U.S. Women's History, Progress, and Resistance Flashcards
Seneca Falls Convention of 1848
First women’s rights convention and beginning of the U.S. Women’s Movements
Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions
Based on U.S. Declaration of Independence
Signed by 68 women and 32 men
Authored of Elizabeth Cady Stanton
First Wave of the Women’s Movement
Late 19th into early 20th century Opened opportunities for many women.. but not all women First wave focused on White, middle class women
Suffrage
Suffragists
Abolitionists
a person who favors the abolition of a practice or institution, especially capital punishment or (formerly) slavery.
What started in the 1890s?
Black Women’s Club Movement
Who and why did they start the Black Women’s Club Movement
Ida B. Wells-Barnett
To end lynching
Black women’s club addressed what
Similar concerns as the White Women’s Club (health, sanitation, education, and women’s suffrage).
Also focused on racism and racial uplift
Mary Church Terrell
1896
National Association of Colored Women’s Club (NACW)
Black Women
Founded settlement houses and schools
Unionized and led strikes
Were involved in the formation of the NAACP and performed much of the local work
What did Mary McLeod Bethune founded
Founded the National Council of Negro Women, the Southeastern Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs. and the Bethune-Cookman institute
Who is Mary McLeod Bethune
1875-1955 (Mayesville, South Carolina) American educator Stateswoman Philanthropist Humanitarian Civil rights activist Started private school for African American students in Daytona Beach, Fla
What is the relevance of the 19th amendment to the U.S, Constitution?
It granted women the right to vote (1920)
Second Wave Women’s Movement
1960s to 1980s (Post WWII)
What did they do in the Second Wave Women’s Movement
drew in Women of Color political injustices access to jobs access to education equal pay reproductive freedom
The Feminine Mystique
1962
Betty Friedan
Civil Rights Movement/Act
1964
Prohibition on gender discrimination
National Organization for Women (NOW
1966
Fights gender discrimination through the courts and legislation
Gloria Steinem
Founded Ms.Magazine (1972)
Title IX of the Education Amendments Act
1972
No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied, the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance
Roe v Wade (1973)
Legalized abortion throughout the US
Jane O’Reilly coined the phrase
The personal is political
Why did Jane O’Reilly said what she said?
Explain how things taken as personal have broader social, political, and economic causes and consequences
Women’s Studies (WOST)
Originated in the “second wave” women’s movement
What did the Women’s Studies (WOST) movement address
Addresses inequalities in the workplace and family (public and private spheres)
Addresses issues surrounding sexuality and reproductive freedom
WOST is
an interdisciplinary academic field
deals with topics concerning women, gender, and feminism
places women at the center of analysis
examines women’s status in society
seeks to improve the condition of women’s lives (socially, politically, economically
Third Wave Women’s Movement
Early 1990s to today?
Third wave (what did they do)
women as diverse domestic violence sexual harassment challenges the notion of gender global reach postmodernism Dismantling the system instead of becoming part of the system
Baumgardner and Richard’s Manifesta
Young Women, Feminism, and the Future (2000)
The Vagina Monologues
Eve Ensler
Riot Grrrls Movement
Punk rock band
Guerilla Girls
Women artists wore gorilla masks to expose female stereotypes and fight discrimination against female artists
Coverture
The legal status of a married woman, considered to be under her husband’s protection and authority
Feminism
Concerns equality and justice for all women; seeks to eliminate systems of inequality and injustice in all aspects of women’s lives
Gender
A socially constructed system of classifications that ascribes qualities of masculinity and femininity to people; the way society organizes understandings of sexual difference
Sex
Female or male; intersex
Patriarchy
A male-dominated system; power and authority are in the hands of adult men
Misogyny
The hatred of, or contempt for, women
Androcentrism
Placing men at the center and relegating women to outsiders in society
Gender roles
Gendered division between men and women
Gender stereotypes
Beliefs about the qualities of each gender
Gender norms
Social rules regarding what is appropriate for each gender (supports divisions)
Gender socialization
Process by which societal beliefs and expectations about gender are instilled in us
How/where do we learn gender socialization
Parents Peers Myths Literature Media Religion
Empowerment
Ability to advocate for one’s rights and have decision-making power in one’s public and private lives
Multiculturalism
Emphasis on helping people understand, accept, and value cultural differences between groups, with the ultimate goal of diversity
Ethnocentrism
When someone thinks their culture’s way is the right and only way and is quick to judge and reject the way other cultures do things
Transnational feminism
Movement for the social, political, and economic equality of women across national boundaries
Transnational feminism focus on
problems associated with “essentialism” or the claiming of a universal sisterhood that ignores differences between women (i.e. privileged First World societies making decisions for Third World nations)-
Liberal feminism
Belief in the viability of the present system and work within this context for change in public areas
Liberal feminism focus on
Education, federal and state policies, and legal statutes
