US Government Chap 1 Flashcards
What ancient artifacts were written in 2300 BC in Iraq and contain the earlier known written appearance of the word “freedom” (amagi)?
tablets of sumer
what is the well preserved babylonian law code of ancient Mesopotamia that dates back to 1750 BC
hammurabi’s code
what form of government is controlled by a single ruler who is the head of the state?
monarchy
what basic greek political unit was based on a community of citizens that developed around 750 BC
polis
what was the center of greek government
acropolis
what form of government is hereditarily based on an elite few
aristocracy
what form of government has a cruel ruler who places his own interests over the best interests of the general population
tyranny
what form of government is rule by a few a small group of elite leaders
oligarchy
what prominent greek city state rose to become the dominant military land power in 650 BC
sparta
what prominent greek city state was a center for the arts, learning, and philosophy, and is widely referred to as a the cradle of western civilization
athens
what code of laws was written in 594 BC and was the first written form of self government and was the first athenian constitution
laws of solon
which athenian statesman established increased the power of the Athenian assembly in 510 BC and is known as the father of Athenian democracy
cleisthenes
what form of government is based on the direct rule of the people with decisions made by majority rule
democracy
what era took place from 461 to 429 BC and included cultural advancement and the building of the parthenon
golden age of athens
what athenian legal procedure used the vote and majority rule to banish a citizen from the city for 10 years without due process
ostracism
which greek philosopher believed the principles of right, justice, and law is based upon wisom and universal reason
socrates
which ancient greek scholar founded the school of athens in 386 BC and wrote the republic the statesman and laws and believed that the state should be ruled by philosopher kings
plato
which ancient greek scholar founded the lyceum in 336 BC and wrote politics and stated that the end of the state is the good life
aristotle
which group of individuals from the 18th century was influenced the most by the roman republic out of all forms of ancient government?
founding fathers
what form of government is based on representative government the rule of law and is limited in its power
republic
what civilization was founded by romulus in 753 BC and was based on monarchial rule
rome
what latin term means the power to command and was used by roman rulers to issue decrees and to punish offenders
imperium
what governing body advised the king ans was made up of 100 leading men who served for life
roman senate
what form of government was established in rome in 509 BC and lasted for over 450 years
roman republic
what does SPQR or senatus populusque romanus mean
senate and people of rome
what roman office was elected annually and was held by two individuals who had veto power over the other
consuls
what was romes first written consitution was inscribed in stone and placed in the roman forum in 450 BC
twelve tables
what was this constitution based on
the laws of solon
what is romes greatest contribution to western civilization
roman law
what is a system of rules that are created and enforced through government to regulate behavior
law
which roman statesman championed constitutional government and wrote on offices on republics and on laws in the 1st century
cicero
whcih roman statesman said monarchy becomes despotism aristocracy becomes oligarchy democracy becomes mob rule, chaos, and dictatorship
cicero
what political idea states that laws that govern humanity are universal and are used to protect rights possessed by all human beings and can be discovered through the use of reason
universal law
list four causes of the fall of the roman republic in the 1st century BC
civil war, conspiracy, revolts, Julius Ceasar
what term refers to the domination of other nations by one country
empire
what is the keystone of christian law and states that whatsoever ye would that men should do to you do ye even so to them
golden rule
what collapsed in 476 AD due to perpetual war, and over extended military, loss of freedom, a burgeoning welfare state, and political corruption
roman empire
what empire continued for another thousand years until its collapse in 1453 AD
byzantine
what compilation of law took place during the reign of Justinian the great and became the basis of European legal systems
body of civil law
what medieval government had an elected monarch a form of parliament and the principle of restitution
anglo-saxon government
what name was given to the militia that was made up of freemen who provided their own arms and provisions
fyrd
which king reigned from 871 to 899 and unified england into a single kingdom and required that all people be armed with personal weapons to defend themselves against viking attack
alfred the great
what filled the power vacuum left by the fall of the roman empire and was the most powerful institution during the early middle ages
imperial church
what form of government is run by a church or a religious authority
theocracy
what form of government is governed by one, generally by birth or succession
medievel monarchy
wjat historical event took place in 1066 and resulted int he coronation of William I as the king of England as well as other major political changes?
norman conquest of england
What medieval European political system was introduced to England by William I that was based on land and protection and included a hierarchy with kings lords knights and serfs
Feudalism
Who were the greatest lords of Europe and all those nights were the vessels
Kings and queens
Who were vassels of the king and we’re also lords of lower ranking nobles and knights
Nobles
Who served their noble Lords in exchange for land
Knights
Who owns no land and worked on land owned by nobles or knights
peasants
What was created during the reign of the Normans and consisted of pillars of feudal society
Great councils
What law is built on custom and court decision and was made standard throughout England by Henry the second
Common law
Legal document was signed by king John at Runnymede by English parents who sought to restrict the power of the king and established the principle of limited government in England
Magna Carta
What protects an individual freedom from arbitrary state action and arbitrary and Imprisonment and translates to bring the body
Habeas corpus
What was established in 1215 and was made up of English nobles who advised the king
Parliament
What convened in 1265 at Westminster hall during the reign of Henry the third by the English barons lead by Simon de Montfort to limit the power of the king
Provisions of Oxford or Parliament
What political institution was established by Edward the first in 1295 that became an English legislature
Model Parliament
What words took place from 1296 to 1328 that were led by William Wallace and Robert Bruce to gain freedom from English rule
Wars of Scottish independence
What political document was signed on April 6, 1320 that’s a clear Scotland’s independence and stated for as long as were 100 of us remain alive never will be on any conditions we brought under English roll it is not for glory and riches in her honor is that we are fighting for freedom for that alone which no honest man gives up but with life itself
Declaration of arbroath
Who is the king of England from 1327 to 1377
Edward the third
What English institution by the 14th century consisted of two chambers the house of lords and house of commons and later was used as a model for the United States Congress
English Parliament
What concept place emphasis on reason and celebrated individuality
humanism
What term describes independent countries that have emerged by the 15th century
Nation states
What time means having supreme power or authority
Sovereignty
What is a synonym for sovereign
independence
Who’s power increased during the renaissance
European kings
Which Florentine political philosopher wrote the prince in 1513 and his name has become synonymous with ruthless political expediency
Nicole machiavelli
Which king of England range from 1509 to 1547 and use parliament as an instrument of tyranny and ruled as an absolutist king
Henry the eighth
Which English political philosopher out utopia in 1516 was an advisor to the king and was executed for his opposition to Royal power
Thomas more
What movement in the 16th century challenge the supreme authority of the Catholic Church in Europe and led to the decline of papal political power
Reformation
Which political figures gained more independence through the protestant reformation
Protestant kings
Which French political philosopher wrote the six books of states in 1576 and defended the sovereign rights of monarchy
Jean bodin
Which English political philosopher wrote laws of ecclesiastical polity in 1594 and promoted the idea of natural law and constitutional monarchy
Richard hooker
What political doctor and states that kings to arrive there authority to rule directly from the will of God
Divine right of kings
