Usability Flashcards
What is HCI?
Human–computer interaction
Importance of HCI
Paying attention to people’s needs, to the usability of the products, to the overall user experience
results in reduced calls to customer helpline, fewer
training materials, increased throughput, increased
sales and so on.
What’s the main aspect about HCI?
Design products so that they can be used by as many people as possible including people with disabilities.
Why project desginers are important?
Because they can adapt brick and mortar businesses into online hybrids and it works like this with everything.
Questions to ask yourself when
designing an interactive product
Do users like using your product?
Would they recommend your product to others?
Poor navigation results in…
Overall bad experience
Efficiency. Why is it important?
An efficient system ought to require as little effort as possible
The time required to perform selected tasks.
Utility. Example of a good product and a bad product
Bad:
Software drawing tool that does not allow users to draw freehand
Good:
Apple Pen which can be used in any app.
Ease of learning. Explain
People do not like
spending long time learning how to use a system. They
want to get started straight away and become
competent at carrying out tasks without too much
effort.
How the learnability is measured?
The time required to learn the system
The time required to achieve a stated performance criterion
The difficulties observed in acquiring the necessary skill
What’s important about Visibility. while creating a software or a product?
Try to ensure that things are visible so that people can see what functions are available and what the system is currently doing.
Familiarity. Where this should be used and how?
Use language and symbol that the intended audience will be familiar with.
Memorability. Explain.
A good product is the one that do not require user to memorise it. Instead, user should be able to go through the layout and flow easily whenever he comes to use the product.
Usable products will not rely on the user’s needs and beliefs to be effective. True or False?
False
In a banking application, which one of the following methods could be used to prevent users from making serious errors?
Provide constraints
Allow users to identify errors
Allow mobile access
Maximise users knowledge
Provide constraints
Provide constraints
Which two of the following can affect the user experience of an airline’s website.
Select one or more:
Users consider the fares shown on the website to be quite high.
The graphics on the website are attractive.
Luggage costs are hidden until users have entered their names.
search for ‘Strassbourg’ does not suggest ‘Strasbourg’
is possible to cancel a ticket and get part of the fare refunded, but all users struggled to find out how to get a refund.
Luggage costs are hidden until users have entered their names.
It is possible to cancel a ticket and get part of the fare refunded, but all users struggled to find out how to get a refund.
What are the factors of usability?
Effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction
A car rental website does not offer users the opportunity to cancel a reservation. An analysis of the context of use shows that users need this function. Which aspect of HCI is violated by this website?
Usability
What is User Centred Design?
Design processes in which end-users influence how a design takes shape
What is User Centered Design Process?
Conventional development process assumes that the user interface should be addressed after coding begins – sometimes even after it ends
Who is a Direct user?
People who use system themselves to carryout their duties or task
Who are Indirect users?
User who ask other people to use the system of their behalf e.g. A customer wishing to book a flight might ask a travel agent to consult the online system.
Who are Remote users?
Do not directly use the system themselves but nevertheless depends upon it for output.
e.g. Customer depend on bank system for information regarding their account
Who are Support users?
Is part of the administration and technical team which supports the work of other people.
What should be includen into design for The elderly people?
Pictures with low contrast as they struggling to see.
Interfaces that support ageing senses
Which of the following describes a process in User Centred Design?
Select one:
Learnability
Usability
Effectiveness
Identifying potential users
Identifying potential users
A persona can be used to capture the following, except
Select one:
Users Implementation
Users needs
Users skills
Users personality
Users Implementation
UCD is an approach that
Select one:
Describes the task of the design and usability team
Focuses on the needs of a user iteratively throughout the product life cycle
Captures the design principle
Helps the professional team to complete the project life cycle easily
Focuses on the needs of a user iteratively throughout the product life cycle
Users can be classified according to their
Select one:
Level of expertise
Scenario
Persona
Usability test results
Level of expertise
Which of the following method can be used to elicit information about the users
Select one:
Interviews
Design process
Error Feedback
Program Feedback
Interviews
In User Centred Design, a product can be evaluated against the?
Select one:
Requirements
Usability lab
Data collection method
Design process
Requirements
Which two of the following is important when getting to know the user?
Select one or more:
User’s age range
User’s design
User’s questionnaires
User’s classification
User’s age range
User’s classification
Web accessibility. Explain.
Means that websites, tools, and technologies are designed and developed so that people with disabilities
can use them.
When can web be easilly accessed? (Conditions)
When there are no further requirements for the user, discriminating him by their conditions. Such as:
Visual (blindness, low vision, colour blindness)
Motor (cerebral palsy, Parkinson’s disease, arthritis)
Cognitive (dyslexia, attention deficit disorder)
Auditory (sound, hearing impaired audience)
Speech
Why is accessibility important?
Limited accessibility reduces the Internet’s potential as an effective tool.
What are the pros and cons of Use of the Web is spreading rapidly into all areas of society?
Pros: Social, mobile computing, ubiquitous computing digital economic
Cons:
Digital isolation
social exclusion
disempowerment
What are the two approaches for a design?
Two main approaches to designing for accessibility are “design for all” and “inclusive design.
Design for all:
This is also known as Universal Design. The design does not disadvantage or stigmatize any group of users.
Simple, intuitive use: The use of design is easy to understand, regardless of the user’s experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level.
What is described as Universal design?
Design for all:
This is also known as Universal Design. The design does not disadvantage or stigmatize any group of users.
Simple, intuitive use: The use of design is easy to understand, regardless of the user’s experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level.
What is described as Inclusive design?
Varying ability is not a particular condition of the few but a common characteristic of being human and we change
physically and intellectually throughout our lives.
If a design works well for people with disabilities, it works better for everyone.
Usability and aesthetics are mutually compatible.
What is a Web Accessibility Checker?
It checks how easily can the website be accessed.
Waht are the four rules that you should always keep in mind while creating a system, website or a web app?
Perceivable - Information and user interface components must be presentable to users in ways they can perceive.
This means that users must be able to perceive the information being presented (it can’t be invisible to all of
their senses).
Operable - User interface components and navigation must be operable.
This means that users must be able to operate the interface (the interface cannot require interaction that a
user cannot perform).
Understandable - Information and the operation of user the interface must be understandable.
This means that users must be able to understand the information as well as the operation of the user interface
(the content or operation cannot be beyond their understanding).
Robust - Content must be robust enough that it can be interpreted reliably by a wide variety of user agents,
including assistive technologies.
This means that users must be able to access the content as technologies advance (as technologies and user agents evolve,
the content should remain accessible).
The United Nations and the W3C have declarations and guidelines that include
Select one:
Ensuring that only the elderly can get access to information that is delivered through software technologies
Ensuring that only those with visual impairment can get access to information that is delivered through software technologies
Ensuring that everyone can get access to information that is delivered through software technologies
Ensuring that except people with visual impairments all can get access to information that is delivered through software technologies
Ensuring that everyone can get access to information that is delivered through software technologies
Which of the following individuals may have difficulties accessing content on the web?
Select one: A 52-year-old woman that has multiple sclerosis All the answers are correct A 12-year-old girl that is deaf A 20-year-old man that is legally blind
All the answers are correct
To analyze the accessibility of a website, what kinds of tests can be performed?
Select one:
Manual analysis by an expert
Analysis with an automatic evaluation tool
All the answers are correct
User tests
All the answers are correct
What are the risks of an inaccessible web application?
Select one:
Poor brand reputation
All other options are correct
Loss of revenue
Isolation for users
All other options are correct
True or False: Information and user interface components must be presentable to users in ways they perceive?
Select one:
False
True
True
Lisa works on a desktop and her mobile device. She finds that her user experience with these two devices on the same site is very different. What would improve Lisa’s experience on multiple devices?
Select one:
Make sites compatible on multiple platforms without losing functionality.
Minimize items on the screen and eliminate interactivity
All of the above
Recommend user only to use a specific screen size
Make sites compatible on multiple platforms without losing functionality.
Select the true statement about accessibility
Select one:
User should always identify their mistakes
Fixing accessibility issues are costly. Therefore, the web page can be used until you get a complaint
User interface components and navigation must be operable
None of the above
User interface components and navigation must be operable
A web application is only accessible if you use the accessibility checker
Select one:
True
False
False
The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) includes
Select one:
Predictable, Operable, Understandable, Repeatable
Principle, Objective, Understandable, Robust
Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, Robust
Perceivable, Operated, Understandable, Regressive
Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, Robust
What is a Standard?
An agreed way of doing something
Specific and measurable
Officially documented
Why do we need Standards?
Standards promote best practice
Standards are independent. The guidance in standards does not represent the
opinion of one company or one usability expert but presents a balanced, authoritative view.
Standards encourage consistency. Consistency is an important factor in creating websites that are simple to use.
Standards mean business. Companies can ignore your research findings but they can’t ignore standards since compliance is a mandatory requirement in many contracts (especially in the EU).
What is ISO and what it does do?
The ISO (The International Organization for Standardisation) gives world-class specifications for products, services, and systems, to ensure quality, safety, and efficiency.
For businesses, they are strategic tools that reduce costs by minimizing waste and errors and increasing productivity.
They help companies to access new markets, level the playing field for developing countries, and facilitate free and fair global trade.
In what major areas ISO Standards are used?
Purpose and strategy.
Content and functionality.
Navigation and interaction.
Media design and presentation.
What is a Guideline?
A general rule that it is advisable to follow.
A piece of advice on how to do something.
Principle = abstract design rule
Guideline = advice on how to achieve the principle
What are the Benefits of Guidelines?
Guidelines provide a clear sense of the range of issues that designers—especially those new to the field.
Applying the Guidelines helps to reduce the negative impacts of ’opinion-driven’ design, and referring to evidence-based guidance can reduce the clashes resulting from differences of opinion between design team members.
List three Examples of Guidelines.
Apple/Mac/IOS Human Interface Guidelines
Microsoft Design Principles and Guidelines
Android Design Principles and Material Design
Usability Heuristics. List three of them.
Rule of thumb - an experience rather theory
Common sense
Experience-based technique to solve a problem
Why Evaluation is essential?
Evaluation is the process by which the interface is tested against the needs and practices of the user. It is hoped that evaluation will get rid of any problems that might be present in the system.
UX Designer. Who is that person and what he does do?
UX designers can learn about what users think and what makes a good system.
Find out how effective and efficient is the software being studied, and how much
the users enjoy using it and how much it annoys and frustrates them, and where they “get stuck“
Identify problems and the effect of the interface upon user
Functionality
Usability
User experience
Framing research questions.
List five starting with “W”, and two starting with “H”.
Who– Who is using the products
What– What is it they need, what are they comfortable with?
When– When are they using it?
Where– Where are they using it?
Why- Why they are using it?
How- How it is that people in see a product in the context of what is they are trying to accomplish in their life.
How many- How many people are you creating the experience for or how many people do you need to test with.
What are the five types of Evaluation? Explain them.
Summative, Formative, Analytic, Heuristic, Empirical
Summative Evaluation
Undertaken at the end of the development process
Provides an evaluation or summary of the end product
Matches system to requirements specification
Formative Evaluation
Undertaken during the development process
Used to inform the development process hence is applied to a prototype rather than a complete system
Analytic Evaluation
Consists of formal methods for analyzing interfaces
Heuristic evaluation is a usability inspection method for computer software that helps to identify usability problems in the user interface design. It specifically involves evaluators examining the interface and judging its compliance with recognized usability principles.
Empirical Evaluation
users participate in trials of prototype interfaces
requires careful design of the trial’s content and conduct
What is a Cognitive walkthrough?
Evaluates design on how well it supports user in learning task
Expert walks through design to identify problems
