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2 Semester Final- Eighth Grade > US History > Flashcards

US History Flashcards

1
Q

1st president form 1789-1797

A

George Washington

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2
Q

Ranks as the second best president, never lived in the White House, only president unanimously elected.

A

George Washington

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3
Q

French architect hired by Washington/design DC

A

Pierre L’Enfant

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4
Q

Where is Pierre L’Enfant buried?

A

Arlington, overlooking Washington DC

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5
Q

Benjamin Banneker

A

African American assistant to Pierre L’Enfant, memorized his design and finished the construction

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6
Q

2nd president 1797-1801

A

John Adams

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7
Q

First president to live in the White House

A

John Adams

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8
Q

What were the two issues during John Adams presidency?

A

XYZ affair and the Alien Sedition Act

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9
Q

3rd president 1801-1809

A

Thomas Jefferson

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10
Q

Thomas Jefferson is not….

A

Known for being a great president

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11
Q

What is Laissez-Faire?

A

Let the people do as they choose

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12
Q

The embargo act

A

Stop trade with other nations

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13
Q

Marbury vs Madison

A

First time they used Judicial Review- Determine the constitutionality of a government action (right to declare acts of congress unconstitutional)

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14
Q

Purchased from France for $15 million, less than 0.04 an acre, the country doubled in size

A

Louisiana Purchase

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15
Q

Who were Meriweather Lewis and William Clark

A

Told to explore all territory until they reach the Pacific Ocean. They claimed land for the US
They explore Northern part of territory and find an all water route to the Pacific Ocean

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16
Q

When did Lewis and Clark leave up the Missouri River?

A

May 14, 1804

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17
Q

Shoshoi name means “Bird Woman”. Became a guide to Lewis and Clark at 16

A

Sacajawea

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18
Q

Explores the southern part of territory. He provided the first detailed description of the Great Plains and the Rockies

A

Zebulon Pike

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19
Q

4th President 1809-1817, Father of the Constitution, inherits the country in a mess

A

James Madison

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20
Q

Tecumseh

A

Native American who would put a stop to the expansion of white settlers. Builds a union among Native American nations

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21
Q

Tenskwatawa

A

“The Prophet”. Urged native Americans to return to their customs of their ancestors

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22
Q

Led by William Henry Harrison, attacked and destroyed Prophetstown

A

Battle of Tippecanoe

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23
Q

What was impressment?

A

Done by the British to American soldiers and forced them to serve on British war ships

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24
Q

Who wrote the “Star Spangled Banner”

A

Francis Scott Key

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25
Q

5th President, president during the Era of good feelings

A

James Monroe

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26
Q

Missouri Compromise

A

Made Maine a free state (23rd state), but Missouri was a slave state
Prohibited slavery north of the 36 degree, 30 minute boundary line

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27
Q

6th president, corrupt bargain, later became a House of Representatives member served 17 years only former president to do so

A

John Quincy Adams

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28
Q

7th president (president of the people)

A

Andrew Jackson

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29
Q

Who came up with the spoils system and fought the national bank, and was censured?

A

Andrew Jackson

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30
Q

Tariff

A

A fee paid by merchants who imported goods. Congress passed a law that placed a high tariff on imported goods from Europe

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31
Q

Trail of tears

A

1838-about 15,000 Cherokee are forced to move west, from south east to Oklahoma, 4,000 die

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32
Q

8th president, known as a Jacksonian,the panic of 1837 ruins his presidency

A

Martin Van Buren

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33
Q

9th president, gave a 1 1/2 hour speech at his inauguration

Dies of pneumonia, first president to die in office

A

William Henry Harrison

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34
Q

10th president
1st Vice President to accede after a death of a president
Signs the agreement for the annexation of Texas

A

John Tyler

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35
Q

Abolitionist

A

Do away with slavery

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36
Q

Fredrick Douglas

A

Born as a slave, but became very educated, escaped and became free. Wrote a book called North Star

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37
Q

Slave codes

A

These codes were written to prevent slave rebellions, slaves could not meet in large groups, a crime to teach enslaved people to read and write

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38
Q

What was the largest group of immigrants from 1820-1860 and what was it due to?

A

Irish due to a terrible potato famine

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39
Q

Temperance movement

A

Reformers blamed alcohol for family breakups, poverty, and crime. Called for drinking little or no alcohol

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40
Q

Communities based on a vision of a perfect society 1960’s

A

Utopias

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41
Q

A convention for women’s rights and equality. Established by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Most controversial issue: suffrage

A

Seneca Falls Convention 1848

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42
Q

Susan B Anthony

A

Built the women’s rights movement to a national level, called for women’s rights, temperance, equal pay and coeducation

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43
Q

Two best friends were a bible and a rifle, first American to visit California

A

Jedediah smith

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44
Q

Began in independence, Missouri in 1843

Left in the early spring and traveled 2,000 miles

A

Oregon trail

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45
Q

February 26- March 6,1846. Defeated by the Mexican army, all 187 American die in the battle, some women, children, and some servant live to tell of the battle

A

Alamo

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46
Q

Known as the king of the wild frontier. Became a congressman, fought and supposedly died in the last day of the battle at the Alamo

A

Davy Crockett

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47
Q

Belief the United States should extend from the Atlantic to the pacific

A

Manifest destiny

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48
Q

11th president, went to war with Mexico, fulfilled the manifest destiny

A

James Polk

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49
Q

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

A

1848-known as the Mexican cession, the US oats $15 million

California would enter as the 31st free state

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50
Q

12th president 1849-1850
On July 4th, ate cherries and milk
Dies 5 days later of Cholera Morbus

A

Zachary Taylor

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51
Q

13th president, most forgettable president

Believed in slavery 60% of economy based on southern cotton

A

Millard Fillmore

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52
Q

14th president
Son dies in a train accident 3 weeks before inauguration, 3rd child lost, effects his presidency, signs Kansas-Nebraska Act

A

Franklin Pierce

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53
Q

Harriet Tubman

A

Freed over 300 slaves in 19 trips during the 1850’s
Called the “Conductor of the Underground Railroad”
Known as the “Moses of her people”

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54
Q

15th president

Rated near the bottom for presidents, 7 southern states in February 1861 while he’s in office

A

James Buchanan

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55
Q

16th president, ranked as the number one president
1858- “A house divided against itself cannot stand”
Save the union

A

Abraham Lincoln

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56
Q

Who was the first and only president for the confederate states of America?

A

Jefferson Davis

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57
Q

Asked by Lincoln to command the union, but declines

One of the greatest general ever, fought for the south

A

Robert E Lee

58
Q

Battle of Gettysburg

A

July 1-3, 1863

High ground is very important, turning point of the war, 53,000 killed

59
Q

Only civilian killed in the battle of Gettysburg

A

Jennie Wade

60
Q

What virtually ended the civil war?

A

Surrender at Appomattox April 9,1865

Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox court house

61
Q

Outlawed slavery

A

13th amendment

62
Q

All information on Lincoln’s assassination

A

Good Friday, April 14,1865
Watching “Our American Cousin”
Killed by John Wilkes booth
Sic Semper Tyrannis- thus always to tyrants

63
Q

17th president 1865
Only former president to serve as a senator, he removed a public official without the consent of the the senate, first president to be impeached

A

Andrew Johnson

64
Q

18th president
Commanding general Union
Appointed corrupt cabinet members which ruined his presidency

A

Ulysses S. Grant

65
Q

1870-prohibited the states from denying any person the right to vote because of race,color, or previous servitude

A

15th amendment

66
Q

Homestead Act

A

Opened the Great Plains for settlement in 1862, giving 160 acres of land for free if they live on it for 5 years plus pay a filing fee, lived on sod houses

67
Q

Offered land and citizenship to Native American families to farm land of 160 acres. If they choose w ranch, it was 350 acres
Reservation: government set aside land for native Americans

A

Dawes act

68
Q

June 25,1876 Montana
Sitting bull and crazy horse gather warriors to defend themselves, Custer wanting the glory, divided his army and attacked the native Americans
Around 250 soldiers are killed in what is known as custers last stand

A

Battle of Little Bighorn

69
Q

Wounded knee

A

In South Dakota on December 29,1890, US soldiers were turning to capture Big Foot, the end some 300 Indians including women and children were killed along with 25 US soldiers. Marked an end of armed conflicts between white and Native Americans

70
Q

The gilded age

A

What mark twain named the age of industry, refers to something covered in a thin layer of gold paint suggesting great wealth with terrible poverty that lay underneath

71
Q

Statue of Liberty

A

October 28,1886
Symbolizes the land of freedom and opportunity, 152 copper statue
Torch-freedom
Tablet- Declaration of Independence

72
Q

19th president, compromise of 1877( federal troops removed from south and federal money given to the south)

A

Rutherford B. Hayes

73
Q

20th president,assassinated July 2nd 1881

A

James Garfield

74
Q

21st president

Had to break the spoils system

A

Chester A. Arthur

75
Q

23rd president
Dependent and disability pension- gave compensation to veterans disabled from nonmilitary causes and to veterans dependents

A

Benjamin Harrison

76
Q

22nd and 24th president, only president it serve two nonconsecutive terms

A

Grover Cleveland

77
Q

Appealed to the common people, believed in a single term for president, national tax, shorter work hours, women’s right to vote

A

The populist party

78
Q

Homer plessy vs Ferguson

A

Homer plessy sues for being denied a seat on a railroad car. Court rules that segregation is legal as long as it’s equal

79
Q

25th president, president during the Spanish American war

Fatally shot by Leon Czdgosz

A

William McKinely

80
Q

USS Maine

A

Sent to Havana

February 15,1898 the ship suddenly exploded killing 260 American sailors

81
Q

People who want to control the governments and resources of those nations, the US wanted to use their resources for economic growth to better the people

A

Imperialistic

82
Q

The progressive movement

A

They focused on urban problems, government and business

83
Q

Break up big combination of companies

A

Trust Busters

84
Q

Schools wanted to teach good character and citizenship not just facts.

A

Progressive education

85
Q

Music and leisure

A

Music of the era was ragtime and jazz

Movies were called nickelodeons

86
Q

Variety shows

A

Vaudeville

87
Q

26th president, a progressive trustbuster, preserved the wilderness, won a noble peace prize, Panama Canal

A

Theodore Roosevelt

88
Q

27th president 1909-1913, later became the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

A

William H. Taft

89
Q

28th president, first president with a Ph.D., moral diplomacy: promote democracy and world peace, president during WWI

A

Woodrow Wilson

90
Q

Karl Marx

A

The father of modern socialism

91
Q

Henry Ford made….

A

Model-T

92
Q

Wilbur and Orville Wright

A

First controlled flight

93
Q

Archduke Ferdinand

A

Heir to the throne, assassinated on June 28th 1914

His wife Sophie is also killed

94
Q

Allied powers

A

Russia, France, England, USA (1917)

95
Q

Central powers

A

Germany, Ottoman Empire, Austria Hungary

96
Q

Fighting in ditches protected by barbed wire

A

Trench warfare

97
Q

First dictator of Russia, leads the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 to overthrow ruled form 1917-1924

A

Vladimir Lenin

98
Q

When did the Great War end?

A

At 11:00 A.M. on November 11,1918 (11/11 at 11, 1918)

Known as the war to end all wars

99
Q

Wilsons 14 points

A

A plan toward world peace, point 14 called for a League of Nations (organization set up to settle conflicts through negotiations)

100
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

1) forced Germany to claim full responsibility for the war
2) Germany loses land claims
3) Demilitarize down to 100,000 men
4) pays reparations $33 billion

101
Q

World epidemic spreads killing 25 million

A

Influenza

102
Q

The red scare

A

Between 1919-1920 the fear of communism was in the USA

103
Q

Lusitania

A

Sank off the coast of Ireland by a U-Boat May 7,1915

1,200 passengers are killed including 128 Americans

104
Q

Germany will create an alliance with Mexico and Mexico will receive the territory lost in the southwest. German sinks 4 unarmed U.S. Merchant vessels

A

Zimmerman note

105
Q

Doughboys

A

American infantry men with big buttons on the uniforms that resembled bakers

106
Q

18th amendment

A

Prohibition of alcohol (1919) prohibiting the sale, consumption, and distribution of alcohol

107
Q

19th amendment

A

1920- gave women the right to vote

108
Q

When was the radio invented?

A

1920

109
Q

Women who were thin, bobbed their hair, risqué dress, smoke, drink, and talk freely about many topics

A

Flappers

110
Q

The Charleston

A

Danced started in 1913 became popular

111
Q

Underground saloons

A

Speakeasies

112
Q

American literature and poets

A

Known as the lost generation, the great Gatsby

113
Q

Public enemy number one

A

Al Capone (scar face) of Chicago, arrested for failing to paths I income taxes. Went to prison and its of syphils

114
Q

Scopes trail

A

1925- John scopes a substitute teacher allegedly taught the theory of evolution in the classroom
Known as the monkey trial

115
Q

29th president

While visiting San Francisco, dies of a heart attack

A

Warren Harding

116
Q

30th president

Supported civil right, signed Indian citizenship

A

Calvin Coolidge

117
Q

Charles Lindbergh

A

May of 1927, flew the first nonstop transatlantic flight in the spirit of St. Louis

118
Q

Black Tuesday

A

October 29th, 1929
Stock market crashes, everyone sells
Overproduction was the key to the crash

119
Q

31st president, blamed for the Great Depression, known as the Great humanitarian

A

Herbert Hoover

120
Q

The dust bowl

A

The 1930’s a severe drought, wind storms pick up dirt and create dust clouds

121
Q

32nd president 1933-1945; elected 4 times, suffered from polio

A

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

122
Q

FDRs plan for economic recovery through the federal government. It was many ideas to solve the economic crisis

A

The new deal

123
Q

Alphabet agencies

A

They would bring relief, recovery, and reform

CCC: civilian conservation Corp- the most popular provided jobs about 3 million men

124
Q

21st amendment

A

1933 amendment repeals the 18th amendment (prohibition law) alcohol is now legal
Government could tax alcohol

125
Q

First woman to pilot a plane across the Atlantic

A

Amelia Earhart

126
Q

May 6, 1937- a German airship explodes in New Jersey killing 36 people. Most dramatic event of the decade

A

Zeppelin explosion

127
Q

1933- became the Furher
The third reich
Master race

A

Adolf hitler

128
Q

Axis powers

A

Germany (hitler)
Italy (Benito Mussolini)
Japan (Hirohito)

129
Q

World War II began…

A

September 1939, Germany invades Poland (Blitzkrieg-Lightning War)

130
Q

Operation Sea Lion

A

The Battle of Britain or “the blitz”-July-October 1940

Germany bombards factories and airstrips (Air raids) south of London

131
Q

Dictator of Russia 1929-1952 led by terror, dies from cerebral hemorrhage

A

Joesph Stalin

132
Q

Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

A

December 7,1941

133
Q

Allied powers

A

USA, France, Great Britain, Soviet Union, China

134
Q

Women who worked in the factories

A

Rosie the Riveter

135
Q

Japanese internment camps

A

120,000 Japanese Americans are put in internment camps along the west coast

136
Q

Deaths of WWII

A

6 million Jews (2/3 of the Jewish population Europe)

137
Q

GI

A

Nickname for the solider “government issue”

138
Q

Operation overload

A

June 6,1944

D-Day, the longest day, the invasion of Normandy

139
Q

May 7,1945

A

V-E day

Germany surrenders, victory in Europe day

140
Q

33rd president who gave the order to drop the bomb. President during Korea war

A

Harry S. Truman

141
Q

The bomb

A

August 6,1945- Paul tibbets, Enola gay drops little boy over Hiroshima killing 92,000
August 9,1945-the box car drops fat man over Nagasaki

142
Q

Signed the documents on September 2, on the battle ship Missouri
World War II is over

A

V-J day

2 Semester Final- Eighth Grade (4 decks)

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