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US SOCIETY AND CULTURE > USA > Flashcards

USA Flashcards

1
Q

Squanto

A

Algonquin: helped english settlers survive the winter by teaching them how to plant

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2
Q

Sacagawea

A

Soshone: Vital role in Lewis and Clark expedition

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3
Q

Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull

A

Let Sioux and Cheyenne troops in the Battle of Little Bighorn 1876

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4
Q

Chief Joseph

A

Leader of Pez Perce

Supported peaceful interaction with white settlers

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5
Q

Age of Exploration

A

Considered to have begun in early 15th century and continued into the 17th century.
Spurred by technological advances in mapmaking and Shipbuilding

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6
Q

Voyage of Christopher Columbus

A

Discovered the Americas on his journey in 1942 aboard the nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria

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7
Q

Navigation Acts

A

Enacted in 1651 banned foreign trade among British Colonies

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8
Q

French and Indian Wars

A

War between France and England in North America that led to heavy war time debt for England

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9
Q

Reasons for British Taxation on American Colonies

A

Need to pay off war debt
Need for funds to defend expanding empire
Need for funds to govern Britain’s colonies

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10
Q

Quartering Act 1765

A

Required colonists to provide accommodations and supplies for British troops.
Colonists prohibited from settling west of Appalachians

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11
Q

Sugar Act of 1764

A

Required taxes to be collected on molasses brought into the colonies
Right to search the homes of suspected truants

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12
Q

Stamp Act 1765

A

Taxed Printed materials

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13
Q

Townshend Acts of 1767

A

Taxed paper, paint, lead and tea that came to colonists

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14
Q

Boston Massacre

A

March 5 1770 5 protesters shot while protesting British Rule

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15
Q

Tea Act 1773

A

Allowed East India Company to sell tea at lower cost and directly to distributors. In Protest Boston Tea merchants carried out the Boston Tea Party

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16
Q

Coercive Acts 1774

A

Four Coercive Acts meant to punish Americans
Shut down Boston ports
Required local government officials to be appointed by governor
Required locals to provide lodging for British soldiers

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17
Q

First Continental Congress

A

Met September 5th 1774 demanded the Intolerable Acts be repealed and instituted trade embargo with Britain

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18
Q

Second Continental Congress

A

May 10, 1775 discussed how to wage war against Britain and declaring Independence rom Britain

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19
Q

Battle of Lexington and Concord

A

April 1775 First engagement of Revolutionary war

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20
Q

Battle of Bunker Hill

A

June 1775, Proved the colonists could stand against a professional British army

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21
Q

Trenton New Jersey

A

Washington crossed the Delaware on Christmas day

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22
Q

Battle of Saratoga

A

Surrender of John Burgoyne led to France joining war as allies of the US

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23
Q

Battle of Yorktown

A

October 19, 1781 General Cornwallis surrendered

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24
Q

Treaty of Paris

A

Signed September 3 1783

Britain recognized the USA as independent nation

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25
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

Precursor to Constitution
Prevented central government from gaining too much power
Weak alliance of states proved too ineffective

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26
Q

Virginia Plan

A

Representation in congress be based on population

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27
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

proposed that each state have equal representation

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28
Q

Great Compromise

A

The Connecticut Compromise creating a bicameral Congress with representation in the House based on population but senate equal

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29
Q

Three- Fifths Compromise

A

Determined Slaves should be counted as 3/5ths of aperson

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30
Q

Commerce Compromise

A

Congress received regulatory power over all trade
ability to collect tarriffs on exported goods
Allowed imprting slaves to continue for twenty years

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31
Q

Federalist

A

Proposed a Strong central government and a minimization of state rights

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32
Q

Anti Federalist

A

Argued against constitution as it gave too much power to central government

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33
Q

Alien and Sedition Acts

A

Made it illegal to speak in a hostile fashion against the existing government
President could deport anyone not a citizen suspected of treason

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34
Q

Marbury v. Madison

A

Case sent a precedent for Supreme court the right of judicial review
Ability to nullify laws found to be unconstitutional

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35
Q

McCulloch v. Maryland

A

Case regarding Second Bank of the US and taxation by the state of Maryland
Precedent given to the federal government to prevail

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36
Q

Indian Removal Act 1830

A

Gave American government a claim to land east of the Mississippi in exchange for land west of Mississippi
Tribal leaders forced into signing treaties

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37
Q

Treaty of new Echota

A

Was the precursor the Martin Van Buren enforcing relocation on Cherokee indians through Trail of Tears

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38
Q

Isolationism

A

US government no intent to establish colonies

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39
Q

No entangling alliances

A

Washington and Jefferson opposed to forming permanent alliances with other countries and becoming involved in internal issues

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40
Q

Nationalism

A

Positive patriotic feeling blossomed after War of 1812

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41
Q

War of 1812

A

Grew out of trade tensions between England and the US

Burning of the white house

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42
Q

Treaty of Ghent

A

Christmas Eve 1814 ended the war of 1812

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43
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

Attempts by European powers to establish new colonies would be considered interference in American politcs

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44
Q

Lewis and Clark Expedition

A

Lewis and Clark headed an expedition to discover the land bought in the Louisiana purchase

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45
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

American destined by God to expand west, bringing as much of the North American continent to the US

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46
Q

Gadsen Purchase

A

1854 was the Second treaty of the Mexican-American War. Added California, Nevada, Utah and portions of New Mexico, Wyoming, Colorado and Arizona

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47
Q

Jacksonian Democracy

A

Shift in politics from favoring the wealthy to focusing on the common man. Favoring the
Patronage System
Laissez Fair Econoics
Relocation of Indian Tribes

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48
Q

Null and Void

A

South Carolina stated it could ignore or nullify any federal law it considered unconstitutional

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49
Q

Second Great Awakening

A

Occurred between 1800-1830 lead by evangelical leaders with a focus on
Personal Responsibility in response to injustice

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50
Q

Significant leaders in Women’s rights movement

A

Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Ernestine Rose
Lucretia Mott
Susan B. Anthony

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51
Q

Seneca Falls

A

1848 was the first convention held by the National Women Suffrage Association which was dedicated to fighting for the right ot vote

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52
Q

Harriet Beecher Stow

A

Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin which highlighted the issues of slavery and was a rallying point for northern abolistionists

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53
Q

American Colonization Society

A

Protestant churches aimed at returning black slaves to Africa

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54
Q

American Anti-Slavery Society

A

Led by William Lloyd Garrison was a major abolitionist supporter
Publisher of the Liberator

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55
Q

Female Anti-Slavery Society

A

Formed by Margaretta Forten was a womens society against the institution of slavery

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56
Q

Female Vigilant Society

A

Organization that raised funds to help the Underground Railroad

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57
Q

Missouri Compromise

A

Brought Maine into the union as a free state and Missouri as slave state
Remaining portion of Louisiana Purchase split on the 36 30 lines

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58
Q

Popular Sovereignty

A

Each individual state should decide whether to allow or permit slavery within its borders

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59
Q

Compromise of 1850

A

California admitted as free state
Slave trade in D.C. outlawed
Increase in efforts to capture escaped slaves
New Mexico/Uta decide whether to allow slavery or nah

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60
Q

Kansas-Nebraska Act

A

Allowed for popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska

Slavery opponents argued the Missouri Compromise had already made slavery illegal

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61
Q

Dred Scott Decision

A 
Dred Scott (a slave) had travelled to Minnesota a free state and abolitionists argued after his master died he was a free man
Supreme Court stated Scott as a slave was not a citizen, and that Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional
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62
Q

Harper’s Ferry

A

Led by John Brown was an attack on Harper’s Ferry arsenal and intended to lead a slave revolt
Was captured and hanged

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63
Q

Northern Advantages in Civil War

A

Larger Population
Better transportation and finances
More raw materials

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64
Q

Southern Advantages in Civil War

A

Better trained military officers
More familiar with weapons
Defensive position
Well-defined goals

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65
Q

Emancipation Proclamation

A

Issued in 1862: it freed all slaves in the Confederate states

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66
Q

Battle of Bull Run

A

July 21, 1861.
First major land battle of the Civil War
Was a bloodbath where the Union was defeated
Set the course for a long war

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67
Q

Capture of Fort Henry

A

February 1862

Marked the Union’s first major victory

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68
Q

Gettysburg

A

July 1-3 1863
Turning point of the war
Largest casualties of the war

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69
Q

Overland Campaign

A

1864

Led a high casualty campaign that positioned the Union for victory

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70
Q

Sherman’s march to the Sea

A

May of 1864

William Tecumseh Sherman marched from Atlanta to Savannah destroying indiscriminately as he went

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71
Q

Lincoln’s Assassination

A

April 14, 1865

Shot by John Wilkes Booth while watching Our American Cousin

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72
Q

Thirteenth Amendment

A

December 18, 1865

Prohibited Slavery

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73
Q

Fourteenth Amendment

A

July 9, 1868

Overturned Dred Scott decision– guaranteeing rights of citizens

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74
Q

Fifteenth Amendment

A

February 3, 1870

No citizen denied the right to vote based on race, color, or previous status as a slave

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75
Q

Reconstruction Acts

A

1866
Put all confederate states under military rule
Aimed at assimilating Confederate states back into Union

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76
Q

Freedman’s Bureau

A

Formed to help freedmen and give assistance to whites in the South who needed basic necessities
Intended to help freed slaves become self sufficient

77
Q

Presidential Reconstruction

A

Driven by Andrew Johnson’s policies

Lenient on the South and allowed discrimination of blacks

78
Q

Congressional Reconstruction

A

Provided wider range of civil rights for blacks and greater control over southern government
Marked by military control of south

79
Q

Redemption

A

Confederate states readmitted to the Union

Troops leaving the south in 1877

80
Q

Radical Republicans

A

Wished to treat the South harshly following the war

All black men the right to vote

81
Q

Moderate Republicans

A

Only black men who were literate and who served as Union troops to vote

82
Q

Black Codes

A

Proposed to control freed slaves
Not be allowed to bear arms, assemble, serve on juries or testify against whites
Schools segregated
Unemployed blacks arrested and forced to work

83
Q

Civil Rights Bill

A

Countered the Black Codes
Wider rights for blacks
Led to Andrew Johnson being impeached

84
Q

Scalawags

A

Southern whites who aligned with Freedmen to take over local governments

85
Q

Carpetbaggers

A

Northerners who travelled to the South for

Make money/acquire political power

86
Q

Transcontinental Railroad

A

Improved transportation across the nation

87
Q

Naturalization Act

A

1870

Put limits on U.S. citizenship, allowing full citizenship only to whites and those of african descent

88
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act

A

1882

Limits on Chinese immigration

89
Q

Immigration Act of 1882

A

Taxed immigrants to pay administration fees

90
Q

Emergency Quota Act

A

Johnson Quota Act

Limited the number of immigrants allowed into the country

91
Q

Department of Agriculture

A

Founded in 1862

working for interests of farmers and ranchers

92
Q

Morrill Land-Grant Acts

A

1862

Allowed land-grant colleges

93
Q

Hatch Act of 1887

A

Worked in conjunction with land-grand colleges

Helped bring agricultural experimental stations into picture

94
Q

Smith Lever Act

A

1914

Coop programs that helped educate people about food, home economics, community development and agriculture

95
Q

Alexander Graham bell

A

Inventor of the telephone

96
Q

Orville and Wilbur Wright

A

Inventor of the airplane

97
Q

Richard Gatling

A

Inventor of the machine gun

98
Q

Walter Hunt, Elias Howe and Issac Singer

A

Inventor of the sewing machine

99
Q

Nikola Tesla

A

Inventor of the alternating current

100
Q

George Eastman

A

Inventor of the camera

101
Q

Thomas Edison

A

Inventor of the lightbulb, motion pictures and phonograph

102
Q

Samual Morse

A

Inventor of the telegraph

103
Q

Charles Goodyear

A

Inventor of vulcanized rubber

104
Q

Cyrus McCormick

A

Inventor of the reaper

105
Q

Gilded Age

A

Time period from post Civil War to beginning of WW1
Changing from Agricultural based economy to industrial
Cities grew rapidly and large number of immigrants arrived

106
Q

Populist Party

A

Joined by the farmers alliance and Knights of Labors and upset at the economic state of the country. Increasing the voice of the common man
Platform included
National Currency
Income Tax
Government ownership of railroads, telegraph/telephone systems
Secret ballot for voting
Immigration restriction
Term limits for Presidents and Vice Presidents

107
Q

Homestead Strike

A

1892

Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers struck against Carnegie Steel Company

108
Q

Pullman Strike

A

1864

Led by Eugene Debs, employees struck agains Pullman Palace Car Co. after their wages were cut by 28%

109
Q

Children’s Crusade

A

Led by Mary Harris Jones was a crusade to protest child lbor

110
Q

Panic of 1893

A

Economic Criss that affected most the globe

Led to bankruptcies with railroads going under and factory unemployment rising to 25%

111
Q

Progressive Era

A

Period following 1890s that advocated in favor of
Workers protection
Measures against corruption
Science could improve society

112
Q

Muckrackers

A

Aggressive investigative journalists who brought to light scandals, corruption other worngs

113
Q

Ida Tarbell

A

Journalist who exposed the Standard Oil Trust

114
Q

Jacob Riis

A

Photographer who helped improve the lot of the poor in New York

115
Q

Lincoln Steffens

A

Worked to expose political corruption

116
Q

Upton Sinclair

A

Author of “The Jungle” that led to reforms in the meat packing industry

117
Q

Sixteenth Amendment

A

1913

Established a graduated income tax

118
Q

Seventeenth Amendment

A

1913

Allowed direct election of Senators

119
Q

Eighteenth Amendment

A

1919

Prohibited the sale, production and importation of alcohol

120
Q

Nineteenth Amendment

A

1920

gave women the right to vote

121
Q

Federal Trade Commission

A

formed in order to enforce antitrust measures and ensure companies operated fairly
Controlling monopolies

122
Q

Sherman Act and Clayton Antitrust Act

A

Set guidelines for competition among corporations and set to eliminate trusts

123
Q

Dawes Act of 1887

A

Ordered assimilation of Native Americans rather than separation

124
Q

Spanish-American War

A

1898- 1902
Was a war between the U.S. and Spain over Cuba.
Was intiated with the loss of the USS Maine

125
Q

Big Stick Diplomacy

A

Roosevelt’s policy to justify expanded involvement foreign affairs
Led to an increase in the U.S. navy

126
Q

Dollar Diplomacy

A

Policy created by William Howard Taft
Describes American efforts to influence Latin America and East Asia through economic rather than military means
Needed to protect Panama Canal for economic interests

127
Q

Woodrow Wilson’s International Diplomacy

A

Liberalization and view that democracy would lead to worldwide stability.
Maintaining a strong military
Promoting democracy
Expanding International trade to boost ecnomy

128
Q

Wilson’s 14 Points

A

Were Wilson’s proposed points on how to create a peace settlement to end WW1

129
Q

National Origins Act of 1924

A

Placed limitations on immigrations.
Number of immigrants allowed into the U.s. was based on the population of each nationality of immigrants who were living in the US

130
Q

Red Scare

A

Caused by the increased visibility of International Workers of the World and Socialist party
Attempted to organize strikes
Resulted in fear of bolshevism

131
Q

Universal Negro Improvement Association

A

Headed by Marcus Garvey

Organization focused on building black nationalism

132
Q

NAACP

A

Helped prevent racial segregation from becoming federal law
Fought lynchings
Helped black soldiers in WW1 become officers

133
Q

American Civil Liberties Union

A

Founded in 1920
Goals were to protect immigrants and other citrizens who were threatened with prosecution for their political beliefs and support labor unions

134
Q

Anti-Defamation League

A

Formed in 1913

Formed to prevent anti-Semetic behavior and practices

135
Q

New Deal

A

Legislature aimed at providing jobs, wages and relief to numerous workers
Relief: Creation of jobs
Recovery: Stimulate the economy through National Recovery Administration
Reform: Pass legislation to prevent future similar economic crashes

136
Q

Glass-Steagall Act

A

Separated investment from the business of banking

137
Q

Securities Exchange Commision

A

SEC

Helped regulate Wall Street investment practices

138
Q

Wagner Act

A

Provided worker and union rights to improve relations between employees and employers

139
Q

Social Security Act of 1935

A

provided pensions as well as unemployment insurance

140
Q

Davis-Bacon Act

A

1931

Provided fair compensation for contractors and subcontractors

141
Q

Walsh-Healey Act

A

1936

Established a minimum wage, child labor laws, safety standards and overtime pay

142
Q

Civilian Conservation Corps

A

(CCC)

Provided jobs in the forestry service

143
Q

Agricultural Adjustment Administration

A

(AAA)

Increased agricultural income by adjusting both production and prices

144
Q

Tennessee Valley Authority

A

TVA

Organized projects to build dams in the Tennessee River for Flood control and production of electricity

145
Q

Public Works Administration & Civil Works Administration

A

PWA & CWA

initiated over 34K projects, providing employment

146
Q

Works Progress Administration

A

WPA

helped unemployed persons secure employment on government work projects

147
Q

Interventionist

A

Approach by Roosevelt to war in Europe

Supplying of all required war materials

148
Q

Isolationists

A

Believed US should not provide any aid to the Allies

Roosevelt leading the US into a war with favoring other nations

149
Q

Yalta Conference

A

February 1945

Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill meet to discuss post war treatment of Europe

150
Q

Potsdam Conference

A 
Was the formalizing of the Yalta Conference
Basic Provisions:
Divided Germany/Berlin into four zones
Demilitarization of Germany
Poland remaining under Soviet control
Outlawing Nazi Party
Trials for Nazi leaders
Relocation of numerous German citizens
USS joined UN 
Establishment of UN security council
151
Q

Post War Japan

A

US occupation aimed at removing Japan’s military and making country a democracy.
Creation of a constitution
Trying of war criminals
No longer allowed to declare war

152
Q

442nd Regimental Combat Team

A

Japanese Americans fighting in Europe for the US.
Most highly decorated unit per member in US History
93% casualty rate

153
Q

Tuskegee Airmen

A

First Black americans allowed to fly for the military

Flew over 15,000 missions and were highly decorated

154
Q

Navajo Code talkers

A

Navajo who used their traditional language to transmit info about allied forces
Because it’s a language and not a code Axis powers never able to crack it

155
Q

Harry S. Truman

A

Initiated the fair deal

Expanding social security, providing public housing, and made Fair Employment practices Act permanent

156
Q

Korean War

A

1950-1953
North Korea sending communist troops into South Korea to reunite countries
UN action led to cross national military action

157
Q

Dwight D. Eisenhower

A

Worked on minimizing tensions during Cold War
Negotiated peace treaty with USSR after Stalin died
Enforced desegregation
Formation of NASA and Department of Health, Education and Welfare

158
Q

John F. Kennedy

A

Instituted economic programs that led to a period of continuous expansion in US
Alliance for Progress and Peace Corps
New Civil Rights legislation
Drafted plans to attack poverty and its causes

159
Q

Cuban Missile Crisis

A

1962
Krushchev decided to send nuclear missiles to Cuba
US naval blockade and negotiations led to the removal of missiles from Cuba and American

160
Q

Lyndon B. Johnson

A

Assumed presidency after Kennedy’s assassination
Saw America as a “Great Society”
Enacted legislation to fight disease and poverty, renew urban areas, support education and environmental conservation

161
Q

Civil Rights Movement

A

1950s
Aimed at tackling the rising inequality among African Americans
Demanding equal rights through non violent opposition

162
Q

Malcolm X

A

Became black a Muslim and supported Black nationalism

163
Q

Stokely Carmichael

A

Inventor of the term “Black Power” head of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
Believed in Black culture and Black Pride

164
Q

Adam Clayton Powell

A

Chairman of the Coordinating Committee for Employment

led rent strikes, bus boycotts

165
Q

Jesse Jackson

A

Selected as to head the Chicago Operations Breadbasket in 1966 by Martin Luther King Jr.
Went on to organize boycotts and other actions

166
Q

Montgomery Bus Boycott

A

1955
Followed Rosa Parks refusing to give up her seat to a white man
381 boycott ensued protesting segregation on public buses

167
Q

Desegregation of Little Rock

A

1957
Following Supreme Court decision of Brown vs. Board of Education
Governor brought in national guard to prevent black students from desegregating

168
Q

Birmingham Campaign

A

Protesters organized sit ins and an organized variety actions
Protesters arrested and jailed

169
Q

Brown vs Board of Education

A

1954

Supreme Court declared that “separate but equal” accommodations and services we unconstitutional

170
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1964

A

declared discrimination illegal in employment, education or public accommodation

171
Q

Voting Rights Act of 1965

A

ended various activities mostly in the South, to bar blacks from exercising their voting rights.. these included poll taxes and literacy tests

172
Q

Marshall Plan

A

sent aid to war-torn Europe after WWII, preventing spread of communism

173
Q

Containment

A

Proposed by George F. Kennan

Containment focused on containing the spread of Soviet Communism

174
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

US would provide both economic and military support to any country threatened by Soviet takeover

175
Q

National Security Act

A

1947

Department of Defense, the Central Intelligence Agency and National Security Council

176
Q

NATO

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organization founded by 1949

Agreement between US and western European countries that and mutual defense

177
Q

Warsaw Pact

A

Soviet Response to NATO with Bulgaria, East Germany, Poland, Romania, etc

178
Q

Migrant and Refugee Assistance Act

A

1962

Helped assist refugees in need

179
Q

Immigration Act of 1965

A

Ended quotas based on nation of origin

180
Q

Immigration Reform and Control Act

A

1986
Prohibited the hiring of illegal immigrants, but also granted amnesty to about three million illegals already in the country

181
Q

Richard Nixon’s Presidency

A 
Vietnam War comes to an end
Improved diplomatic relations between US & China, US and USSR
EPA 
Compulsory Draft ended
Legalized abortion in Roe v. Wade
Watergate
182
Q

Gerald Ford’s Presidency

A

Appointed to Vice president after Spiro Agnew (Nixon’s Vice President) resigned after tax evasion charges
Negotiations to limit nuclear arms
Struggled to deal with inflation, economic downturn and energy shortages

183
Q

Carter Administration

A

Elected in 1976
Faced Budget deficits, high unemployment and continued inflation
Panama Canal Treaties
Camp David Accords (peace treaty between Israel and Egypt)
SALT
Iran Hostage Crisis

184
Q

Ronal Reagan

A 
Reaganomics and trickle down economics
Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981
Appointed first female Supreme Court judge (Sandra Day O'Connor)
Massive increase in national debt
Reduction of nuclear weapons
Loss of Space Shuttle Challenger
Iran-Contra Scandal
Deregulation of savings/loan industry
185
Q

George H.W. Bush

A

Fall of the Berlin Wall and Germany’s unification
Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega captured and tried for drug charges
Dissolution of Soviet Union
Gulf War or Operation Desert Storm
Tiananmen Square Massacre in Beijing, China
Ruby Ridge
WWW

186
Q

William Clinton

A 
Family and Medical Leave Act
Don't Ask Don't Tell
NAFTA
Defense of Marriage Act
Oslo Accords
Siege at Waco Texas
Troops sent to Haiti, Bosnia, and Somalia to assist with domestic problems
187
Q

George W. Bush

A

9/11/01
Initiated War in Iraq
Economic melt down of mortage industry and increase in price of oil

188
Q

Obama

A 
Economic Bailout Package
Improvements in women's rights
Moves to broaden gay rights
Health Care reform legislation
Reinforcement for war in Afghanistan

US SOCIETY AND CULTURE (1 decks)

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