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USA Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the top 4 wine producing states in the USA?

A

California, New York, Washington, Oregon

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2
Q

What are the top 4 vinifera wine producing states in the USA?

A

California, Washington, Oregon, New York

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3
Q

What is unique about American wine consumption?

A

It is the largest consumer of wine in the world, yet per capita consumption is low(30’s), while old world countries have shrinking consumption the US is still growing

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4
Q

Name 4 Native American Vitis Species

A

Labrusca, Riparia, Aestivalis, Rotundifolia, Rupestris

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5
Q

Why is Vitis Rupestris Notable?

A

Breeding of phylloxera resistant root stocks

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6
Q

What is vitis Rotundifolia also known as?

A

Muscadine grape

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7
Q

When and where was the first wine made in California?

A

1783 by the Franciscan monks at the San Juan Capistrana Monastery from the Mission Grape

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8
Q

When and what created the beginnings of a Viable commercial industry in California?

A

Annexation of California from Mexico in 1847 and the discovery of gold in 1848 at Sutter’s Mill.

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9
Q

Who founded California’s oldest commercial winery? What is it? When?

A

Buena Vista was founded by “Count” Agoston Haraszthy in 1849 in Sonoma, Notable for being killed by an Aligator in the jungles of Nicaragua

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10
Q

What is Napa Valley’s oldest winery? When and who founded it?

A

Charle’s Krug winery was founded in 1861 by Charles Krug in Napa after having worked with Agoston Haraszthy

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11
Q

What is napa valley’s oldest continually operating winery?

A

Beringer founded in 1875(6) originally owned by the Beringer Family.

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12
Q

Who founded Inglenook Winery? When?

A

Gustav Niebaum of Finland started Inglenook in 1879

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13
Q

When was phylloxera discovered in Sonoma for the first time?

A

1873

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14
Q

When was the USA’s first bonded winery started? Where?

A

Pleasant Valley wine co. was started in the 1860’s near the finger lakes. First bonded but not first commercial winery. Still in operation.

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15
Q

Which winery in Missouri was once the 3rd largest winery in the world?

A

Stone Hill Winery

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16
Q

When and where did the first state enact prohibition of alcohol?

A

Maine in 1851

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17
Q

What amendment created National prohibition? Which repealed it?

A

18th Amendment created prohibition, the 21st amendment abolished prohibition.

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18
Q

What act enabled prohibition following the creation of the 18th amendement?

A

The Volstead Act or National Prohibition Act

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19
Q

During what years was US prohibition active?

A

January 17th 1920 to December 5th 1933

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20
Q

Which winery thrived through prohibition and was important for bringing significant technological innovation to California wine post prohibition?

A

Georges de Latour’s Beaulieu vineyards under the direction of russian winemaker Andre Tchelistcheff

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21
Q

Robert Mondavi, Louis Martini, Joe Heitz, and Mike Grgich were all mentored by what famous california wine maker?

A

Andre Tchelistcheff

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22
Q

In what year did Robert Mondavi leave the family owned Charles Krug winery and launch the Robert Mondavi winery?

A

1966

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23
Q

What year is the first year post prohibition that table wines sold more than fortified wines in the USA?

A

1967

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24
Q

When did Robert Mondavi produce the first Fume Blanc?

A

1968

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25
Q

Which winery produces the famous Monte Bello Cabernet Sauvignon and where?

A

Ridge Winery in the Santa Cruz Mountains

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26
Q

What winery is Monterey county’s oldest winery? When did it produce its first wine?

A

Chalone vineyards in 1960

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27
Q

Who is credited with pioneering the wine industry of the willamette valley and when?

A

David Lett with Eyrie Vineyard when he planted pinot noir in the willamette valley in 1966

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28
Q

When did the Paris tasting take place? What were the two winning wines?

A

The tasting took place in 1976 and was won by 1973 Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars Cabernet Sauvignon and 1973 Chateau Montelena Chardonnay

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29
Q

Which rootstock was responsible for the re-emergence of Phylloxera in california?

A

AxR1 rootstock recommended by UC Davis and california growers despite having fallen victim to phylloxera elsewhere in the world.

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30
Q

What 4 large regions are largely unaffected by Phylloxera?

A

Chile, Washington, Much of australia and Cyprus

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31
Q

Which Champagne is made entirely from vines that inexplicably survived phylloxera?

A

Bollinger’s Villes Vignes Francaises

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32
Q

What two bights are currently threats to the california wine industry?

A

Pierce’s Disease and the Light-Brown Apple Moth

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33
Q

How is Pierce’s Disease primarily spread?

A

The Glassy Winged Sharshooter and to a lesser degree other species of leaf hopper

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34
Q

What are the symptoms of Pierce’s disease?

A

Initial browning of the leaves and shoots, eventual vine death

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35
Q

Prior to the ava system’s creation in 1980 what were the only legal appellations of origin?

A

Existing states and counties were the only legal appellations prior to AVAs

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36
Q

What was the first AVA, when was it created?

A

Augusta, Missouri created in late 1980

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37
Q

What was the second AVA?

A

The Napa valley in 1981

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38
Q

What organization was originally responsible for the AVA system, which organization now controls it, when did the change happen?

A

The ATF originally controlled the AVA system, it was transferred to the Tax and Trade bureau in 2002 following its creation.

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39
Q

Which contentious AVA caused the TTB to suspend new AVA creation for two years? Why?

A

From 2007 to 2009 the TTB suspended AVA creation due to the Calistoga AVA. This issue was caused because two wineries in Calistoga had calistoga in their name but did not use enough fruit from the AVA to qualify to use the term. The AVA was created without grandfathering forcing the wineries to adapt.

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40
Q

What are the percentage of grapes required from a stated region required?

A

95% is labelled by Vineyard, 85% if labelled by AVA and 75% if labelled by County, State(3 exceptions) or Country

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41
Q

What percentage of grapes must be from california in a wine labelled california?

A

100%

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42
Q

What percentage of grapes must be from Oregon in a wine labelled oregon?

A

100%

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43
Q

What percentage of grapes must be from Washington in a wine labelled Washington?

A

95%

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44
Q

A wine labelled by AVA in Oregon must use what % fruit form that AVA?

A

95% minimum instead of the federal 85% minimum

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45
Q

What exception to AVA location % is made in washington?

A

If AVA is one of the 3 AVA’s shared by Washington and Oregon and is labelled by AVA and Washington, 95% of the grapes must either be from the Stated AVA or from Washington State on top of the usual 85% AVA requirement.

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46
Q

If a varietal is listed on a wine label in the US, what is the minimum % of that varietal that must be in the Wine?

A

75% of the grapes must be of the stated variety, except for Oregon where it must be 90%(some exceptions) or if it is a Vitis Labrusca grape.

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47
Q

What are some of the Grapes granted an exception to Oregon’s 90% labelling requirement and allowed at the federal 75% instead?

A

Cab Sauv, Cab Franc, Merlot, Petit Verdot, Malbec, Carmenere, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre, Marsanne, Roussanne, Petite Sirah/Durif, Tannat, Tempranillo, Sangiovese, Zinfandel aka Bordeaux Grapes, Major Rhone Grapes and some warm climate grapes

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48
Q

What does estate bottled mean in the USA?

A

100% of the Grapes used in a wine are grown in a single AVA and produced in a winery in the same ava, at no time may the wine leave the winery.

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49
Q

What is a Table or Light wine in the USA? What variation is allowed in stated alcohol on label.

A

A wine with an ABV between 7-14%, 1.5% variation may exist between stated and actual alcohol levels or the winery may not state an alcohol level and instead simply say light wine.

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50
Q

What is a dessert wine in the USA? What variation is allowed on stated ABV?

A

Any wine over 14% alcohol is considered a dessert wine by us regulations, alcohol is allowed to be stated within 1% of actual alcohol.

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51
Q

What is required for a Vintage date to appear on a wine sold in the USA?

A

The appellation must be smaller than a Country, For wines from an AVA 95% must come from the stated vintage, for wines labelled by a state or country 85% must come from the stated vintage.

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52
Q

What are the 4 large super-ava’s of california?

A

North Coast AVA, Central Coast AVA, South Coast AVA and Sierra Foothills AVA. The San Francisco Bay AVA within the Central coast ava is sometimes considered a super AVA. The large Central valley has no AVA of its own.

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53
Q

The Central Valley is responsible for what % of California Wine Production?

A

Around 75% of California wine is made in the central valley despite it not being an AVA itself(it does contain some AVA’s)

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54
Q

Zinfandel once thought to be native to California is actually a clonal variant of what old world grapes?

A

Croatia’s Crljenak Kastelanski and Italy’s Primitivo

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55
Q

Give an example of Teinturier Grape

A

Alicante Bouschet, Baco Noir, Dornfelder, Saperavi, Rubired

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56
Q

How many counties make up the California North Coast AVA?

A

6; Napa, Sonoma, Mendocino, Lake, Solano and Marin Counties

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57
Q

What counties make up the California North Coast AVA?

A

Napa, Sonoma, Mendocino, Lake, Solano and Marin Counties

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58
Q

What are the major towns of the Napa Valley AVA from North to South?

A

Calistoga, St. Helena, Yountville and Napa

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59
Q

What is the Northern most AVA of the Napa Valley?

A

Calistoga AVA

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60
Q

What is the Southernmost AVA of the Napa Valley?

A

Los Carneros AVA

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61
Q

What AVA is shared by Napa and Sonoma?

A

Carneros/Los Carneros AVA

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62
Q

What are the primary climactic influences of the Napa Valley?

A

The San Pablo and San Francisco Bays to the South, The Mayacamas Mountains to the West and the Vaca Mountains to the East. Cool winds passing across the sand pablo bay cool the southern AVA’s, northern ava’s are warmer.

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63
Q

What two mountain ranges form the Napa valley?

A

The Mayacamas Mountains to the West and the Vaca Mountains to the East

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64
Q

What lake is located on the edge of Napa and Lake Counties?

A

Lake Berryessa

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65
Q

What two Napa AVAs are primarily located on the ridges of the Vaca mountains to the east of the valley floor?

A

Howell Mountain, Chiles Valley District and Atlas Peak

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66
Q

What three Napa AVAs are primarily located on the ridges of the Mayacamas mountains to the west of the valley floor?

A

Diamond Mountain District, Spring Mountain District and Mount Veeder

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67
Q

What are the Valley floor AVA’s of Napa?

A

Calistoga, St. Helena, Rutherford, Oakville, Yountville, Stag’s Leap District, Oak Knoll District of Napa Valley and Carneros

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68
Q

What 2 AVAs are located east of and between Oak Knoll and Los Carneros?

A

Coombsville and Wild Horse Valley AVA

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69
Q

What are the Napa Valley AVAs from North to South?

A

Calistoga, Howell Mountain, Diamond Mountain, St. Helena, Spring Mountain, Rutherford, Oakville, Atlas Peak, Mount Veeder, Yountville, Stag’s Leap District, Oak Knoll District, Coombsville, Wild Horse Valley, Los Carneros

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70
Q

What was the first AVA entirely located within the Napa Valley AVA to become a sub-ava?

A

Howell Mountain

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71
Q

Where do the other North Coast counties border Napa County?

A

Sonoma County to the West, Lake to the North and East and Solano to the Southeast

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72
Q

What counties border Sonoma County?

A

Mendocino to the North, Lake to the North-East, Napa to the East, Solano to the South East and Marin to the South

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73
Q

What are the North Most AVA’s in Sonoma?

A

Pine Mtn-Cloverdale Peak shared with Mendocino County and the Alexander Valley

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74
Q

What is Sonoma’s Hottest ava?

A

Knights Valley followed closely by the nearby Alexander and Dry Creek Valleys

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75
Q

What are sonoma’s southernmost AVAs

A

Sonoma Valley and Sonoma Coast as Large AVA’s and Carneros as a Sub-Ava

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76
Q

What are the Sub-AVAs of Sonoma Valley AVA?

A

Bennett Valley, Moon Mountain, Sonoma Mountain and Carneros

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77
Q

What are the Sub-Avas of the Sonoma Coast?

A

Fort Ross-Seaview, The Russian River Valley, Part of Chalk Hill, Green Valley and Part of Carneros and Sonoma Valley

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78
Q

Healdsburg borders which AVAs?

A

The Russian River Valley AVA and Dry Creek Valley AVAs

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79
Q

What are the Major Varietals of Sonoma County?

A

Pinot Noir and Chardonnay in Cooler Vineyards, Rhone Varietals in Moderate and Cool Vineyards and Zinfandel in Moderate and Warm Vineyards along with other varietals

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80
Q

What are the Major Climactic influences on the Sonoma County AVAs?

A

Proximity to the Pacific Ocean, Altitude, Ocean Fogs, Proximity to San Francisco and San Pablo Bays, Even AVAs near the ocean can be warm-moderate if above the altitude of ocean fogs

81
Q

Rockpile and Dry Creek Valley AVAs are known for what?

A

Intense and Powerful Zinfandel

82
Q

Name some of the Major Sparkling producers based in Carneros

A

Moet and Chandon’s Domaine Chandon, Gloria Ferrer Caves of Freixenet, Taittinger formerly had Domaine Carneros before selling, Mumm Napa of GH Mumm

83
Q

When did Sonoma County start requiring all wines to list Sonoma County and the AVA(if used)?

A

2011

84
Q

What 2 rivers for the hub for Mendocino’s Best AVAs?

A

Russian and Navarro Rivers

85
Q

What is the smallest AVA in the USA?

A

Cole Ranch AVA in Mendocino County

86
Q

What two Mendocino County AVAs are essentially monopoles?

A

Cole Ranch of Esterlina Winery and McDowell Valley of McDowell Valley Winery

87
Q

Which major AVA in california was in a rare move recently shrunk? When? Why?

A

Mendocino AVA was shrunk in 2014 to ensure it did not overlap with Eagle Peak Mendocino County AVA

88
Q

Which Mendocino AVA is one of Californias coolest and home to cool climate varietals and sparkling wines?

A

The Anderson Valley AVA

89
Q

What effects create the Anderson Valley’s cool climate?

A

Cool ocean breezes and fogs following the Navaro river valley and the Steep hills associated

90
Q

Which Champagne house was unique in its choice of setting up US operations in the Anderson valley instead of Carneros?

A

Louis Roederer

91
Q

Of around 200 AVAs nationwide about how many are in California?

A

around 100

92
Q

Of California’s approx 100 AVAs about how many are located in the North Coast Super AVA?

A

Around 40

93
Q

What percentage of California Vineyard acreage and production are found in the Napa valley respectively?

A

Around 10% of California’s Vineyard Acreage but only 4% of annual production are found in the Napa valley

94
Q

What are the Major grapes of California?

A

Chardonnay, Zinfandel, Cab Sauv, Merlot, French Columbard, Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Syrah, Sauv Blanc

95
Q

What % of Sonoma production is red? What is the most planted grape?

A

Around 2/3 of Sonoma production is red but Chardonnay is the most planted single varietal.

96
Q

What allows certain anderson valley vineyards to have a more moderate climate?

A

Higher hillside vineyards above the fog line, often known for Zin

97
Q

Which California AVA is only for areas above 1200ft and known as islands in the sky?

A

Mendocino Ridge AVA is for vineyards in a certain portion of mendocino county located above 1200ft

98
Q

What 4 Mendocino AVAs are located east of the Coastal Range?

A

Potter Valley, Redwood Valley, Cole Ranch and McDowell Valley

99
Q

What 2 Mendocino AVAs are isolated in the North East?

A

Covelo and Dos Rios

100
Q

Which Mendocino AVA is warmer and located south of the anderson valley?

A

Yorkville Highlands ava

101
Q

What lake dominates and gives lake county its name?

A

Clear Lake the largest freshwater lake in California

102
Q

What is the main AVA of lake county?

A

Clear Lake AVA

103
Q

What 2 sub-avas exist of clear lake?

A

High Valley AVA on the East of the Lake and Red Hills AVA on the South of the Lake

104
Q

What 2 Lake county AVAs are located furthest from the lake and border on Neighbouring Counties?

A

Benmore Valley on Mendocino Border and Guenoc Valley on Napa Border

105
Q

What are the climate influences in the San Francisco Bay AVAs?

A

Hotter to the East, Cooler in the West, Moderated by Pacific ocean and San Francisco Bay. Cool currents from Japanese current brought down from Alaska, fogs form and migrate inward until blocked by coastal range.

106
Q

What are the Major AVAs of the San Francisco Bay AVA?

A

Livermore Valley AVA, Santa Cruz Mountains AVA and San Ysidro District AVA

107
Q

What AVA in the San Francisco Bay Area is a Sub AVA of the Santa Cruz Mountains AVA?

A

Ben Lomond Mountain AVA

108
Q

What AVA located near San Jose is currently being rapidly overtaken by Urban and Suburban Growth?

A

Santa Clara Valley AVA

109
Q

What 2 Famous Vineyards are or were located in the Santa Clara Mountains ava?

A

Ridge’s famous Monte Bello Vineyard and the original Bonny Doon vineyard prior to falling victim to Pierce’s Disease

110
Q

Which Major AVA is strangely neither a part of the Central Coast or San Francisco Bay AVAs despite bordering the lines of both?

A

Santa Clara Mountains AVA

111
Q

Where is the Monterey County AVA located?

A

South of the San Francisco Bay in the Central Coast AVA

112
Q

What river dominates Monterey County?

A

The Salinas River

113
Q

What are the 2 original quality areas of Monterey County?

A

The Carmel and Salinas Valleys

114
Q

What 3 AVAs are located in the Salinas Valley?

A

Monterey AVA, Arroyo Seco AVA and Santa Lucia Highlands AVA

115
Q

What Monterey AVA is a near monopole (not complete?)

A

Chalone AVa home to the Producer of the same name

116
Q

What are the 4 Warmer inland AVAs of Monterey?

A

Hamas Valley, San Antonio Valley, San Lucas AVA and San Bernabe AVA

117
Q

What is the Dominant grape of the Monterey AVA?

A

Chardonnay encompassing over 50% of plantings

118
Q

What is the Giant AVA located in San Luis Obispo County?

A

Paso Robles AVA, largely varying climates led to the creation of 11 Sub AVAs in 2014

119
Q

How many sub-avas are in Paso robles?

A

11 created in 2014

120
Q

What does Paso Robles mean?

A

Pass of the Oaks

121
Q

What is the Hottest AVA in the Central Coast AVA?

A

Paso Robles AVA

122
Q

What 3 smaller AVAs are also located in San Luis Obispo County?

A

York Mountain AVA, Edna Valley AVA and Arroyo Grande AVA

123
Q

Who Planted the first commercial Syrah vines in Paso Robles?

A

Gary Eberle

124
Q

What nursery partially owned by Chateau Beaucastel has supplied Paso Robles with a great source of rhone varietals?

A

Tablas Creek

125
Q

What celebration, the largest in the world for this wine type is held in Paso Robles?

A

Hospices du Rhone, the worlds largest celebration for rhone varietals

126
Q

In what county does californias coast start tranding east-west instead of north-south?

A

Santa Barbera County

127
Q

What valley AVAs are located between the San Rafael and Santa Ynez Mountains heading east west in Santa Barbera?

A

Santa Maria Valley AVA and Santa Ynez Valley AVA

128
Q

What sub-avas are located in the Santa Ynez Valley?

A

Sta. Rita Hills, Happy Canyon of Santa Barbera and Ballard Canyon

129
Q

What is unique about the Santa Yez Valleys temperature?

A

It increases an average of 1* F per mile travelled east

130
Q

Why is Sta. Rita Hills AVA abbreviated?

A

A legal battle with the Chilean winery of the same name led to the abbreviation of the AVA’s name in 2006.

131
Q

What county has the longest growing season in all of California?

A

Santa Barbera county has a cool but extremely long growing season making it great for chardonnay and pinot, hence the movie sideways.

132
Q

What is the approximate range of what is considered California’s Central Valley?

A

An approx 500 mile stretch from north of Sacramento to South of Bakersfield

133
Q

What 2 major valley systems make up the larger Central Valley?

A

The Sacramento Valley in the north and San Jaoquin Valley in the South

134
Q

What company produces half of all wine originating from the Central valley?

A

More than 50% of all wine originating in the Central valley is produced at Gallo’s Facilities near Modesto, Gallo is the 2nd largest producer in the world

135
Q

What heat zones cover most of the central valley, what is it best for?

A

Heat Regions IV and V, best known for Table Grapes, Raisins and Fortified Wines, despite this much bulk wine is produced in the central valley

136
Q

What is the Central Valley’s Major AVA?

A

Lodi AVA just south of Sacramento near the Sacramento River Delta is home to 20% of California’s production

137
Q

Why is lodi unique from much of the Central Valley?

A

A gap in the coastal range pulls cool air across the san francisco bay and down the Sacramento River Delta providing some cooling and nightime moderation to the region

138
Q

What 2 major value brands are based in Lodi?

A

Sutter Home and Robert Mondavi Woodbridge

139
Q

What grape is the primary source of quality oriented wines from lodi?

A

Old-Vine Zinfandel

140
Q

How many sub-avas are in Lodi?

A

7 Sub Avas

141
Q

What are the 7 sub-avas of Lodi?

A

Alta Mesa, Borden Ranch, Mokelumne River, Clements Hills, Cosumnes River, Sloughouse and Jahant

142
Q

What smaller avas are also located in the Central Valley?

A

Dunnigan Hills, Clarksburg, Capay Valley and Merritt Island

143
Q

Where is the Sierra Foothills AVA located?

A

East of Sacramento and Lodi on the Western edge of the Sierra Nevada Mountains

144
Q

What is notable about the Sierra Foothills?

A

It is heart of California Gold Rush Territory and home to some extremely old zinfandel vines, some predating prohibition

145
Q

What are the AVAs of the Sierra Foothills AVA?

A

Fair Play, El Dorado, Fiddletown, North Yuba and California Shenandoah Valley AVA

146
Q

What determines climate in the Sierra Foothills AVAs? What is the hottest sub-ava?

A

Elevation is the largest determinant of Climate in the Sierra Foothills, the lowest vineyards are the hottest. The Shenandoah Valley is home to the hottest vineyards

147
Q

Where is UC Davis located?

A

Just West of Sacramento

148
Q

What 3 counties make up the South Coast AVA?

A

Los Angeles, Riverside and San Diego Counties

149
Q

What major factors limit the growth of South Coast AVAs?

A

Extreme Heat, Urbanization and Pierces Disease

150
Q

What is the most successful South Coast AVA?

A

Riverside’s Temeculah Valley AVA where tourism has helped slow urbanization

151
Q

What major AVAs are located in LA County?

A

Cucamonga Valley, Malibu Newton Canyon and Saddle Rock Malibu

152
Q

What major AVA is located in San Diego County?

A

San Pascual Valley AVA

153
Q

What is the climate of Washington State?

A

West of Cascade Mountains is Cool and Damp with little viticulture, the Large portion of the state east of the cascades is in a rain shadow creating a dry/semi-arid and hot growing area

154
Q

What ensures the water supply for vineyards in Washingtons dry eastern half?

A

The columbia river system provides meltwater irrigation for 98% of all grapes grown in Washington

155
Q

What has changed about the location of Washington states wineries?

A

The Wineries were typically located in the western portion of the state near major population centres and grapes trucked in from east growing regions, now wineries have largely adopted estate model locating themselves in growing regions.

156
Q

What has allowed Washington states growing regions to stay safe from phylloxera?

A

Dry Sandy soils and Cold Winter Freezes

157
Q

What poses a risk to Washington vineyards?

A

Inland continental climate while hot in the summer suffers from winter freezes that damage vines on average every 5/6 years

158
Q

What factors add to Washingtons ideal grape growing climate?

A

Dry climate and lack of humidity decrease disease pressure, higher latitude means longer days in summer, often by as much as 2 hours, cool evenings and longs falls preserve acidity

159
Q

What is the only AVA in washington not part of the Columbia Valley Super-Ava and located west of the Cascades?

A

Puget Sound AVA near seatle, only accounts for around 80 acres of production

160
Q

What is the average annual rainfall in the main growing areas of washington state?

A

7-12” per year

161
Q

How large is the Columbia Valley ava?

A

The AVA encompasses 11 million acres despite only 36 000 acres statewide dedicated to grapes, much of the area is wheat and other fruit crops. This is nearly 1/3 of washingtons entire landmass

162
Q

What major event shaped the current state of washingtons Columbia Valley area?

A

The Missoula Floods at the end of the last ice age significantly altered the soil structure of the columbia valley depositing much basalt and bedrocks, some areas have peble/rock soils similar to cdp, the same floods created much of the willamette soil structure in oregon.

163
Q

What are washingtons most planted grapes?

A

Riesling, Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot

164
Q

What 3 AVAs are shared by Washington and Oregon?

A

Southern Portion of Columbia Valley AVA, Columbia Gorge AVA and Walla Walla Valley AVA

165
Q

What was the first Washington State AVA and the Largest sub-ava of the Columbia Valley?

A

Yakima Valley AVA, one of the coolest climates in the state, responsible for 1/3 of total state production, has 3 sub-avas

166
Q

What are the sub-avas of the yakima valley?

A

Rattlesnake Hills, Red Mountain, Snipes Mountain

167
Q

What is the 2nd largest columbia valley sub-ava by production?

A

Horse Heaven Hills AVA located south of the Yakima Valley and North of the Columbia River, home to over 37 varietals and 25% of state production

168
Q

What is the 3rd largest columbia valley sub-ava by productions?

A

Wahluke Slope, 15% of state production, one of driest and warmest regions in washington, on south facing slopes of saddle mountain facing toward columbia river

169
Q

What AVA shared with oregon is home to a very strong tourism industry?

A

Walla Walla Valley; Minimal Rainfall, Hot Days and Cool nights make it a great region for cab sauv

170
Q

What is washingtons nothernmost AVA?

A

Lake Chelan AVA

171
Q

What is Washingtons Southernmost AVA?

A

Columbia Gorge

172
Q

Naches Heights and Ancient Lakes of Columbia Valley are AVAs in which states?

A

Washington

173
Q

What Washington state group was created to promote quality?

A

The Washington State Quality Alliance created in 1999 by the washington wine commission

174
Q

What are some of the major moves of the Washington state Quality Alliance?

A

First state to regulate Reserve as a Label Term, Stricter requirements on washington state grape origin, no semi-generic label terms allowed

175
Q

What are the requirements to use reserve in washington state?

A

No more than 5000 cases or 10% of wineries production may be labeled reserve.

176
Q

What ava is shared between Oregon and Idaho?

A

The Snake River Valley AVA

177
Q

What are the only AVAs in oregon located east of the Cascade mountains?

A

Columbia Gorge, Columbia Valley and Walla Walla Valley shared with Washington and Snake River Valley shared with Idaho

178
Q

Where is the majority of Oregon wine production located?

A

Between Coastal Range and Cascade Mountains

179
Q

What are the major climate influences on Oregon Wine?

A

Location east of Coastal ranges makes mild rain and wind shadow leading to cool climate with mild winters and mild humidity and rainfall, perfect for Pinot Noir and Pinot Gris in Cooler North and Cab Sauv and Merlot in South, small gaps in coastal ranges allow wind to pass through

180
Q

What are the 4 Distinct Regions of Oregon Wine?

A

North Center on Washington Border east of Cascades, North East on idaho border east of cascades, Northwest Between Coastal Range and Cascades in Willamette Valley and Southern Oregon AVA

181
Q

What is oregon’s major wine producing region?

A

The Willamette Valley AVA known for Pinot Noir and Pinot Gris

182
Q

Who are some of the Pioneers of Oregon wine?

A

David Lett of Eyrie Vineyards and Dick Ponzi of Ponzi vineyards came from california in the 60’s and pioneered the industry

183
Q

What was first Oregon Pinot to draw world attention?

A

Eyrie Vineyards 1975 South Block reserve Pinot Noir

184
Q

What major Burgundy house was the first to start operations in the willamette valley?

A

Joseph Drouhin started what would become Drouhin Oregon in 1987 on land adjacent to Eyrie Vineyards

185
Q

What are the sub-avas of the Willamette valley?

A

Dundee Hills, Eola-Amity Hills, Ribbon Ridge, McMinnville, Yamhill-Carlton District, Chehalem Mountains

186
Q

Where would you find the Jory soil type? What is it?

A

Well-drained volcanic top soil dominant in the dundee hills ava in the willamette valley known for a more elegant wine

187
Q

What is Willakenzie soil and where would you find it?

A

It is a fine Loam, Ash covered soil dominant in ribbon ridge known for a denser wine

188
Q

What city is roughly the dividing line between the northern willamette avas and the southern oregon ava?

A

Willamette runs roughly from Portland in the North to Eugene in the center of the state and Southern Oregon AVA runs roughly from Eugene to the California Border

189
Q

What are the sub-avas of the warm Southern Oregon AVA?

A

Umpqua Valley in north containing the Red Hill Douglas County and Elkton Oregon sub-avas and the warmer Rogue Valley in south containing the Applegate Valley sub-ava

190
Q

What are the sub-avas of the Umpqua Valley?

A

The Warmer Red Hill Douglas County and the Cooler Elkton Oregon AVAs

191
Q

What sub-ava is located in the Rogue Valley?

A

The Applegate valley AVA

192
Q

What 2 non-ava regions are found in the Rogue Valley?

A

Illinois River Valley and Bear Creek Valley

193
Q

What are the 5 regions of New York State?

A

Lake Erie AVA (Shared with PA and OH), Niagara Escarpment, Finger Lakes(Largest NY AVA by far), Hudson River Valley and Long Island AVA

194
Q

What are the Sub-AVAs of the Finger Lakes?

A

Cayuga Lake and Seneca Lake

195
Q

What are the Sub-AVAs of Long Island

A

North Fork of Long Island and The Hamptons, Long Island AVA

196
Q

What are the 2 Fully Generic Terms allowed on US labels?

A

Vermouth and Sake, no designation of origin is required

197
Q

What are some of the Semi-Generic terms still allowed to be used by existing producers?

A

Burgundy, Chablis, Champagne, Port, Sherry, Marsala, Sauterne, Tokay and Chianti are allowed if including a place name ie California Chianti or American Champagne they are not allowed to be sold in EU however

198
Q

What semi-generic terms are specifically prohibit completely?

A

Rioja, Beaujolais, Bordeaux are examples of completely prohibited terms

Certified Wine Educator (1 decks)

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