U.S History S1 review Flashcards
Who was George Washington?
George Washington started the 7 years war, selected as the leader of the U.S. army during revolution, and became the 1st president of the U.S. Also founding father
Who was Alexander Hamilton?
Founding father and U.S. secretary of treasury during Washington’s presidency. Made the National Bank and national debt.
Who was Thomas Jefferson?
Founding father who was selected to write the Declaration of Independence because his english was so good
Who was Benjamin Franklin?
Helped draft the Declaration of Independence
Who was Andrew Jackson?
7th U.S. president, very controversial president, able to pay off national debt, changed votes to only all white men
Who were the quakers?
religious group created in 1640’s Pennsylvania that believed God spoke through the Holy Spirit. they were anti-war (pacifists)
Puritans
very popular religious group throughout the 1600’s Massachusetts. believed every human is inherently evil and nature/the forest is evil. believed only a few people had salvation. believed witches were of the devil and accused many of witchcraft.
deism
religious idea that God does exist, but doesn’t interact with His creation
Great Awakening
religious revival throughout North America
Middle Passage
part of Atlantic slave trade which tons of African slaves were sold over to the “New World” to be part of the triangular slave trade
Triangular trade
European manufactured goodies were traded for African slaves. then sent to Americas for materials like sugar and cotton
Jamestown
first and permanent english settlement in the Americas in 1607
John Smith
Took control of Jamestown and imposed work and order on the community
John Rolfe
Developed Jamestown’s first marketable crop and married the daughter of the local Indian chief
Salem, Massachusetts
Known for salem witch trials
New Amsterdam, New Netherlands
Dutch settlement. New Amsterdam was the capital of the colony of New Netherlands
XYZ affair
French agents named “X, Y, and Z” had bribe between American diplomats, lead to Quasi-war
Marbury v. Madison
Supreme Court case about last midnight office
Monroe Doctrine
Warned the European powers not to mess with the West
Cotton gin
Eli Whitney, made cotton production 100x easier, reason slavery became more popular
Stephen Long
known for finding modern day Colorado, found the Great American Desert
Zebulon Pike
known for finding Pikes Peak in Colorado
Great American Desert
land past the east of the Rocky Mountains, founded by Stephen Long and he said no one would want to live there
Ireland
irish catholics
spoils system
Andrew Jackson fired existing members and got his friends (maybe supporters) to work for him
slave codes
limited the rights for slaves in the US
domesticity
women stay home and shuttered out of the real world, men out in the real world
peculiar institution
chivalry
described the honor and culture of South US during slavery. white men had to be looked good and respected very well
Task vs. Gang system (House vs. Field slave)
task slaves - slaves have daily chores, once all done, free for the day
gang slaves - slaves work all day, supervised by an overseer
Tobacco
Used to be very popular crop until cotton takes it over. It stopped cause it exhausted soil too fast and is not good for anyone lol
rice
crop that broke peoples back and took too long
cotton
king of crops in 1800’s thanks to cotton gin
Henry David Thoreau
Goes to jail for not paying toll tax. writes “civil disobedience” and stays at walden pond for 2 years
Nature
written by Ralph Waldo Emerson talks good about nature
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Former well known lecturer and preacher that preached for 9 hours in the woods and drew large crowds. also wrote “self-reliance”
Joseph Smith
Founder of Mormonism, author of “Book of Mormons” and leads to creation of “Church of Jesus Christ Latter day saints”
Brigham Young
Successor after death of Joseph Smith, leads Mormons to Utah
William Lloyd Garrison
writes “The Liberator”
in liberator it talks about how blacks should be focused on and not on whites
Fredrick Douglas
runaway slave that becomes super influential and very popular public speaker
Nat Turner
starts rebellion and kills a ton of whites in South. later killed
Transcendentalism
people are inherently good but corrupted by society. people should strive for independence and self-reliance
South Carolina
Mr. Augustin - “state that started the civil war”
nullification
states don’t follow the federal government
VP Calhoun
VP for President Jackson, accused of treason and pro-nullification
Roger Taney
appointed as secretary of treasury and withdrew money from the U.S. bank, leads to U.S. becoming broke
Hard Money vs. Soft money
Hard money - money that is backed by gold and silver and has “real” meaning
Soft money - money that isn’t backed by gold and silver, has meaning because people say it does and government prints it
