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us history final sem 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What happened on October 29, 1929?

A

black tuesday
stock prices fell sharply
huge debts bc of buying on credit
signaled beginning of great depression

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2
Q

How did the stock market crash help cause the Great Depression?

A

The 1929 crash didn’t cause the Great Depression outright, with only 10% of Americans invested in the market, but it lowered consumer spending, caused panic that worsened an ongoing recession, reduced corporations’ assets and hurt their future prospects, and contributed to a banking crisis

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3
Q

What happened to banks and businesses in the economic collapse?

A

-many withdrew money from banks, but many couldn’t bc banks had no money
-ppl lost savings bc gov didn’t protect bank accounts
-gross national product cut in half, 90k businesses bankrupt
-1/3 workers lost jobs

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4
Q

What were the causes of the G.D?

A
  1. tariffs and war debt policies reduced foreign market for american goods
  2. crisis in farm sector
  3. avaliablity of easy credit
  4. unequal distribution of income
  5. overproduction w/ agriculture
  6. overproduction w/ industry
  7. installment buying and overuse of credit
  8. overspeculation in stock market
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5
Q

bank run

A

widespread panic in which great numbers of people try to redeem their paper money

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6
Q

Initially, what was President Hoover’s response to the economic crisis?

A

-resisted gov involvement
then:
-turned to congress to pass measures
-federal home loan bank act=less mortgage rates and refinance loans
-glass-stegall banking act=seperated investments from commerical banking

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7
Q

shantytown

A

a deprived area on the outskirts of a town consisting of large numbers of crude dwellings.

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8
Q

breadline

A

line of people waiting for food handouts from charities or public agencies

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9
Q

What were the three goals of the New Deal?

A

Relief - immediate (food, money) not meant to be long term
Recovery -moderate term (NRA, AAA, CCC, WPA) rebuildng
Reform - Long term -> won’t happen again (SEC, FDIC, social security)

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10
Q

What was the New Deal?

A

program to alleviate problems from GD, needy, economy recovery, financial reform, etc.

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11
Q

What was the first action that President Roosevelt took to address the economic crisis?

A

he closed all banks in a banking holiday

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12
Q

What did President Roosevelt do during the Hundred Days?

A

passed more than 15 major pieces of the New Deal, declared bank holiday and closed all banks to prevent further withdraws, Emergency Banking Relief Act (inspect banks and good ones stayed open), gave fireside chats, and more

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13
Q

bank holiday

A

all banking transactions were suspended in an effort to stem bank failures and ultimately restore confidence in the financial system.

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14
Q

Federal Securities Act

A

corporations must provide complete info on all stocks, liable for misrepresentations (no rigging)

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15
Q

Agricultural Adjustment Act

A

raise crop prices by paying farmers to leave a certain amount of land unplanted, lowering production

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16
Q

Tennesse River Valley

A

renovated 5 dams, new jobs, flood control, hydroelectric power, relocation for people who lived there, failed

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17
Q

Civilian conservation corps

A

put young unemployed men to work building roads, parks, trees, erosion-control, flood-control, they got free food and clothes

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18
Q

SEC

A

-restore investor confidence in capital markets by providing investors and the markets with more reliable information

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19
Q

FDIC

A

-insure and protect bank depositors’ funds against loss in the event of a bank failure

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20
Q

deficit spending

A

spending more money than it recieves in revenue

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21
Q

Dorthea Lange

A

photographer who documented american life during GD and ND
-spent time getting to know subjects who were migrant workers
-had polio as a child so she had sufferred too

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22
Q

What benefits did the Social Security System provide?

A

-1935
-provide aid to retirees, unemployed, disabilities, families with dependent children

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23
Q

totalitarian

A

-gov has complete control over citizens

24
Q

What type of foreign policy did the United States adopt after World War I?

A

isolationism
-kellogg-brand act=war not to be used as an instrument of national policy

25
Q

What motivated Hitler’s policy of expansion?

A

He believed expanding and invading other countries was the only way Germany could prosper, he wanted more living space for the people (that he liked)

26
Q

What foreign policy moves did Hitler make after he came to power?

A

-hitler met secretly with military advisers (but they didn’t agree)
-F and GB promised to protect and Hitler promised it would be the last thing he would take (Munich agreement)

27
Q

lebensraum

A

Hitler’s expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire “living space” for the German people

28
Q

Stalin

A

-communist state for agricultural and industrial growth
-no private, large gov owned farms
-all econ activity=placed under state management
-eliminate anyone who threatened power, 8-13 mil deaths, famines
-russia

29
Q

Hitler

A

-joined national socialist German workers party
-nazi party, no socialism
-private army=stormtroopers/brown shirts
-appointed chancellor, third reich
-german

30
Q

Mussolini

A

-italy
-played on fears of economic collapse + communism
-nationalism and fascism
italian king appointed him head of gov

31
Q

blitzkrieg

A

“Lighting war”, typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland in 1939

32
Q

How did Roosevelt help the Allies?

A

He helped France by suggesting a lend-lease policy, he would lend or lease arms and other supplies to any country in need w/o immediate payment

33
Q

What did the United States do after World War II began in Europe?

A

They passed a “cash and carry” provision that allowed warring nations to buy US arms as long as they paid cash and transported them in their own ships. FDR argued it would help France and Britain defeat Hitler and keep the U.S. out of war. Isolationists attacked FDR for this.

34
Q

What event precipitated America’s entry into World War II?

A

Pearl Harbor

35
Q

pearl harbor

A

Base in hawaii that was bombed by japan on December 7, 1941, which eagered America to enter the war.

36
Q

neutrality acts

A

outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war, extended the ban on arms, sales, and loans to nations engaged in civil wars

37
Q

What was the Selective Service System and how did it help the United States meet manpower needs?

A

-10 mil men 21-35 registered, 1 mil drafted for 1 year

38
Q

Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC)

A

u.s. army unit created during WW2 to enable women to serve in non combat places

39
Q

Why did President Roosevelt order the internment of Japanese Americans?

A

FDR’s military advisers recommended the exclusion of persons of foreign descent, including American citizens, from sensitive areas of the country as a safeguard against espionage and sabotage.

40
Q

How did Japanese Americans fight for justice during and after the war?

A

Korematsu v. US
$20,000 to each japanese american that was placed in a camp.

41
Q

Manhattan project

A

code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II

42
Q

Korematsu vs. US

A

-unconstitutional bc based on race
-lived in prison-like setting
-didn’t violate rights bc it was a “military necessity”
-overturned in 1984
-1988=Congress ordered reparations

43
Q

What is the overall strategy that FDR and Churchill decided on after Pearl Harbor?

A

Strike first against Hitler, once Allies gained upper hand in Europe, they could pour more resources into war

44
Q

What was the military strategy in the Pacific?

A

island hopping

45
Q

island hopping

A

A military strategy used during World War II that involved selectively attacking specific enemy-held islands and bypassing others

46
Q

What did the Nazis do to the Jews after taking power?

A

The Nuremberg laws stripped them of their citizenship, jobs, and property. They also had to wear a bright yellow star of David so Nazis could identify them

47
Q

What was Kristallnacht?

A

The Night of Broken Glass. Nazi troops attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues across Germany and Austria. 100 Jews killed, hundreds more injured, 30,000 arrested, hundreds of synagogues burned. Jews were blamed for the destruction.

48
Q

What was the essence of the disagreement between the United States and the Soviet Union in Europe?

A

the U.S wanted Europe prosper, and the S.U wanted to stop the future invasions from the west
-us was a capitalist democracy
-su was a communist dictatorship

49
Q

Yalta conference

A

1945 Meeting with US president FDR, British Prime Minister(PM) Winston Churchill, and and Soviet Leader Stalin during WWII to plan for post-war

50
Q

Potsdam conference

A

-stalin would not keep promise of free elections
-soviets wanted reparations from Germany to help pay back losses, Truman objected
-tension

51
Q

What is the term that refers to a nation that is under Soviet control?

A

satellite nations

52
Q

satellite nations

A

Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Poland (countries Stalin controlled to make communist)

53
Q

What phrase did Winston Churchill use to describe Soviet influence in Eastern Europe after WWII?

A

From Stettin in the Baltic, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent

54
Q

iron curtain

A

A political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eastern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region

55
Q

What was the Truman Doctrine?

A

Truman’s support for countries that rejected communism (sent $400 million in aid to Turkey and Greece which reduced communist takeover)

56
Q
A

us history (4 decks)

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