U.S. History II Test 3 Flashcards
What did FDR do to combat suspicions of Japanese traitors?
-FDR issued an executive order to remove and intern Japanese-Americans
-110,000 were removed from the West Coast
What was the Cold War?
-A standoff between US and Soviet Union lasting from 1945-1991
What was the Truman Doctrine/Chinese Civil War?
-the US will offer economic and military assistance to any country fighting communism
-first used in Greece and Turkey
-China resumed its Civil War after WW2, resulting in it eventually becoming communist
What was the Korean War?
-Korea was to be administered jointly by the US and the Soviet Union
-Korea divided between North and South
-Kim Il-Sung (North) invaded South
-Truman and the UN sent troops to support the South
-Korea was officially divided along the 38th parallel
-Korean War is an example of “containment” and the Truman Doctrine
What was the Cold War like at home?
-GI Bill of Rights:
-Low interest housing loans
-Business loans
-College education grants
-Suburban developments started by the housing loans
-Levittown, NY was first subdivision
-National Interstate and Defense Highways Act (1956) created by Eisenhower to improve defensive ability
What was McCarthyism?
-Senator McCarthy claimed that communists had infiltrated the US government
-He led Congressional hearing against various people he claimed were Communist
-These accusations were largely false
What was important regarding Civil Rights during this time period?
-Truman signed an executive order ending the segregation of armed forces for Cold War purposes (1948)
-Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) declared separate but equal legal
-Brown v. Board of Education (1954) overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, claiming that separation can never be equal due to the psychological damages on black children
-Lawyer was Thurgood Marshall
What was Little Rock Central High School?
-an integration battle (1957)
-governor used National Guard to block integration
-Eisenhower federalized the Guard
-Governor shut down the school for a year
What happened regarding Ole Miss and Civil Rights?
-Black student attempted to enroll at Ole Miss in 1962.
-2,000 people started rioting and besieged US Marshall at Lyceum.
-2 people died.
-JFK deployed 3,000 troops to put down the riot.
What happened regarding UAlabama regarding Civil Rights in 1963?
-Governor George Wallace “stands in the schoolhouse door”
What were the Acts regarding Civil Rights?
-Civil Rights Act of 1964: ended segregation in public places of work
-Voting Rights Act of 1965: ended literacy tests to vote and allowed the Feds to oversee elections in Southern states (declared unconstitutional in 2013)
What important groups formed during the Civil Rights era?
-Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC): led by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Voter registration drives. Boycotts, marching, non-violent tactics.
-Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC): North Carolina lunch counter sit ins. Freedom rides. Black power movement split the organization and it faded by 1970.
-United Farm Workers: organized Hispanic Farm Workers in California. Adopted tactics of MLK to get better labor contracts. Led by Cesar Chavez.
Who was MLK Jr?
-Civil Rights Activist
-Wrote “Letter from Birmingham Jail”. Arrested for leading a sit-in, and a defense of non-violent protest to clergy.
-“I Have A Dream” speech given in 1963 at the March on Washington
What happened regarding space in the Cold War?
-In 1937, USS launched the Sputnik Satellite. This caused an increase in math and science funding, the creation of NASA, and the Massive Retaliation policy.
What was the Cold War Like in Cuba?
-Fidel Castro took over Cuba in 1958
-CIA tried to overthrow Castro in what is known as the Bay of Pigs 1961
-Soviet Union put missiles in Cuba in 1962
-JFK blockaded Cuba
-This resulted in the 13 day crisis, a standoff over the blockade
-Deal was made: USSR would remove missiles from Cuba, US promised not to invade Cuba, US removed missiles from Turkey
What happened in the JFK era of the Cold War?
-President JFK was assassinated in 1963
-Lee Harvey Oswald was the shooter
-VP Lyndon Johnson became President
What was the Cold War in Vietnam?
-Vietnam was split into two parts
-North=Communist, South=US
-Election was held to unify the two sections. It was rejected fearing corruption.
-Eisenhower got involved in sending military advisors citing the “Domino Theory”
What happened in the Lyndon B. Johnson era of the Vietnam War?
-Two of our destroyers were attacked
-President Johnson was given the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution from Congress, saying that the President can fight in SE Asia without a declaration of war
What was the Great Society (LBJ)?
- War on Poverty: forty programs to improve quality of life
- Education: sixty bills for better classrooms, minority scholarships, and low-interest students loans
- Medicare: healthcare for every American 65+
- Medicaid: healthcare assistance to the poor
- Environment: clean air and drinking water
- National Endowment for the Arts and Humanities: created philosophy that artist deserved support
- Job Corps: provided job training for young men and women
- Head Start: program for 4/5 year olds so they start school on an even basis with other kids
What over took radio as the primary means of mass communication in the 1950s?
TV
What was the first televised presidential debate?
-Nixon v Kennedy
-TV caused Kennedy to win because he was younger, tanner, and more attractive
What was the moon landing?
-Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed on the moon
-US wins the Space Race
What was Selma Bridge?
-Bloody Sunday
-Civil Rights activists marched in Selma, AL.
-People get beat down by troopers despite protesting nonviolently.
Who was Walker Cronkite?
-reporter during Vietnam War
-gave his opinion about Vietnamese War (we were losing)
What happened in 1968?
-Tet Offensive in Vietnam (North invaded the South, brutal loss)
-Lyndon B Johnson announces he will not run
-Robert Kennedy appears to be Democratic nominee, but gets shot
-Democratic National Convention was surrounded by violent protestors in Chicago.
-MLK was assassinated
Why did Nixon win the election?
-Many Americans began thinking Democrat= violence and chaos
-Nixon claims he represents the silent majority
What happened during Nixon years?
-Nixon pledged to end Vietnam War in 1968, but just invaded Cambodia in 1970.
-War protests broke out, Kent State University protests resulted in 4 college students dead by National Guard
-Nixon wanted to better relations with Soviet Union and China
-Visits China in 1972 and opens up for business/trade
-Claims the US will try to find a peaceful solution regarding Taiwan
-Visit causes Soviet Union to stop supporting Vietnam
-North Vietnam signs a treaty allowing US to withdraw from SE Asia in 1973
What was the War Powers Act of 1973?
-Put a time limit on how long a President could deploy troops into combat without Congressional approval
What was Watergate
-Democratic National Convention HQ was burglarized by the Republican Party
-Nixon tried to cover it up, but failed
-Nixon will be impeached if he doesn’t resign
-Nixon resigns and VP Gerald Ford becomes President
What were the Camp David Accords?
-Carter Years
-peace deal between Israel and Egypt brokered by Jimmy
Iran Hostage Crisis
1979
Terrorists took hold of US Embassy and took workers hostage
Savior operation failed
Stagflation (Carter)
-Caused by Nixon, but Carter was blamed for it
-High inflation with shrinking GDP
What was the Marshall Plan?
Rebuild Europe so the conditions for communism will not exist
What were the two sides to the Chinese Civil War?
-Chiang Kai Shek (Nationalist) vs Mao Dong (Communist)
-Communist win
