us history 1 mid-term Flashcards
new England preacher who started the great awakening and wrote “sinners in the hands of an angry god”
jonathan edwards
made a picture of the boston masacure that was intentially wrong to make the colonists angry with the british
paul revere
popular traveling preacher of the great awakining
George whitfield
convinced native americans to become allies with the british during the French and indian war
jeoseph brant
british major who was very unsucsesful in battle during the French and indian war
George washington
encouraged the british to fight using guerilla warfare and had ft. Duquesne named after him
William pitt
british officer in charge of the military in boston who planned the march to Lexington and concord
general gage
wrote a poem that made paul revere the most well known of the midnight riders
henry wadsworth longfellow
the great awakening was a response to the loss of ____ in the colonies in the 18th century
religious spirituality
during the great awakening the two major religious denominations that were created are…
Methodists and baptists
was Columbia or yale created during the great awakening?
columbia
the French and indian war was the colonial part of what war?
seven years war
at the beginning of the French and indian war the two sides were?
French and indian vs. the british
the French and indian war end with a huge british victory where?
quebec
what did the treaty of paris in 1763 state?
- spain gives FL to british
- france give up all land in north AM
- Spain gets Louisiana territory
- NA’s gained no land
the british decide to tax products in the colonies mainly to..
pay the debt from the French and indian war
anger of the quartering act resulted in…
the boston masacure
the boston tea party was carried out by a group of colonists known as
sons of liberty
all of the following were decisions made at the first continential congrrss EXCEPT…
- train colonial militias
- increase boycotting of british products
- install George Washington as commander of the armed forces
- stop trading with the british
- meet again in the future
paul revere warns colonists of the coming of the british army by using the tallest building in boston, which is?
old north church
of the following which one was not a midnight rider?
William dawes
samual adams
samual Prescott
paul revere
the british tried to make a sneak attack on Lexington and concord because…
the patriots had a stockpile of weapons and ammo there
the only state that does not send a representative to the first continental congresss is
georgia
what is not part of the puritan mentalty? grace depravity inner light covenent
inner light
the issue that caused tension between NA’s and the settelers of new England was
the taking of land by settlers
the most signifigant result of Bacon’s rebellion was…
England excerts even more control over the colony
how was indentured servitude different from traditional slavery
indentured servents were eventually given freedom
brought order to the Jamestown colony but was later dismissed
john smith
gvener of Jamestown wjo was openly hostile towards the native americans
lord de la warre
settler who introduced the tobacco crop to jamestown
john rolfe
daughter of a native chief who married an English settler
pocohontas
powerful native chief whose relationaship with Jamestown settlers soured after the death of his daughter
powhatan
became the first expieriment in representative government in amrerica
house of burgesses
settlers of MA who believed in religious strict laws
puritans
believed that only the individual can decide weather or not he/she has grace
anne huchinson
believed that NA’s should be compensated for all the land taken from them
roger williams
group that separated themselves from the puritans and believed in pacifism
quakers
new England tribe that as attacked by English settlers in 1637
pequots
Virginian settler who attempted to overthrow the royal government
nathaniel baon
royal govener of Virginia who was overthrown temporarily in 1676
willaim berkley
Wampanoag chief who tried to expel all English settlers from new england
metacom
bleived all freeman should have a vote
Thomas hooker
what is the best way to describe why Europeans came to America?
god, glory, gold
indentured servitude is different from chattel slavery because….
indentured servents were eventually given freedom
the issue that plagued the settlers of Jamestown when they first arrived was…
a high death rate
Jamestown colonists generally despised the leadership of lord de la warre because…
he often acted like a king
the main result of openchancanough’s attack on the Jamestown colonists was…
colonists bec=gan seeing NA’s as sub-humans
the Virginia Co lost its charter in 1624 mainly because of…
the establishment of the house of burgesses
what is not part on puritan mentallity
inner light
the only people who could vote and be leaders of the puritan colony were…
those with grace
the most common crimes in puritain society was..
moral crimes (lying drinking)
the issue that caused great tensions between new England settlers and Na’s was…
the taking of land
European settlers referred to metacom as king Philip because…
he was jokeinly compared to the king of spain
when metacom declared war on the settlers of new England his goal was to…
make all of them want to leave new england
in 1676 Nathaniel bacon’s major grievance in Virginia was…
the lack of response by the govener to native American attacks
the most signifigant result of nathaniels rebellion was….
England excerts more power on the colony
in the 17th century, the group that would have been considered the middle in the south was…
the farmers
the salem witch trails could have occurred because of
- mass hysteria and paronoia
- fueds between familes
- possible ingestion of drugs
- rewards given to accusers
the main concern of the drafters of the articles of confederation was…
avoiding a tyrannical government
one reason why interstate trade suffered in the states under the articles of confederation was…
each state had its own money
under the 3/5 compromise,
three fifths of a states slave population counted towards representation
anti-federalists criticized federalists as being
against individual freedoms
shays rebellions was important because it led many states to believing that
the articles of confederation should be amended
the only major success of the articles of confederation was…
the northwest ordinence
the two new branches of government created by the constitution were the
judiciary and executive
the system of checks and balances was created to…
limit the powers of the branches of government
the northwest ordinance stated that…
new territories would be organized into states
the federalists papers we written to…
convince readers that the constitution SHOULD be ratified
the federalists papers were written by..
james Madison, john jay, and alexander hamilton
though both the federalists and the Jeffersonian both supported the revolution in France, they disagreed over the method used by the revolutionaries known as…
the reign of terror
under the jay treaty the American agreed to trade with ____ if they agreed not to aid _____
britian, navitve americans
George washingtons response to the whicky rebellion was critized by some who felt
his actions were like those of king George prior to the American revolution
the xyz affair angered many americans because…
they felt france was trying to extort money from us
the alien act was made mainly to target…
French immigrants
john adams lost support from his own party because he…
refused to go to war with france
one of the differences between federalists and jeffersonians was that….
federalists believd that only th elites of the society should participate in government
the kentucy and Virginia resolutions were a challenge to the constitution as they brought up the…
states rights
the Kentucky and Virginia resolutions ultimately failed because….
other states refused to support them
one of the changes john smith made upon becoming govener of Jamestown was….
to learn techniques for survival from the NA’s
in 1676 nthaniel bacon was upset with what issue in Virginia?
the control of the colony by the british
“common sence” was influential in convinceing americans they should fight for…
independence from britian
Saratoga was an important victory for the americans during the revolutionary war because it meant….
they were now winning
the Virginia co lost its charter mainly because….
the establishment of the house of burgesses
most of the American casualties during the revolutionary war came from….
british prison ships
he made a huge strategic errorat Saratoga which led to adevistating defeat…
general bergoyne
persued Washingtons army until they retreated to new jersey
general howe
leader of the green mountin boys, captured ft. Ticonderoga without having to fire a shot
ethan allen
tried to give the plans to the American fort at westpoint to the british in an infamous act of treason
benedict arnold
helped washingotn train soldiers to be a professional army
baron von steuban
confident seaman who led the bonne home Richard to victory over the serpris
john paul jones
made the final surrender of the british in 1781
general cornwallis
paid by british to fight on their side despite not speaking english
hessians
inalienable:
can not take away, like a birth right
usurpations:
a taking by force
pyrrhic victory:
a victory that inflicts such a devastating toll on the victor that it takes away the feeling that it was a victory
the three unalienable rights listed in the declaration of independence….
life liberty and the pursuit of happiness
throughout the DOI the writers list many offenses “he” has commited, who is he?
king George the 3rd
the writer of the DOI believe that the government should be created by….
the people
during the early part of the Rev. war George Washington record as a general can best be described as….
more failures than succeses
the britiah had al of the following advantages over the American in the war except?
- a greater commitment to the cause
- a superior army
- a superior navy
- greater access to military resources
- a greater number of troops
a greater commitment to the cuase
most of the casualties of the war came from…
british prison ships
the American loses in NY in 1776 were important because…
the british nearly cut off new England from the rest of the colonies
the “rule” of warfare that the continental army broke during the revolutionary war was..
targeting british officers
one of the technological advances in weaponry used by the americans was…
guns with grooved barels
the most important result at the American victory in Saratoga was…
france joinde the war on Americas side
the british ultimately surrendered at Yorktown because…
a French fleet foiled their lan to escape by sea
washingtons attack on the hessians was successful mainly because….
he made a sneak attack right after the hessians Christmas celebration
the bonne homme Richards defeat of the HMS serpris is surprising because…
the serpirs was a far superior ship
the treaty of paris was signed by john jay, john adams, and….
ben franklin
was “british loyalists living in America must move to Canada” a part of the treaty of paris/
no
what issue cUSED BAD RELATIONS BETWEEN na’S AND SETTLERS?
VIOLENCE WHEN LAND WAS AT STAKE
what three tribes formed analiance in 1790 to resist westward expansion?
Miami, delaware, and Shawnee tribes
who were the leaders of the alliance?
little turtle(Miami), and blue jacket(Shawnee)
what happened at miamitown?
an expedition led by Arthur st. Claire is defeated at miamitown (now ft. wayne, IN), in 1790
how did George Washington reorganize the army?
turns continental army into well-trained professional “leigion”
who did George Washington put in charge of the new legion?
general “mad” Anthony wayne
what is general “mad” the first to require his soldiers to do?
go through basic training
why did little turtle try to convice the resistance to not fight against the legion?
the legion was to powerful
how did the alliance respond?
the NA leaders did not listen and they faced the leion at “fallen timbers”
what happened at fallen timbers?
the alliance is defeated badly
what is the alliance forced to do?
sign the treaty of greenville
what are the two terms of the Greenville treaty?
- NA’s give up all territory in southern ohio
- ohio river can be used as a boundry by the Na’s
what was the state of the alliance at the beginning of the 19th century
very week
what four options did they have?
- accept the white culture
- blend the two cultures
- return to old traditions
- more military action
who avocted accepting the white culture? why?
little turtle
-he was given land as payment by the government
who vocated blending the two cultures?
handsome lake from the senea tribe
what else did handsome lake warn the NA’s about?
alcohol
who advocated returning the native traditions? why?
Shawnee leader tenskwatawa “the profet”
-strongly opposed assimilation
assimilation:
a person or persons acquire the social and psychological characteristics of a group
who advised military action?
tenskwatawa’s brother, tecumseh
why would he not accept the treaty of Greensville?
he didn’t want to give up their land
who did he warn abour possible military action?
indianna govener william henry harrison
how did the govener respond?
gatherd army and prepared for battle
what happened then?
- army of 1000 men marched to Tecumseh’s village
- tenskwatawa orders warriors to attack
- this is the battle of tippec anoe 11/7/1811
what are the results for the NA’s?
essentially tie but their moral is broken
moral:
basically spirit
whatdo theNA’s do when the war of 1812 breaks out?
join the british
how does Tecumseh respond to he british talk of retreat?
not happy, wants to fight to the death
what becomes of Tecumseh?
he is killed at the battle of thames in canada
what do you think govener Harrison thought so highly of Tecumseh?
- he respected him as a leader
- respected his decisions and how he respected others
what were the two events that led up to the war of 1812?
- us shipping was being harassed, cargo was seized
- impressment of sailors (slavery on the sea)
- british navy kidnapped sailors and forced then to join their navy
impressment:
slavery on the sea
what did the embargo of 1807 do?
halted all trade with europe
why were the northerns against the embargo?
they imported ost of their goods
who becomes predident after Jefferson? what is he known for?
james Madison
-federalist papers
what did the non-intercourse act do?
no trade with france/britian
james Madison could reopen trade when they lifted restrictions
who are the war hawks?
southern congressmen who favored war, even though it hurt the east
what were the 4 potential benifets of going to war with britian?
- reopen trade
- national pride
- stop kidnapping/slavery of our soldiers
- CANADA!!!!!!
what were two potential hazards of going to war with britian?
- we have a small army
- britian was still a great power
where did the war of 1812 start>
we invaded canada
what are the tree major events at the bigining of the war?
- we burn down York (toranto)
- perry defeated the british on lake eirie
- britian blockades the eastern seaboard
what did britian do after marching to Washington D.C?
burn down the white house/capitol
what happens at the battle of ft. mchenry?
british try to attakc
who was at this battle? what did he do?
frances scott key, he wrote the star spangled banner
what was the peace treaty called?
treaty of ghent
what did this treaty call for?
no party lost and no land was taken
why was it not the real end of the war?
word didn’t get to the troops right away
who is in charge at new Orleans? what is hi strategy?
Andrew Jackson, trenches to hide and wait till they come close
what is the results at new Orleans?
bitish get annialated loss> 2000
annialated:
to destroy, obliterate
what are the major results of the war of 1812?
gave the US a national identity
- we beat the British agan (the Rev. wasn’t fluke)
- thinking about westward expansion
- ended bad feelings toward the british
who was the president during the era of good feelings?
james monroe
why is he called the last “knee britches” president?
- 4/5 of the first presidents came from Virginia
- true states men
where did the era of good feelngs originate?
good will tour of new England in 1817
why was it called this?
he ran unopposed
what were some of monroes accomplishments?
protective tariff and a new national bank
tariff:
a tax
what is the porpose of a tariff?
to increase the tax on forgien goods so people will want to buy US goods
what did Monroe oppose?
federal aid for improvement on constitutional grounds
why did the panic of 1819 occur?
- falling cotton prices
- hurt manufacturing in the north
- economic instability in the south
what did this lead to?
Missouri compromise
how did the slavery issue cause problems at his time?
Alabama and illinios were just admitted to the union
what is the Missouri line and what does it mean?
36-30 (longitude)
-any states below this line is open to slavery
what did the bush bagot agreement state?
no warships on great lakes
what was decided at the convention of 1818?
49th parallel longitude line of the louisianna purchase and Canada, join to occupation of oragon US could fish in great banks
why was florida an issue to the US?
spain wouldn’t police it so there were pirates and hostile native americans
what was the adams onis treaty?
spain seeded florida to US
- we wont touch TX if we get florida
what did the Monroe docorine state?
western hemisphere is off likits to further europen colonization
- trying to colonize would be unfavorable
- no interfering
what did the US agree to do if the European countires followed the doctorine?
we would stay out of European affairs
what was the major ijmportance of the Monroe doctorine?
- wasn’t called MD until 1852
- precedent of hemispheric hegemony
- precedent of isolation w/europe
who was jeffersons opponent in the election of 1800?
john adams (a rematch)
who wins the popular vote?
Jefferson, by a landslide
how is the vie president determined?
they split their votes between Jefferson and arron burr
-they give Jefferson more so that he will be president
why did the electoral college cast too many votes for aron burr?
they voted incorrectly
how does this create a probem?
since it was a tie the house of reps had to choose a president
who were many federalists thinking of chosing?
burr
how does alexander Hamilton help Jefferson?
urges the federalists to vote for jefferson
what are the tre things that Jefferson does when he is president?
- pardon those under the alien and sedation acts
- eliminate excise taxes
- reduced the size of the government, this reduced the national debt
how did the judiciary act impact the supreme court/
it changed the number of judges from 6-5 (it created judgeships)
what did john adams do riht before he left office?
appointed federalists judges so that they interpret the constitution in a way that the federalists would like
why were these people called the “midnight judges”?
because adams was rushing to get this done b4 he is run out of office
who is William marburry?
one of the midnight judges
why did Jefferson not want to give him the job that adams promised him?
Jefferson never promised him this job. adams did, so it wasn’t jeffersons responcibility
what does marbury do?
takes it to the supreme court
how did the court decide?
against Marbury- says the pres. has the right to not give him the job
why is this considerd a land mark case?
the first time they declared an act unconstitutional
why was Jefferson concerned about napoleon and the French?
napoleon gained control of the Louisiana territory and had dreams of a world empire
what oes Jefferson decide to do?
sends james Monroe to franch to offer napoleon 10 million for the Orleans territory
what happens that affects napoleons decision?
- having bad relations with britian
- uprising in Haiti- the people in Haiti defeated the french
what is the final deal that is made?
15 million for the whole Louisiana purchase
what position does arron burr decide to run for?
run for govner in NY
how does alexander Hamilton influence his election?
once again he urges people not to vote for burr
how does burr react?
he challenges Hamilton to a duel (they both get to fire a shot)
-Hamilton misses and burr hits Hamilton and hits him in the stomache, killing hamilton
what happens next?
burr is seen as a really bad person, his carreer is forever ruined
did Jefferson know anything about the new territory he gained?
no
what is the name of the man he chose to explor it?
meiwether louis
why was he a good fit?
his knowledge of medicine, botony, zoology, and celestial navigation
what is the name of the man Louis chose to come with him?
William clarke
why was he chosen?
his knowledge in map making, bring a nature artist, and a rivr boat man, good at hunting, trapping, tracking, camping, and land navigation
Jefferson set out five major goals for the expidition
- follow the Missouri river and find its sources
- find a water route to the pacific ocean, known as the northwest passage
- learn about the NA’s costoms, and culture
- write about the newly discovered animals, and plants
- learn about the climate, soil, and terrian
how many soldiers joined them?
21
how many riversmen?
18
who else joined them?
an interpreter
what kind of boats did the crew have?
- one long keelboat
- 2 smaller boats known as pirogues
where and when did the depart?
may 1804, from independence MO
who were the NA’s very interested in? why?
Clarke’s slave, York
-they had never seen someone of African decent
what was York given the right to do?
vote
when winter came where did they stay?
with the NA tribe, the Maden people (ND)
who did they meet while staying there?
sacagawea
who was born during the trip?
jean baptiste
when they got to a fork in the river which way did they decide to go?
west, towards the great falls
when they got there how long did it take to travel arounf the 5 water falls?
one month
what did the encounter after the water falls?
rocky mountains
what did they realize?
the northwest passage did not excist
what did the have get from the shoshon tribe in order to keep moving forward?
horses
why was it pretty easy to get them?
the chief was sacageweas brother
where did they go after getting the horses?
across the bitterroot mountians and over the continental divide
when they ran out of food what did they eat?
candles, portable soup, and the horses
when did the group finally reach the pacific ocean?
November 1805
the built a fort there, what was the name?
fort clatsop
Louis and Clarke split up on the way home, where did Clarke go?
followed the Yellowstone river
and luois?
followed the Missouri river
when did they return home in st. luois?
September 1806
what did the crew gain information on?
178 new plants
12 new animals
40 different NA tribes
what was Luois name govener of?
luoisinna territory
how did he die?
under mysterious circumstances
what was Clarke named govener of?
Missouri territory
why did sacagewea send he son to live with Clarke?
to get a better education
Sacagawea’s death date is diputed, when is she thought to have died?
1884 and 1812
