U.S. Women's History Midterm

Question 1

What was the Columbian Exchange?

Answer 1

The exchange of plants, animals, people, diseases, ideas, and religion between Europe/The Americas/Africa

Question 2

Jamestown was formed for three reasons.

Answer 2

gold-looking, fur trade, to get to the Indies

Question 3

Women came over as Indentured servants as..

Answer 3

Either dirt poor could marry up, and have lots of deaths

Question 4

Mary Musgrove

Answer 4

Daughter of a creek woman and an English father
Served as an interpreter
She had a Diplomatic role, Georgia 1732 formed

Question 5

Plymouth Massachusetts

Answer 5

The second permanent English colony and what would become the United States was formed in 1620

Question 6

Anne Hutchinson

Answer 6

One of many women had come with her family that came from England during 1630
There was not a huge gender difference in the Massachusetts Bay colony
Her Father encouraged her education
She believed we didn’t need the preachers
1637 she was found guilty of heresy

Question 7

Anne Bradstreet

Answer 7

She came to the English colony in the 1640s
Just like Anne Hutchinson her father encouraged her to read and write
Daughter of the first governor of the Massachusetts bay area
Wrote books of poetry: The Tenth Muse 1650 first book published in the English Colonies

Question 8

Mary Rowlandson

Answer 8

Massachusetts was taken captive for a little less than 3 months, devoted Puritan
-She feels her faith fully with her, and sees it as a test of her faith
-She was expecting terrible treatment (savage, barbarous
-She was a seamstress and it gave her a sense of status

Question 9

Mary Jemison

Answer 9

1758 she was taken captive by the Senecas,, taken when she was 15
-French Indian war going on during the raid
-Seneca kept her as a captive because one of their men had been killed so it was seen as a trade
- was taught to read, well educated
- Were brutal at first, but taught her the language and gave her clothes
-Adopted by the Seneca family
- Had her own house and tenants stayed in it
-Opportunity to see her brothers/ allowed the freedom to travel 8

Question 10

Women in Colonial Era jobs

Answer 10

Making candles, servants, seamstress, room and boarder

Question 11

Women in Colonial Era responsibilities?

Answer 11

Washing/Ironing, outdoors planting and raising the gardens, milk cows, daughters were sent out by age 10-11 to neighbors to yarn and nursing

Question 12

Coverture

Answer 12

When a woman and man get married the woman became legally dead (no right to sue or to be sued, make contracts, and all holdings and properties were now their husbands unless prior arrangement was made.

Question 13

Difference between Adultery and Fornicationer

Answer 13

Adultery is a married woman having sex with a man that’s not her husband
Fornicationer is a married man having sex with a woman that is not his wife

Question 14

When could women vote

Answer 14

1790— taken away in 1807

Question 15

How do women differ and confirm this viewpoint on politics?

Answer 15

Marry people of the same party, wear clothes for certain politics

Question 16

Dolley Madison

Answer 16

Brought a welcoming manner and gracious hospitality (political persuasions in the same room)

Question 17

Harriet Martineau

Answer 17

Well off English woman, more of an activist voice, argued against the Declaration of Independence 1840 Anti Slavery convention, London

Question 18

Seneca Falls

Answer 18

First women’s rights convention, before the convention there had been no talk about womens issues

Question 19

Lucretia Mott

Answer 19

quaker minister

Question 20

Goals of Convention

Answer 20

right to vote and secure property

Question 21

Sarah Grimké

Answer 21

pushes for convention

Question 22

Declaration of Sentiments

Answer 22

Passed resolutions
67 women, 32 men
All unanimous except 9th

Question 23

Long Lasting Effects of Declaration of Sentiments

Answer 23

1848 Legislator notices only in NY to inherit property
In 1850 another convention (Ohio) Lucy Stone campaigning for wage slaves
1860 Married Women’s Act guardianship of children and control over wages

Question 24

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Answer 24

National Temperance Movement, liberalized divorce

Question 25

1863

Answer 25

First women’s political movement Loyal League

Question 26

Second Great Awakening

Answer 26

during the early 19th century in a period known as the Second Great Awakening. Marked by a wave of enthusiastic religious revivals, the Second Great Awakening set the stage for equally enthusiastic social reform movements, especially abolitionism and temperance.

Question 27

Charles FInney

Answer 27

believed too much technology was happening and we needed to get back to our roots, gave women the right to speak on moral and social issues

Question 28

African women, the Middle Passage, and slavery

Answer 28

-The first Africans brought to Virginia
-The Middle Passage was like the Columbia exchange but would involve Africans from the west coast of Africa
-Depending on what part of Africa they were from and what part of the world it would take about 2 months because of the distance
-Before the first British colony there was slavery in the Caribbean
-Only Africans in the 1660s were slaves
-Hereditary slavery which means it’s passed down from mother to child
-Severe penalties for interracial relations late 1600s-1700s

-*The idea of feminity was stripped away from African women, and the sense of African women and men being conflated *
They are not considered feminine but could be mothers

Question 29

Midwest women 1850s-1860s

Answer 29

care for henhouse, dairy, food prep, gardening, cooking, sewing, chid care, and water gathering
The government also recognized that women worked harder than men

Question 30

Lowell Mill Girls

Answer 30

The cotton gin made slavery thrive
cotton was the most important crop could be used for cover/fabric yarn etc.

First to employ women 15-3 came from Mass and other parts of New England, saved money for pen saving and marriage

Terrible conditions
12 hrs a day… 6 days a week
unhealthy and dangerous breathing in lint/noise

Question 31

1836

Answer 31

women went on strike for better pay conditions at Lowell Mill

Question 32

Doretha Dix

Answer 32

created the first set of mental institutions

Question 33

By 1863 there was a male shortage/draft

Answer 33

Needed women to serve as nurses for the first time
-had to be plain-looking

Question 34

Spies for North and South

Answer 34

Isabella “Belle Boyd: would entertain northern soldiers and get information

Harriet Tubman: spy for the union

Question 35

15th amendment

Answer 35

notably left out sex for voting

Question 36

14th amendment

Answer 36

Equal protection and due process

Question 37

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 37

helped reunite formerly split-apart slave families
-gave education to slaves
made teaching a women’s profession

Question 38

American Women’s Sufferage Association (AWSA)

Answer 38

allowed men into the organization

Question 39

National Women’s Suffrage Association (NWSA)

Answer 39

1869 did not allow men to push for childcare centers, better divorce laws, or opportunities for women

Question 40

Myra Bradwell

Answer 40

wanted to practice law, but Illinois would not want her she argued the 14th Amendment gave her the right to do this (1873)

Question 41

What is this New Departure

Answer 41

Minor argued that women were United States citizens and that voting was a “privilege” of national citizenship protected by the Fourteenth Amendment Minor v, Happersett (1875)

Question 42

Elizabeth Blackwell

Answer 42

first woman doctor in the United States parents were active in the abolitionist movement, created a hospital in Tompkins Square assisted immigrants
Women’s medical college created

Question 43

Westward expansion & Occupations women went to:

Answer 43

-Husbands in military (went to be military wives)
-Husbands wanted to strike it rich
-Missionary work
-Farming

Question 44

Why weren’t women hired to be miners?

Answer 44

Mining was considered a male occupation

Question 45

Grey zone jobs

Answer 45

jobs that were considered needed but not respected: waitress, laundry woman, saloon girl, and seamstress

Question 46

Mary Grove

Answer 46

Anti-marriage theory, wives should have the right to deny their husbands

Question 47

Sexuality

Answer 47

doctors started to take scans of lesbians’ brains because if you went t a 7 sister school sexuality would be heavily questioned

Question 48

Was abortion legal?

Answer 48

Abortion was legal until 1880– in frequency of abortion in 1870 rising

Question 49

Where were abortions focused?

Answer 49

Upper and middle-class

Question 50

Why would people seek abortions?

Answer 50

Married women would seek it out because of severe pain/nonmarried women because of having to carry out a pregnancy alone

Question 51

Comstock Act

Answer 51

prohibits the mailing of “obscene, lewd, or lascivious” materials, like pornography, or any article or thing “intended for the prevention of conception or procuring of abortion.”

Question 52

New Women

Answer 52

Women part of the women’s sufferage act