US History Unit 1

Question 1

First Great Awakening

Answer 1

a revival of religious feeling and belief of individualism

Question 2

French and Indian War

Answer 2

a war in North America between France and Natives vs Britain

Question 3

Proclamation of 1763

Answer 3

law forbidding English colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains

Question 4

No taxation without representation

Answer 4

reflected the colonists’ belief that they should not be taxed because they had no direct representatives in Parliament

Question 5

Virtual Representation

Answer 5

The political theory that a class of persons is represented in a lawmaking body without direct vote.

Question 6

sugar act

Answer 6

law passed by the British Parliament setting taxes on molasses and sugar imported by the colonies (1764)

Question 7

Declaratory Act

Answer 7

Act passed in 1766 just after the repeal of the Stamp Act. Stated that Parliament could legislate for the colonies in all cases.

Question 8

Stamp Act

Answer 8

1765; law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc.

Question 9

Townshend Acts

Answer 9

A tax that the British Parliament placed on leads, glass, paint and tea

Question 10

Boston Massacre

Answer 10

The first bloodshed of the American Revolution (1770), as British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five Americans

Question 11

Boston Tea Party

Answer 11

A 1773 protest against British taxes in which Boston colonists disguised as Mohawks dumped valuable tea into Boston Harbor.

Question 12

Intorable Acts

Answer 12

Series of laws passed to punish MA after the Boston Tea Party, closed down Boston harbor

Question 13

Committees of Correspondence

Answer 13

Local committees established in Massachusetts and later in each of the 13 colonies to maintain colonial opposition to the British policies through letters

Question 14

Sons of Liberty

Answer 14

secret society formed to oppose British policies

Question 15

Daughters of Liberty

Answer 15

organization of colonial women formed to protest British policies

Question 16

Common Sense

Answer 16

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation

Question 17

Northwest ordinance of 1787

Answer 17

Federal order that divided the Northwest Territory into smaller territories and created a plan for how the territories could become states.

Question 18

Articles of Confederation

Answer 18

1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade)(Strengths-allowed the country to have some form of government, united the thirteen original states, encouraged democracy)

Question 19

Shay’s Rebellion

Answer 19

Rebellion of farmers against gov’t due to unfair tax

Question 20

Constituional Convention

Answer 20

meeting of state delegates in 1787 leading to adoption of new Constitution

Question 21

C.C. original purpose

Answer 21

Get money, gold, fame, and spread christianity

Question 22

Great Compromise

Answer 22

Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house

Question 23

3/5 Compromise

Answer 23

enslaved individuals counted as 3/5 of a person

Question 24

Electorial College

Answer 24

a body of people representing the states of the US, who formally cast votes for the election of the president and vice president.

Question 25

Federalism

Answer 25

A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments

Question 26

Checks and Balances

Answer 26

A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power

Question 27

Debate over Ratification

Answer 27

Federalists- wanted a constitution
Anti-federalists- Constitution had too much power
Bill of Rights was the compromise between them

Question 28

E pluribus unum

Answer 28

out of many, one (the motto of the US).

Question 29

naturilization

Answer 29

Process of becoming a US citizen

Question 30

Assimilation

Answer 30

the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another

Question 31

Gradual Emancipation

Answer 31

a method of abolishing slavery slowly so that the transition from a slave to a wage labor system is less disruptive.

Question 32

Navigation Acts (1651-1673)

Answer 32

Laws passed by England that forced the colonists to 1. Buy goods ONLY from England
2. Sell goods that colonists made ONLY to England 3. Import Non-English goods using English ports and pay a duty (tax) on these goods to England
4. Prohibit the colonies from making certain goods that England already made.

Question 33

Jamestown

Answer 33

The first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia

Question 34

Plymouth

Answer 34

Colony settled by the Pilgrims. It eventually merged with Massachusetts Bay colony.

Question 34

Bacon’s Rebellion

Answer 34

1676 - Nathaniel Bacon and other western Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements. The frontiersmen formed an army, with Bacon as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city. The rebellion ended suddenly when Bacon died of an illness.

Question 35

magna carta

Answer 35

a document constituting a fundamental guarantee of rights and privileges.

Question 36

English Bill of Rights

Answer 36

document that gave England a government based on a system of laws and a freely elected parliament.

Question 37

Treaty of Paris

Answer 37

agreement signed by British and American leaders that stated the United States of America was a free and independent country

Question 38

Mercantalism

Answer 38

An economic idea in which the colonies exist to make money for the mother country.

Question 39

What were the main factors fueling European exploration and conquest?

Answer 39

The spread of Christianity, greed, Rivalry and competition among European powers, new innovations allowed explorers to venture, fame

Question 40

How did the expansion of the British empire affect the freedoms of Native Americans, the Irish, and even many English citizens/settlers?

Answer 40

The British empire conquered their lands, displacement of Native American tribes from their ancestral lands, violence and conflict, British colonization of Ireland involved the confiscation of land and the establishment of English and Scottish settlers in Irish territories. This process, known as the Plantations of Ireland, resulted in the dispossession of many Irish landowners, religious discrimination, The impact of the British Empire on English citizens and settlers varied depending on their social class, location, and historical period.

Question 41

How did the tobacco economy draw the Chesapeake colonies into the greater Atlantic world?

Answer 41

Created a strong demand for trading partners, which strengthened their trading system, created a web of economic connections, enslaved Africans were brought to the Chesapeake to work on tobacco plantations.

Question 42

How did ideas generated by the American Enlightenment and the First Great Awakening prompt challenges to religious, social, and political authorities in the British colonies?

Answer 42

Enlightenment ideas often questioned the authority of traditional religious institutions and clergy. Rationalism encouraged critical thinking and skepticism, leading some to challenge religious dogma and hierarchical structures. Especially because the American enlightenment was greatly influenced by the British. The belief in natural rights, laid the intellectual groundwork for the American Revolution.

Question 43

What effects did the American Revolution have on Native Americans? Enslaved persons? Women’s rights? Religion? Politics?

Answer 43

Native Americans-displacement and loss of land and the disruption of traditional ways of life. Revolutionary era saw an increase in the number of enslaved individuals who escaped to join British forces or seek freedom behind British lines. Some gained their freedom as a result. The American Revolution did not lead to significant immediate advancements in women’s rights despite some women conrtibuting to the revolution. The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1791, established religious freedom as a fundamental right, The American Revolution led to the creation of the United States as an independent nation, breaking away from British colonial rule.

Question 44

Atlantic trade

Answer 44

North American and West Indian colonies became major trade market