Usa 1948-74 Flashcards
What was the red scare?
A period of intense fear and paranoia about communism
Why was there a red scare in the USA in the 1950s? (3) ( bomb, Asian countries)
Fear of the spread of communism because people believed it could lead to the loss of individual freedoms and the government controlled economy
→ the Soviet bomb (in 1949 the USSR developed an atomic bomb)
→ communist china (china was taken over by communists led by Mao Zedong
→ southeast Asia (communism was also advancing in Malaya, Indonesia, Bruma and the Philippines, encouraged by communist china
What was the Rosenberg case?
Trial and execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, who were accused of espionage and passing atomic bomb secrets to the Soviet Union during the red scare
Who was McCarthy and what was McCarthyism?
McCarthy was an American politician who led a campaign against alleged communists in the 1950s. McCarthyism is a period in the 1950s when people were accused of being communists without evidence
How did McCarthy rise to prominence?
He claimed that there were communists within the USA government. He gained media attention and public support through his aggressive and sensationalist tactics.
What were the effects of the red scare on the US government and which committee did it lead to being created?
It led to the creation of anti- communist policies and investigations such as the HUAC (house un-american activities committee)
Many government. Officials were accused of being communists or communist sympathisers which resulted in a climate of fear and suspicion
What led to the fall of McCarthy?
He accused the US army of having communist sympathisers. The army fought back and both sides had a television hearing and McCarthy’s unfounded and aggressive accusations were exposed which damaged his credibility and led to a loss of public support
Support for McCarthy depended on 4 things, what were they?
Fear
anti communist beliefs
McCarthy’s reputation
Media interest
Describe one action carried out by the HUAC
Conducted investigations of alleged communists
→ a group of Hollywood filmmakers who refused to answer questions were blacklisted from the industry
What were Jim Crow Laws?
Rules that enforced racial segregation and treated African Americans unfairly
Which unfair enforcement of laws did African Americans face
Segregation
Voting rights
Law enforcement (police frequently took part in attacks on African American people )
Employment and pay
Education
Who was Jackie Robinson?
A professional baseball player, he made history by becoming the first African American in Major League Baseball, breaking the colour barrier. His bravery and talent open doors for other African American athletes and helped spark the civil rights movement.
What happened in Brown vs Board of Topeka 1954?
(What led to it)
Linda brown had to travel several kilometres and cross a dangerous rail track
As she wasn’t allowed to attend an all white School closer to home
The Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in schools were unconstitutional and it helped pace the way for desegregation and equal educational opportunities
Who was emmet till and what happened?
A 14 year old African American boy who was brutally beaten and murdered
In Mississippi for allegedly flirting with a white woman
His death sparked a widespread outrage and played a significant role in inspiring the civil rights movement
What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott? (1955)
Montgomery had a local law that African Americans were only allowed to sit in the middle/back seats of a bus.
Rosa parks refused to give up her bus seat to a white man and it led to her being arrested
Who was Martin Luther King Jr.?
A prominent civil rights activist who dedicated his life to fighting for equality and justice
How did president Eisenhower support desegregation in Little Rock?
He sent federal troops to protect the ‘little rock nine’ as they integrated a previously all-white School
What was Eisenhower’s role in the civil rights act of 1957?
Eisenhower advocated for its enactment and signing into law → this act aimed to protect voting rights and it outlawed Jim Crow Laws
What were the sin ins 1960?
Peaceful protests where African American individuals would sit in restaurants and refuse to leave until my were served
What was the SNCC?
Student non violent coordinating committee
What was CORE?
Congress of racial equality
What were freedom rides?
People deliberately sat on buses and protested for desegregation on transport
200 freedom riders were arrested and spent40 days in jail
What was the Birmingham civil rights march 1963?
Led by Martin Luther King jr and the SCLC, thousands of African Americans marched peacefully to protest segregation and demand equal rights.
What happened in the march on Washington 1963 ?
Peaceful protest where hundreds of thousands of people gathered to advocate for a civil rights bill and equality and where MLK delivered his famous I have a dream speech
What role did Kennedy play in the civil rights campaign?
Kennedy supported desegregation efforts and introduced the civil rights act of 1964 and created the committee on equal employment opportunity
What was the civil rights act of 1964?
Prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, sex etc and aimed to end segregation and ensure equal rights and opportunities for all citizens.
What was the freedom summer?
The summer of 1964, it was a civil rights campaign that aired to register African American voters in Mississippi and challenge segregation
What happened at the Selma march of 1965?
African Americans were protesting peacefully for equal voting rights and they were attacked by the law enforcement
What actions did Lyndon B. Johnson take in the civil rights campaign?
He signed the civil rights act of 1964 and the voting rights act of 1965
What was the black power movement?
They sought to empower African Americans to define their own identity, culture, and political goals and advocated for racial equality for African Americans, it helped to raise awareness about racial injustice.