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America 1929 To 1990 > USA 1929 To 1990 > Flashcards

USA 1929 To 1990 Flashcards

1
Q

Why were the 1920s called “the roaring twenties”?

A

Because many Americans (white!) doing well. Cars and radios

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2
Q

What was prohibition?

A

1920-33 , the ban on the sale and manufacture of alcohol

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3
Q

Who was Al Capone ?

A

A very infamous gangster in the 1920s prohibition era. Dubbed Public Enemy No. 1

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4
Q

What wa the name of the mass shooting of rival gangsters in Chicago 1929?

A

The St Valentine’s Day Massacre

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5
Q

What Happened on Wall St in October 1929

A

The stock market crashed, shares plummeted in value. Businesses bust, banks closed and people lost homes

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6
Q

What were the effects of the Great Depression for Americans?

A 
Unemployment - 15 Million by 1932
Poverty
Homelessness - Hoovervilles 
Lost savings due to banks closed
Depression in agriculture
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7
Q

What was a Hooverville ?

A

A shanty town because of homelessness . Named after the president .

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8
Q

What was the bonus army ?

A

20,000 ex-soldiers march on Washington . Demanding a bonus they had been promised after WW1

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9
Q

What was The New Deal ?

A

Policies by Roosevelt to end the Great Depression

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10
Q

What were the main features of the New Deal ?

A

The three Rs
First 100 days
Fireside chats
Alphabet Agencies

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11
Q

What were the three Rs

A

Relief , Recovery, Reform

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12
Q

In the three Rs - what was meant by Relief?

A

Relief meant bringing immediate help to those suffering the most - no homes or food

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13
Q

In the three Rs - what was meant by Reform?

A

New laws to prevent a future depression

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14
Q

In the three Rs - what was meant by Recovery ?

A

Recovery meant rebuilding and reopening factories and banks

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15
Q

Why were Roosevelt’s first 100 days so important ?

A

Roosevelt persuaded Congress to let him act quickly. He passed important laws quickly. Emergency Banking Relief Act (EBRA) and CCC ( Civilian Conservation Corps ) which gave work to 18-25 year old men.

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16
Q

What were Alphabet Agencies ?

A

Agencies to bring about relief and recovery. E.g National Recovery Administration (NRA) Agricultural Adjustments Act (AAA) Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) , CCC etc

17
Q

What were the so-called Fireside Chats ?

A

Roosevelt spoke to the American people over the radio. Reassuring and prevented protests

18
Q

What was the CCC

A

An alphabet agency. Gave jobs to young men like digging ditches and planting trees

19
Q

What was the TVA?

A

Tennessee Valley Authority. Tennessee given permission to build a dam for electricity and provided many jobs

20
Q

Why was there opposition to the New Deal

A

Some thought the president had too much power and the government had too much say over people’s lives. Some thought it too like communism .

21
Q

What was the overall effect of WW2 on the US economy ?

A

Positive. It ended depression, provided millions of jobs

22
Q

What role did women play in WW2?

A

Jobs in factories or in the armed forces

23
Q

What was the “Affluent Society”?

A

Well off white middle class America. Big houses in suburbs, lots of consumer goods - cars , TVs etc.

24
Q

What was “youth culture” in the 1950s?

A

youth reselling against traditional values and parents. Elvis, rock n roll, cars , films etc.

25
Q

Were all well off in the 1950s ?

A

No. Not black, Hispanic or native Americans. Not old people who had poor pensions

26
Q

What was McCarthyism ?

A

Senator joseph McCarthy accusing people of being communists. A witch hunt , many lost jobs and affected many famous people.

27
Q

Who was JFK?

A

John Fitzgerald Kennedy - president known as jack Kennedy

28
Q

Why was Kennedy so popular ?

A

Young glamorous couple ( married Jackie ). New Frontier promised better lives. Minimum wage, reduced unemployment, supported Civil Rights for black Americans.

29
Q

How did youth culture develop in the 1960s ?

A

Hippie movement
Lots of protests, anti- Vietnam in particular
Black Panthers, black power

30
Q

What was the importance of television in the 1950s and 1960s?

A

New to people’s lives, became central.
Advertising consumer goods to “the affluent society”
JFK used TV to make himself popular
People able to see the terrible effects of war in Vietnam making protest greater
The moon landings in 1969

31
Q

How did the role of women change after the Second World War?

A 
Women took men's jobs during the war
Factories and armed forces
Most went back to being house wives
Feminism grew in popularity in the 1960s - women's lib( liberation)
Burning bras was a political statement
1970s and 80s improved equality
Women still not paid as much as men
Never been a woman President
32
Q

Why was President Nixon forced. .to resign in 1974?

A

The Watergate scandal

33
Q

What was the watergate scandal ?

A

Nixon had ordered break ins to the democrat offices in Washington to spy on what they were doing. It was uncovered by journalists from the Washington Post.

34
Q

Why was Ronald Reagan a popular president?

A

He cut taxes and spending which was popular - Raeganomics
Ex-actor
Tough on the Soviet Union but helped bring about an end to the Cold War in 1989 and the bringing down of the Berlin Wall

35
Q

What was Raegan less popular in his second term ?

A

Could not balance his budget, could not keep spending down
Huge amount spent on the Strategic Defence Initiative - so called Star Wars which was a very expensive failure
The Irangate scandal - arms to Iran in exchange for hostages
Many mistakes in TV interviews - the start of his Alzheimer’s disease.

36
Q

What did George Bush Senior lose his original popularity?

A

Original success of gulf war but he was hit by an economic recession and had to increase taxes despite promising not to “ read my lips, no new taxes”

37
Q

Why did Bill Clinton appeal to voters

A

Young and well spoken Democrat
Success with Family and Medical Leave Act
Failed plans for National Health Service
Second term landslide victory
Dogged by scandals - Whitewater scandal about some of his dodgy ? Financial dealings followed by his affair with Monica Lewinsky

38
Q

How has computer technology changed in this period?

A 
First PC in 1981 (IBM) there had been computers but they were huge until then
Increasingly cheaper
Internet in 1992
Hugely powerful communication tool
E-mail
Google and search engines
On line selling
Access to news , information and entertainment

America 1929 To 1990 (1 decks)

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