US History - CSET Flashcards
How did Europeans deal with native people in the Age of Exploration and Colonization?
Europeans delay with indigenous people in a variety of ways, including establishing trade relations, enslaving the population, warfare, and, in some cases, extinction.
Who was the first European settler to step foot in the North American mainland since the 11th-century Viking Viking voyages?
Columbus never set foot in the North American mainland, the first explorer that did arrive in the mainland was John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) an Italian explorer who was granted permission to sail west under the English flag. Cabot first landed in Newfoundland.
What was the first permanent English settlement in North America?
The first permanent settlement was Jamestown, Virginia, which was established in 1607.
What was the second successful English settlement?
The 2nd successful settlement was the Plymouth Colony, which was established by dissenters of the Church of England. it was situated in Massachusetts. They had a hostile encounter with the indigenous people of the area.
Describe the Mayflower Compact.
It was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was written by those who were trying to escape persecution in England from King James. It was signed in 1620 aboard the Mayflower. The pilgrims had pledged themselves to work for the good of the colony.
Where were the first slaves brought to in the North American English colonies?
The first slaves in the Colonies were purchased in Jamestown, Virginia in 1619. By 1750, slavery was legal in all 13 colonies.
What was the slave trade?
The slave trade was an organized system that involved shuttling slaves, crops, and manufactured goods between America, West Africa, and Europe. Europeans manufactured the goods that were bartered for the African slaves brought to America, and slaves in America grew that crops that were exported to Europe.
What made farming and agriculture profitable during the Colonial days and the early American nation?
The slave trade made agriculture profitable, especially in the South.
What were some of the grievances that led to the War for Independence?
The main grievance that colonists had were the heavy taxes levied on them by the King of England.
Stamp Act
Tea Tax
The Boston Tea Party. 1773.
The British Parliament had ignored the protests of the colonists and began to tax tea. In 1773, colonists dressed in Indian garbs and boarded English ships and dumped hundreds of chests of tea into the Boston Harbor.
The Intolerable Acts. 1774.
British Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts in 1774. These acts limited self-governing in Massachusetts.
Second Continental Congress. 1775.
In 1775, the colonists held the Second Continental Congress and organized an army, naming George Washington Commander-in-Chief. In 1776 they adopted the Declaration of Independence, which declared the Colonies’ independence from Britain.
When was the Declaration of Independence adopted?
1776.
Who wrote the original draft of the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson.
What was the Declaration of Independence?
The Declaration of Independence listed the grievances against King George III and asserted the natural and legal rights of the colonists. today the Declaration of Independence is considered to be an important statement on human rights.
What were the opening battles of the Revolutionary War?
The battles of Lexington and Concord.
What was the time span of the Revolutionary War?
1775 - 1783
What year did the French ally with the United States?
1778
Why did the French decide to ally themselves with the united States during the Revolutionary War?
The French decided to ally with the United States in 1778 after they asserted the power of the revolutionaries in the battle of Saratoga in 1777, and is considered a turning point in the war.
Abigail Adams
The wife of John Adams and mother of John Quincy Adams, both presidents of the United States. She favored women’s rights and opposed slavery. She requested to the Continental Congress not to put unlimited power into the hands of me, or the women would also rebel.
What treaty ended the Revolutionary War?
The Treaty of Paris 1783, ended the war and declared the United States to be a sovereign nation.
Molly Pitcher
Molly would bring water to the soldiers and when her husband was killed in battle she took charge of loading the cannons that were her husband’s duty. She was honored by Washington.
Phillis Wheatley
Wheatley was a well-known poet during the Revolutionary War who was published by Thomas Payne.
Mercy Otis Warren
She was poet, playwright, political writer and historian of the Revolutionary War who criticized the British royalty and urged colonists to rebel. Her home was the Birth of the Committees of Correspondence in 1772.
Committees of Correspondence
Shadow governments organized by the Patriot leaders of the 13 colonies on the even of the American Revolution. Was instrumental in setting up the first Continental Congress.
What are the three branches of government in the United States?
Executive Branch
Legislative Branch
Judicial Branch
How do citizens participate in government?
Citizens of the United State participate in government through the democratic process of voting for their representatives in the executive and legislative branches.
What was the first Constitution of the 13 colonies?
The Articles of Confederation was the first constitution of the 13 colonies, drafted between 1776-1777 and ratified in 1781.
Why were the Articles of Confederation repealed?
The Articles provided no way of financing the government and created a weak governing body.
What replaced the Articles of Confederation?
In 1789, the Articles were replaced the US Constitution, which provided for a much stronger federal government with a chief executive, courts, and taxing powers.
When were the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution?
1791
Name a few Federalists
Alexander Hamilton
James Madison
John Jay
What were beliefs of the Federalist Party?
Started by Alexander Hamilton, The Federalist party was composed of upper-class bankers, businessmen, industrialists, and inventors. They did not believe in equality, and they wanted a national bank and a central strong government. Strongly favored a relationship with the British. The Federalist Party ceased to be taken seriously after they opposed the War of 1812.
Democratic-Republican Party
This party was organized by Thomas Jefferson to oppose the Federalist Party. Democratic-Republicans denounced most of the Federalist Policies, especially the bank and implied powers and called the treaty to strengthen British relations as sell-out.
Manifest Destiny
A belief that the United States was destined to stretch from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.
Whig Party
Was formed to oppose the Jackson administration in the 1830’s. Whigs supported stronger Congressional powers over the Presidency.
Presidents: William Henry, Zachary Taylor
Lincoln was a former whig by the time he was elected to office.
The Louisiana Purchase.
In 1803, the United States acquired from France most of what is today the Midwest. France sold it in an effort to finance napoleon’s War and to avoid entangling themselves into further wars.
Florida
Parts of Florida were ceded by Madison, the rest was acquired from Spain.
Texas
The US annexed Texas in 1845. After the Mexican-America War, the Mexican Cession, and the Compromise of 1850.
Oregon
The United States acquired Oregon form Great Britain in an 1846 treaty.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. 1848.
It ended the Mexican-American War and brought the United States vast new territories that had previously belonged to Mexico. Gradually these territories were granted statehood.
Gadsden Purchase. 1853.
In 1853, the US purchased parts of New Mexico and Arizona from Mexico.
Alaska
In 1867, the US purchased Alaska from Russia. In 1959, it became the 49th state.
Hawaii
Became US territory in 1900 and a state in 1959
Relations with Native Americans and Manifest Destiny.
As settlers moved west, they displaced Indian groups already living in those areas. Settlers and the federal government joined forces to remove indians, sometimes by purchasing the lands through treaties, but more often by waging wars, decimating forests and buffalo herds and breaking treaties with native peoples.
The Northwest Ordinance. 1787.
The ordinance established the Northwest territory and prohibited slavery in the area.
The Emancipation Proclamation. 1863.
The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order issued by President Lincoln, freed the slaves in 10 secessionist states.
The Thirteenth Amendment. 1865.
Abolished Slavery.
Timeline of the Civil War.
1861-1865
The Dredd Scott Decision. 1857.
Stated that slaves had no rights.
Secession 1861.
When Abraham Lincoln took office, 7 states seceded and formed the Confederate States of America.
The Civil War Begins.
The Civil War officially began when the Confederates attacked Fort Sumpter in South Carolina.
Lincoln’s blockade.
Abraham Lincoln blockaded Southern ports devastating the Southern economy, facing losses in the cotton industry.
Sugar Act of 1765:
British Parliament levied taxes on sugar in the colonies.
Townsend Acts of 1767:
Import duties were levied on almost every essential things used by colonists.
Cornwallis
Cornwallis and his troops were surrounded in Yorktown, American troops by land and the French Navy by the sea.
Theory of Nullification
Idea that states could nullify federal law.
War of 1812
British seam began impressing American ships at sea into the Royal Navy to end neutral trading. Madison became enraged and made it a matter of national sovereignty and waged war against Britain.
Missouri Compromise
In 1820 the US admitted Maine as a free state and excluded slavery in the norther part of the Louisiana territory. This allowed the US to maintain a balance between slave and free states.
Black Codes & the KKK
emerged as a way to suppress the newly freed slaves
End of the Reconstruction Era: 1877
The end of the Reconstruction Era in 1877 left the blacks in the south with no protection, and ex-confederate soldiers were able to regain political power in the south. Gave way to Jim Crow laws.
Jim Crow Laws:
laws that segregated blacks from the whites.
Plessy v Ferguson: 1869
separate but equal clauses became legal
Cumming v Board of Education: 1899
separate schools for blacks
Brown v Board of Education: 1955
Supreme Court deemed “separate but equal” as unconstitutional. Overturned Plessy v Ferguson
Spanish-American War:
During the Spanish suppression of the Cuban revolt, and American ship was sunk which led to open conflict between the US and Spain. The treaty to end the war gave the US new territory: Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
