US History Flashcards
1
Q
1st president form 1789-1797
A
George Washington
2
Q
Ranks as the second best president, never lived in the White House, only president unanimously elected.
A
George Washington
3
Q
French architect hired by Washington/design DC
A
Pierre L’Enfant
4
Q
Where is Pierre L’Enfant buried?
A
Arlington, overlooking Washington DC
5
Q
Benjamin Banneker
A
African American assistant to Pierre L’Enfant, memorized his design and finished the construction
6
Q
2nd president 1797-1801
A
John Adams
7
Q
First president to live in the White House
A
John Adams
8
Q
What were the two issues during John Adams presidency?
A
XYZ affair and the Alien Sedition Act
9
Q
3rd president 1801-1809
A
Thomas Jefferson
10
Q
Thomas Jefferson is not….
A
Known for being a great president
11
Q
What is Laissez-Faire?
A
Let the people do as they choose
12
Q
The embargo act
A
Stop trade with other nations
13
Q
Marbury vs Madison
A
First time they used Judicial Review- Determine the constitutionality of a government action (right to declare acts of congress unconstitutional)
14
Q
Purchased from France for $15 million, less than 0.04 an acre, the country doubled in size
A
Louisiana Purchase
15
Q
Who were Meriweather Lewis and William Clark
A
Told to explore all territory until they reach the Pacific Ocean. They claimed land for the US
They explore Northern part of territory and find an all water route to the Pacific Ocean
16
Q
When did Lewis and Clark leave up the Missouri River?
A
May 14, 1804
17
Q
Shoshoi name means “Bird Woman”. Became a guide to Lewis and Clark at 16
A
Sacajawea
18
Q
Explores the southern part of territory. He provided the first detailed description of the Great Plains and the Rockies
A
Zebulon Pike
19
Q
4th President 1809-1817, Father of the Constitution, inherits the country in a mess
A
James Madison
20
Q
Tecumseh
A
Native American who would put a stop to the expansion of white settlers. Builds a union among Native American nations
21
Q
Tenskwatawa
A
“The Prophet”. Urged native Americans to return to their customs of their ancestors
22
Q
Led by William Henry Harrison, attacked and destroyed Prophetstown
A
Battle of Tippecanoe
23
Q
What was impressment?
A
Done by the British to American soldiers and forced them to serve on British war ships
24
Q
Who wrote the “Star Spangled Banner”
A
Francis Scott Key
25
5th President, president during the Era of good feelings
James Monroe
26
Missouri Compromise
Made Maine a free state (23rd state), but Missouri was a slave state
Prohibited slavery north of the 36 degree, 30 minute boundary line
27
6th president, corrupt bargain, later became a House of Representatives member served 17 years only former president to do so
John Quincy Adams
28
7th president (president of the people)
Andrew Jackson
29
Who came up with the spoils system and fought the national bank, and was censured?
Andrew Jackson
30
Tariff
A fee paid by merchants who imported goods. Congress passed a law that placed a high tariff on imported goods from Europe
31
Trail of tears
1838-about 15,000 Cherokee are forced to move west, from south east to Oklahoma, 4,000 die
32
8th president, known as a Jacksonian,the panic of 1837 ruins his presidency
Martin Van Buren
33
9th president, gave a 1 1/2 hour speech at his inauguration
| Dies of pneumonia, first president to die in office
William Henry Harrison
34
10th president
1st Vice President to accede after a death of a president
Signs the agreement for the annexation of Texas
John Tyler
35
Abolitionist
Do away with slavery
36
Fredrick Douglas
Born as a slave, but became very educated, escaped and became free. Wrote a book called North Star
37
Slave codes
These codes were written to prevent slave rebellions, slaves could not meet in large groups, a crime to teach enslaved people to read and write
38
What was the largest group of immigrants from 1820-1860 and what was it due to?
Irish due to a terrible potato famine
39
Temperance movement
Reformers blamed alcohol for family breakups, poverty, and crime. Called for drinking little or no alcohol
40
Communities based on a vision of a perfect society 1960's
Utopias
41
A convention for women's rights and equality. Established by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Most controversial issue: suffrage
Seneca Falls Convention 1848
42
Susan B Anthony
Built the women's rights movement to a national level, called for women's rights, temperance, equal pay and coeducation
43
Two best friends were a bible and a rifle, first American to visit California
Jedediah smith
44
Began in independence, Missouri in 1843
| Left in the early spring and traveled 2,000 miles
Oregon trail
45
February 26- March 6,1846. Defeated by the Mexican army, all 187 American die in the battle, some women, children, and some servant live to tell of the battle
Alamo
46
Known as the king of the wild frontier. Became a congressman, fought and supposedly died in the last day of the battle at the Alamo
Davy Crockett
47
Belief the United States should extend from the Atlantic to the pacific
Manifest destiny
48
11th president, went to war with Mexico, fulfilled the manifest destiny
James Polk
49
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
1848-known as the Mexican cession, the US oats $15 million
| California would enter as the 31st free state
50
12th president 1849-1850
On July 4th, ate cherries and milk
Dies 5 days later of Cholera Morbus
Zachary Taylor
51
13th president, most forgettable president
| Believed in slavery 60% of economy based on southern cotton
Millard Fillmore
52
14th president
Son dies in a train accident 3 weeks before inauguration, 3rd child lost, effects his presidency, signs Kansas-Nebraska Act
Franklin Pierce
53
Harriet Tubman
Freed over 300 slaves in 19 trips during the 1850's
Called the "Conductor of the Underground Railroad"
Known as the "Moses of her people"
54
15th president
| Rated near the bottom for presidents, 7 southern states in February 1861 while he's in office
James Buchanan
55
16th president, ranked as the number one president
1858- "A house divided against itself cannot stand"
Save the union
Abraham Lincoln
56
Who was the first and only president for the confederate states of America?
Jefferson Davis
57
Asked by Lincoln to command the union, but declines
| One of the greatest general ever, fought for the south
Robert E Lee
58
Battle of Gettysburg
July 1-3, 1863
| High ground is very important, turning point of the war, 53,000 killed
59
Only civilian killed in the battle of Gettysburg
Jennie Wade
60
What virtually ended the civil war?
Surrender at Appomattox April 9,1865
| Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox court house
61
Outlawed slavery
13th amendment
62
All information on Lincoln's assassination
Good Friday, April 14,1865
Watching "Our American Cousin"
Killed by John Wilkes booth
Sic Semper Tyrannis- thus always to tyrants
63
17th president 1865
Only former president to serve as a senator, he removed a public official without the consent of the the senate, first president to be impeached
Andrew Johnson
64
18th president
Commanding general Union
Appointed corrupt cabinet members which ruined his presidency
Ulysses S. Grant
65
1870-prohibited the states from denying any person the right to vote because of race,color, or previous servitude
15th amendment
66
Homestead Act
Opened the Great Plains for settlement in 1862, giving 160 acres of land for free if they live on it for 5 years plus pay a filing fee, lived on sod houses
67
Offered land and citizenship to Native American families to farm land of 160 acres. If they choose w ranch, it was 350 acres
Reservation: government set aside land for native Americans
Dawes act
68
June 25,1876 Montana
Sitting bull and crazy horse gather warriors to defend themselves, Custer wanting the glory, divided his army and attacked the native Americans
Around 250 soldiers are killed in what is known as custers last stand
Battle of Little Bighorn
69
Wounded knee
In South Dakota on December 29,1890, US soldiers were turning to capture Big Foot, the end some 300 Indians including women and children were killed along with 25 US soldiers. Marked an end of armed conflicts between white and Native Americans
70
The gilded age
What mark twain named the age of industry, refers to something covered in a thin layer of gold paint suggesting great wealth with terrible poverty that lay underneath
71
Statue of Liberty
October 28,1886
Symbolizes the land of freedom and opportunity, 152 copper statue
Torch-freedom
Tablet- Declaration of Independence
72
19th president, compromise of 1877( federal troops removed from south and federal money given to the south)
Rutherford B. Hayes
73
20th president,assassinated July 2nd 1881
James Garfield
74
21st president
| Had to break the spoils system
Chester A. Arthur
75
23rd president
Dependent and disability pension- gave compensation to veterans disabled from nonmilitary causes and to veterans dependents
Benjamin Harrison
76
22nd and 24th president, only president it serve two nonconsecutive terms
Grover Cleveland
77
Appealed to the common people, believed in a single term for president, national tax, shorter work hours, women's right to vote
The populist party
78
Homer plessy vs Ferguson
Homer plessy sues for being denied a seat on a railroad car. Court rules that segregation is legal as long as it's equal
79
25th president, president during the Spanish American war
| Fatally shot by Leon Czdgosz
William McKinely
80
USS Maine
Sent to Havana
| February 15,1898 the ship suddenly exploded killing 260 American sailors
81
People who want to control the governments and resources of those nations, the US wanted to use their resources for economic growth to better the people
Imperialistic
82
The progressive movement
They focused on urban problems, government and business
83
Break up big combination of companies
Trust Busters
84
Schools wanted to teach good character and citizenship not just facts.
Progressive education
85
Music and leisure
Music of the era was ragtime and jazz
| Movies were called nickelodeons
86
Variety shows
Vaudeville
87
26th president, a progressive trustbuster, preserved the wilderness, won a noble peace prize, Panama Canal
Theodore Roosevelt
88
27th president 1909-1913, later became the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
William H. Taft
89
28th president, first president with a Ph.D., moral diplomacy: promote democracy and world peace, president during WWI
Woodrow Wilson
90
Karl Marx
The father of modern socialism
91
Henry Ford made....
Model-T
92
Wilbur and Orville Wright
First controlled flight
93
Archduke Ferdinand
Heir to the throne, assassinated on June 28th 1914
| His wife Sophie is also killed
94
Allied powers
Russia, France, England, USA (1917)
95
Central powers
Germany, Ottoman Empire, Austria Hungary
96
Fighting in ditches protected by barbed wire
Trench warfare
97
First dictator of Russia, leads the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 to overthrow ruled form 1917-1924
Vladimir Lenin
98
When did the Great War end?
At 11:00 A.M. on November 11,1918 (11/11 at 11, 1918)
| Known as the war to end all wars
99
Wilsons 14 points
A plan toward world peace, point 14 called for a League of Nations (organization set up to settle conflicts through negotiations)
100
Treaty of Versailles
1) forced Germany to claim full responsibility for the war
2) Germany loses land claims
3) Demilitarize down to 100,000 men
4) pays reparations $33 billion
101
World epidemic spreads killing 25 million
Influenza
102
The red scare
Between 1919-1920 the fear of communism was in the USA
103
Lusitania
Sank off the coast of Ireland by a U-Boat May 7,1915
| 1,200 passengers are killed including 128 Americans
104
Germany will create an alliance with Mexico and Mexico will receive the territory lost in the southwest. German sinks 4 unarmed U.S. Merchant vessels
Zimmerman note
105
Doughboys
American infantry men with big buttons on the uniforms that resembled bakers
106
18th amendment
Prohibition of alcohol (1919) prohibiting the sale, consumption, and distribution of alcohol
107
19th amendment
1920- gave women the right to vote
108
When was the radio invented?
1920
109
Women who were thin, bobbed their hair, risqué dress, smoke, drink, and talk freely about many topics
Flappers
110
The Charleston
Danced started in 1913 became popular
111
Underground saloons
Speakeasies
112
American literature and poets
Known as the lost generation, the great Gatsby
113
Public enemy number one
Al Capone (scar face) of Chicago, arrested for failing to paths I income taxes. Went to prison and its of syphils
114
Scopes trail
1925- John scopes a substitute teacher allegedly taught the theory of evolution in the classroom
Known as the monkey trial
115
29th president
| While visiting San Francisco, dies of a heart attack
Warren Harding
116
30th president
| Supported civil right, signed Indian citizenship
Calvin Coolidge
117
Charles Lindbergh
May of 1927, flew the first nonstop transatlantic flight in the spirit of St. Louis
118
Black Tuesday
October 29th, 1929
Stock market crashes, everyone sells
Overproduction was the key to the crash
119
31st president, blamed for the Great Depression, known as the Great humanitarian
Herbert Hoover
120
The dust bowl
The 1930's a severe drought, wind storms pick up dirt and create dust clouds
121
32nd president 1933-1945; elected 4 times, suffered from polio
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
122
FDRs plan for economic recovery through the federal government. It was many ideas to solve the economic crisis
The new deal
123
Alphabet agencies
They would bring relief, recovery, and reform
| CCC: civilian conservation Corp- the most popular provided jobs about 3 million men
124
21st amendment
1933 amendment repeals the 18th amendment (prohibition law) alcohol is now legal
Government could tax alcohol
125
First woman to pilot a plane across the Atlantic
Amelia Earhart
126
May 6, 1937- a German airship explodes in New Jersey killing 36 people. Most dramatic event of the decade
Zeppelin explosion
127
1933- became the Furher
The third reich
Master race
Adolf hitler
128
Axis powers
Germany (hitler)
Italy (Benito Mussolini)
Japan (Hirohito)
129
World War II began...
September 1939, Germany invades Poland (Blitzkrieg-Lightning War)
130
Operation Sea Lion
The Battle of Britain or "the blitz"-July-October 1940
| Germany bombards factories and airstrips (Air raids) south of London
131
Dictator of Russia 1929-1952 led by terror, dies from cerebral hemorrhage
Joesph Stalin
132
Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
December 7,1941
133
Allied powers
USA, France, Great Britain, Soviet Union, China
134
Women who worked in the factories
Rosie the Riveter
135
Japanese internment camps
120,000 Japanese Americans are put in internment camps along the west coast
136
Deaths of WWII
6 million Jews (2/3 of the Jewish population Europe)
137
GI
Nickname for the solider "government issue"
138
Operation overload
June 6,1944
| D-Day, the longest day, the invasion of Normandy
139
May 7,1945
V-E day
| Germany surrenders, victory in Europe day
140
33rd president who gave the order to drop the bomb. President during Korea war
Harry S. Truman
141
The bomb
August 6,1945- Paul tibbets, Enola gay drops little boy over Hiroshima killing 92,000
August 9,1945-the box car drops fat man over Nagasaki
142
Signed the documents on September 2, on the battle ship Missouri
World War II is over
V-J day
