Use of Force Flashcards
The movement, progression, or reduction from the application of one force type to another.
Force transitions
And impending violent act, harm, or resistance that will likely occur if not instantly confronted or addressed.
Imminent threat
Level of force that Has the potential to cause injury or substantial pain and is greater than low level force.
Intermediate force
A commissioned Officer or supervisor who participated in, directed or influenced the application of the use of force.
Involved Officer
Broad categories of force options in escalating stages of intensity that are identified as low-level force, intermediate force, and deadly force.
Levels of control
A level of force or control that is neither likely nor intended to cause injury
Low-level force
The level of force required to compel compliance, which is not intended to and is not known to create a substantial risk of causing death or serious bodily harm.
Non-deadly force
An Officer’s discharge of a firearm at a person, with or without physical injury.
Officer involved shooting
A designated officer who is not involved in the use of deadly force and whose Responsibilities are to prevent discussions regarding the incident among subject officers, witnesses, witness officers, and other individuals who arrive at the scene prior to the Force Investigation team.
Monitor Officer
And unintentional discharge of a firearm that does not cause injury or death to a person, or the humane euthanizing of injured or dangerous animals.
Other firearm discharge.
And objective standard of force viewed from the perspective of a reasonable officer, without the benefit of 20/20 hindsight, and based on the totality of the circumstances presented at the moment the force was used.
Reasonable force
Any use of force which results in injury or complaint of injury, complaint of continuing pain, or any use of force greater than low level force.
Reportable force
A bodily injury that creates a substantial risk of death, causes serious permanent disfigurement or results in the prolonged loss or impairment of the functioning of any body part.
Substantial bodily injury
Any force which results in treatment at a medical facility due to injuries or alleged injuries caused by an officer. Examples include, but are not limited to: skeletal fractures, serious bodily injury, or complaint of injury to a persons head or sternum.
Significant force
What are the factors that determine objectively reasonable force, also known as the eight prongs?
- Severity of crime at issue
- Whether or not the suspect poses an immediate threat to the safety of officers or others.
- Where do the subject is actively resisting arrest or attempting to evade arrest by flight.
- The influence of drugs or alcohol or the mental capacity of the subject.
- The time available for an officer to make a decision.
- The availability of officers and resources, including the number of officers present at the time, to de-escalate the situation.
- The proximity or access of weapons to the subject.
- Environmental factors and other exigent circumstances
Officers will only use a level of force that is what?
objectively reasonable to bring an incident or persons under control.
An objective standard of force viewed from the perspective of a reasonable officer, without the benefit of 20/20 hindsight, and based on the totality of the circumstances presented at the moment the forced is used.
Objectively reasonable
Whenever an officer applies a use of force option upon a subject that results in either observable signs or complaints of injury or difficulty breathing, the officer will what?
Continuously monitor the subject and immediately summon medical attention.
Medical attention will be summoned for the following use of force applications regardless of visible injury or a complaint of injury
- Baton, any strikes to the head neck or groin
- K9, all bites
- ECD, probes to the head, neck, chest or groin.
- OC spray, direct exposure to the face
- Use of Force with a projectile weapon
- Low lethal shotgun.
- 40 MM
- PIT (precision intervention technique)
- ramming - all
- Handgun/shotgun/rifle
In regards to Use of Force - It is the policy of this department that officers hold the highest regard for the _____ and _____ of all persons and place _____ _____ up the use of force.
Dignity
Liberty
Minimal reliance
An officer’s actions to slow down, stabilize, and resolve and incident as safely as possible by reducing danger through the use of verbal persuasion, tactics, resources, and transitioning through force options.
De-escalation
The placement of a subject’s body in a manner that does not restrict breathing or obstruct the airway, i.e., on their side or upright.
Recovery postion
Officers may _____ ______ to protect themselves or others, overcome resistance, to effect a lawful detention, a lawful arrest, or to conduct a lawful search.
Use Force
Officers are legally authorized to use deadly force to effect an arrest when in compliance with what two things?
NRS
Legal standards under Tennessee v. Garner (1985)
Officers are legally authorized to use deadly force to effect an arrest when in compliance with NRS and Tennessee v. Garner to?
- Protect themselves of others from what is reasonably believed to be an imminent threat of death or substantial bodily injury.
- Prevent the escape of a fleeing felon who the officer has probably cause to believe has committed a violent felony crime and is an imminent threat to human life if escape should occur.
Officers will give a _____, if feasible, before the use of deadly force.
Warning
As stated in NRS 171.1455, officers will only use the amount of force necessary to effect a what
Arrest
In regards to use of force/de-escalation, Supervisors will possess a _______________and __________________________
thorough knowledge of tactics
ensure that officers under their supervision perform to a standard (in accordance with LVMPD policy and training).
Supervisors will acknowledge and respond to incidents in a timely manner when?
officer use of reportable force is probable (see LVMPD 3.300, Supervisors Tactics for Armed Subject Response).
Upon observing substandard officer approaches or flaws in tactical decisions, the supervisor will
promptly act to correct any deficiencies.
At times, de-escalation may mean the timely and appropriate use of a
lower force option to mitigate a later need to use greater force.
Any officer present, regardless of rank, and observing another officer using force that is clearly beyond what is justified or objectively reasonable under the circumstances will,
when in a safe position to do so, intercede to prevent the use of unreasonable force.
Any officer present, regardless of rank, and observing another officer using force that is clearly beyond what is justified or objectively reasonable under the circumstances will, when in a safe position to do so, intercede to prevent the use of unreasonable force. The officer will
promptly report these observations and the efforts made to intervene to a supervisor.
Any officer present, regardless of rank, and observing another officer using force that is clearly beyond what is justified or objectively reasonable under the circumstances will, when in a safe position to do so, intercede to prevent the use of unreasonable force.
report it to the next level of supervision.
Any officer present, regardless of rank, and observing another officer using force that is clearly beyond what is justified or objectively reasonable under the circumstances will, when in a safe position to do so, intercede to prevent the use of unreasonable force. If the observing officer is a supervisor, they will
issue a direct order to stop the violation.
In regards to Duty to Intervene - Reporting officer will document what in writing?
- Date, time, and location of the incident
- Identity, if known, and description of the participants 3. Description of the actions taken as a result of the observation
n regards to Duty to Intervene - Reporting officer will document in writing 1. Date, time, and location of the incident 2. Identity, if known, and description of the participants 3. Description of the actions taken as a result of the observation
no later than how many days after the occurrence?
10 Days
The department or any employee will not retaliate against or discipline an employee who
intervenes to stop any unjustified or unreasonable use of force or subsequent reporting.
When requesting medical attention, the officer will provide?
- the nature of the injury,
- the subject’s age and gender
- other circumstances that could be of potential medical risk to the subject (e.g., obesity, suspected drug use, extreme agitation, profuse sweating, labored breathing, complaint of chest pain, or involvement in a foot pursuit)
Officers will or will not restrain subjects who are in custody and under control in a manner that compromises their ability to breathe?
Will Not
After prisoner transport, the arresting officer will notify who? if the subject has a visible injury, complains of injury,
detention personnel and facility medical staff
Officers will modify their ______ in relation to the amount of resistance offered by a subject.
level of control
general categories of behavior or actions exhibited by a subject at the time of a police encounter:
Levels of resistance
What are the different levels of resistance?
- Compliant
- Obstructive
- Assaultive
- Life-Threatening
what are the 3 levels of control?
Low Level Force
- Intermediate Force
- Deadly Force
What separates Low Level force from Intermediate and deadly force?
Subject’s Intent to Harm
In regards to levels of resistance - A subject who is uncooperative, not complying with an officer’s commands, or their physical actions are intended to prevent an officer from placing the subject in custody or under control; the subject’s actions are not directed at harming the officer or others is what?
Obstructive
In regards to levels of resistance - A subject who demonstrates the intent to harm the officer, others or themselves is what?
Assaultive
In regards to levels of resistance - A subject whose actions are likely to result in death or substantial bodily injury to the officer or others is what?
Life-Threatening
Low Level Force includes what options?
a. Officer presence
b. Verbal communication
c. Empty hand tactics (physical constraint, hand control [escorts], takedowns not likely to cause injury)
d. Handcuffs/Hobbles/DSD specialty restraints (excluding restraint chair as defined in NRS 193.350)
e. Baton (as escort tool)
f. Canine (on leash)
g. Stationary vehicle immobilization technique (pinching)
Intermediate Force includes what options?
a. Empty hand tactics (strikes, kicks)
b. DSD specialty restraint devices (including restraint chair)
c. Baton/Impact tools (jabs, strikes)
d. Oleoresin capsicum (OC) spray
e. Electronic control device (ECD)
f. Low lethality shotgun (fired at a distance of seven yards or greater)
g. 40mm specialty impact weapon (fired at a distance of five yards or greater)
h. Canine (with bites)
i. PIT (speeds 40 mph or below)