USCP L2 Flashcards
is a group of people living together with shared customs, laws, and organizations in a specific location
society
is the study of nature and dynamics of human society
sociology
origin of the word sociology
socious (companion) and logos study
LATIN
known as the father of sociology and positivism, contributed to the field by introducing the LAW OF THREE STAGES
auguste comte
people explain natural events and society based on different things
explanation range from basic to complex
law of three stages
what are the law of three stages
- theological stage
2.Metaphysical stage - Positivist stage
people in this stage attribute natural events and society to divine, supernatural powers, and gods.
theological stage
people in this stage attribute events in nature and society to a divinely ordained natural or philosophy
metaphysical stage
people analyze events in nature and society using rational and scientific methods
positivist stage
who proposed an analogy for society as an organism composed of interdependent parts.
emile durkheim
society enforces laws, norms, and belief systems to regulate an individual’s behavior in becoming a productive member
Organic Analogy by emile durkheim
explains that societies rise and fall due to changes in economic relations referred to as modes of production
ruling class and the lower classes
karl marx
what are the two modes of production
forces of production and relations of production by karl max
raw materials, machines, tools, buildings and labor used to produce goods
forces of production
the ownership, control, and power relations between the people involved in the production of goods
Relations of production
who explored the shift from traditional values as the main driver of individual actions in society to economic gains as the primary motivation for social actions
Max Weber
individuals act based on the course of action that they think would benefit them the most.
iron cage by max weber
who has an outlook where we see our individual lives are affected and reflective of the larger social context
wright mills
used to relate the inaccessibility to basic needs to unjust wages and working conditions, socioeconomic inequality, and poverty.
social imagination by wright mills
employs various perspectives in examining social phenomena
sociological theories
what are the three sociological theories
structural functionalism
symbolic interactionism
conflict theory
view society as an organism and examines how it is established, maintained, and strengthened.
structural functionalism
focuses on human social interactions as a continuous process of interpretation, assignment of meaning, and responding to signals in the social environment
symbolic interactionism
considers different social categories that may contribute to power struggles and conflict such as economic classes, gender, and race
Conflict theory
levels of analysis
- Macro
- Micro
focuses on the bigger picture
explores large-scale analysis of social phenomenon like social structures, institutions, and larger patterns of behavior and interactions
macro
employed by structural functionalism and conflict theory
macro
examines the specific details of interactions and how people act or respond when they communicate with others
micro
employed by symbolic interactionism
micro
