard
What are the Graham Factors? Or also known as the totality of circumstances.
- Severity (of crime)
- Immediate threat (of suspect)
- Resisting arrest
- Flight
SIRF
What is a split second decision?
- Tense
- Uncertain
- rapidly evolving
situation
What are the 3 parts to the totality Triangle?
Top
1. Perceived Circumstances
Bottom Left
2. Perceived Subject Actions
Bottom Right
3. Reasonable Officer Response
What are Perceived circumstances?
It is the perspective of a situation that may or may not be a threat to the Officer or severity of a crime (response level to threat)
What are Perceived subject actions?
Subject Actions that are perceived by a reasonable Officer
What is an Officers Perception?
Totality of circumstances that continually Assess, Plan, Act.
Which is objective reasonableness determined by a used tactic by the Officer, based on circumstances
1. Is suspect CAPABLE of carrying out an ACTION
2. Is suspect in a POSTION to use their CAPABILITIES
3. did suspect show INTENT by an over act, word or deed
What is a reasonable Officer Response?
This is what a reasonable Officer would do based on the perceived circumstances and perceived subject actions
Would an Officers Actions/ tactics be the same as another Officer in alike or Different situations?
No, based on our height, weight, how muscular or skinny an Officer may be/ may not be. It can be a different reasonableness standard for how much force an Officer may apply to a suspect. EX Lawless (tall heavy, muscular) or Baker (small, skinny less muscular)
How should an Officer use Force?
Force must be NECCESARY and PROPORTIONATE based off the totality of circumstances
What is the Hill Test?
Based on the Court case of Miracle VS Hill (medical Emergency with a resistant person in an emergency
1. Medical Emergency, to which a person poses a threat of serious harm to themselves or others
2. Was Force reasonably necessary
3. Was Force Excessive
What is Deadly Force on a Fleeing Suspect, and when can you use deadly Force?
Tennessee V Garner (shooting a fleeing suspect)
1. Suspect Threats with or has a weapon
2. Deadly Force is Necessary to Prevent Escape
3. When feasible or Possible some warning was given (De-Escalation)
Must remember to be Reasonable and proportionate to a suspects actions!!
If a suspects behavior is rapidly changing from calm to angry or angry to calm constantly, at what time should you take a reasonable action?
Must be Reasonable (At The Time) Force is applied
EX is a suspect punches you in the face, runs thirty feet away, then stops being actively combative, and is now passive resistant or even displaying voluntary compliance, you can’t just throw a Texas haymaker at their face. That is EXCESSIVE.
What is the Duty To Intervene?
COMM V Adams- Founder Case
That an Officer of Any rank has the ability to stop another Officer of Any Rank, if they are committing Excessive Force and that you must stop them immediately (tap them out). Then Report that excessive force prior to the end of your tour of duty.
