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US History, Sophomore > US History, Chapter 3 > Flashcards

US History, Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are TWO factors that led to the industrial Revolution?

A
  1. ) Growing Urban Population

2. ) New uses for Natural resources

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2
Q

What are TWO innovations that allowed the Revolution to occur?

A
  1. ) Black Gold

2. ) Kerosene

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3
Q

What is BLACK GOLD?

A

Black gold is OIL

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4
Q

What is KEROSENE?

A

Kerosene is a REFINED OIL

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5
Q

Who is EDWIN DRAKE?

A

Edwin Drake was the first to use a steam engine to drill for oil

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6
Q

What is WILDCATTERS?

A

Wildcatters is a nickname for the prospectors that rushed to drill for oil

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7
Q

What is GASOLINE?

A

Gasoline is the most important form of oil

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8
Q

What is the BESSEMER PROCESS?

A

The Bessemer Process is a process that uses a blast of hot air to get all the impurities off molten iron

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9
Q

Who is the BIGGEST CUSTOMERS for STEEL?

A

RAILROADS

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10
Q

Who is the “Wizard of Melo Park”?

A

THOMAS ALVA EDISON

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11
Q

Who is CHRISTOPHER SHOLES?

A

Christopher Sholes developed the TYPEWRITTER

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12
Q

Who is ALEXANDER BELL?

A

Alexander Bell patented the TELEPHONE

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13
Q

What is the most IMPORTANT ASPECT of ELETRICITY for AMERICA?

A

ALLOWED BUSINESS OWNERS THE FREEDOM to DECIDE WHERE to BUILD THEIR PLANTS/FACTORIES

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14
Q

What are ALL The BENEFITS from AMERICA’S INVENTIONS?

A

1.) Average work day was decreased, 2.) Increased the Standard of Living in the US, 3.) Notable Wealth for Business owners, & 4.) Attracted more immigrants seeking opportunities

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15
Q

What is the importance of the Transcontinental RR?

A

The Transcontinental RR connected the US

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16
Q

Where was the last spike hammered in on the Transcontinental RR?

A

Promontory, Utah

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17
Q

Who is C.F. Dowd?

A

C.F. Dowd came up with the idea that the US was split into time zones

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18
Q

Who is George Pullman?

A

George Pullman designed long-travel RR cars

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19
Q

What was the stockholders involved in the Credit Mobilier Scandal?

A

UNION PACIFIC

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20
Q

What did Munn v. Illinois establish?

A

The Right to Regulate Private Industry to Serve Public Interest

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21
Q

What was the Interstate Commerce Act?

A

The Interstate Commerce Act was an act to allow government to supervise all RRs

22
Q

What was the ICC?

A

The ICC was to make all RR rates “reasonable & Just”

23
Q

What is Laissez-faire Capitalism?

A

Calls for no government intervention in the economy

24
Q

What is Social Darwinism?

A

States that society progresses through natural competition

25
Q

Who is Carnegie?

A

He was the “STEEL KING”, but know little about steel

26
Q

What is the Gospel of Wealth?

A

Where the rich morally obligated to manager their wealth to benefit other citizens

27
Q

What is the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?

A

Outlawed all monopolies and trusts that restrained trade, But didn’t define Monopoly & Trust

28
Q

What was the main reason that the Business boom bypassed the South?

A

Lack of Capital or

Money for investment

29
Q

What are Vertical Integrations?

A

Is acquiring companies that provide materials and services for which one’s enterprises depended on

30
Q

What are Horizontal Integrations?

A

Which one company’s control of other companies producing the same product

31
Q

Who is J.P. Morgan?

A

He made his money by taking over & merging other people’s businesses

32
Q

Who is J. Rockefeller?

A

The “Oil King” was the founder of Standard Oil Company

33
Q

Who is the “Oil King”

A

Rockefeller

34
Q

What is a Monopoly?

A

Occur when a company gains exclusive control of an industry’s production, wages, & prices

35
Q

What are Knights of Labor?

A

Was a national union which welcomed skilled and unskilled laborers and also women workers

36
Q

Who did the Knights of Labor not let in the union?

A

The Chinese

37
Q

What 3 main issues did unions focus on?

A

1.) Higher Wages, 2.) Shorter Hours, 3.) Better Working Conditions

38
Q

What is Collective Bargaining?

A

When union officials negotiate with management, if fail, workers may strike or boycott

39
Q

What is an Open Shop?

A

Were nonunion workplaces

40
Q

What is a Closed Shop?

A

Was a workplace where ALL employees must be in a union

41
Q

How was the IWW unlike other unions?

A

They enlisted African, Asian & Hispanic American workers

42
Q

What was the Wobblies?

A

Was the name given to the members of the IWW who pursed their goals through boycotts, general strikes, and industrial sabotage

43
Q

What was The Great Upheaval?

A

Was a time the nation experienced a year of intense strikes violate labor confrontations

44
Q

What was the Haymarket Riot?

A

Was the most notorious of the “Upheaval” riots occurring in Chicago

45
Q

What was the Homestead Strike?

A

Occurred at the Carnegie Steel Company’s Homestead in Pennsylvania

46
Q

What were the TWO reasons for the Pullman Strike?

A
  1. ) Wages Have been cut

2. ) A refusal by ownership to lower rent and prices in the company town

47
Q

Who was Mary Harris Jones?

A

The most prominent organizer of the Women’s Labor Movement

48
Q

Who was Pauline Newman?

A

She organizes the International Ladies Garment Workers Union

49
Q

What was the “Uprising of 20,000”?

A

Where thousands of women walked off their jobs to demand their companies recognize the ILGWU

50
Q

What was the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire?

A

Was the tragedy that forced improvements in workplace safety around the nation

51
Q

What were Yellow-Dog Contracts?

A

Were signed promises by workers saying that they would not join any unions

52
Q

Which State outlawed its practice of hiring prisoners to be hired as by business by labor?

A

Tennessee

US History, Sophomore (3 decks)

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