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US Government And Constitution Flashcards

1
Q

What was the period in time that philosophers started applying reason to their thoughts?

A

Enlightenment

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2
Q

Who was the Greek philosopher who argued to use reason?

A

Plato

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3
Q

What did the English force king John to sign?

A

Magna Carta

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4
Q

What was the Magna Carta?

A

Granted English citizens certain liberties

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5
Q

Who stated that we needed a strong ruler because life was short, nasty, and brutish?

A

Thomas Hobbes

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6
Q

Who stated that people have natural rights?

A

John Locke

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7
Q

What was the social contract?

A

Ruled agreed to give up some privileges in exchange for protection

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8
Q

Who advocated for civil liberties?

A

Voltair

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9
Q

What are civil liberties?

A

Freedom of religion and speech

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10
Q

Who stated government should have separation of powers?

A

Montesquieu

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11
Q

What is limited government?

A

Government only has the power that the people give to it

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12
Q

What is rule of law?

A

Everyone is subject to the law

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13
Q

What is popular sovereignty?

A

Political power resides with the people

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14
Q

Where is popular sovereignty stated in the constitution?

A

Preamble

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15
Q

What is the separation of powers?

A

Division of powers between the legislative branch, executive branch, and judicial branch

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16
Q

Which article is the legislative branch in?

A

Article I

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17
Q

Which article is he executive branch in?

A

Articles II

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18
Q

Which article is the judicial branch in?

A

Article III

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19
Q

What is federalism?

A

The separation of government between national, state, and local

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20
Q

What are the unenumerated or expressed powers?

A

Powers given directly to the national government

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21
Q

What are powers given to the state called?

A

Reserved powers

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22
Q

What is one part of federalism consist?

A

National government giving money to the states

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23
Q

What were the cash grant-in-aid used for?

A

The militia

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24
Q

What were land grants used for?

A

Construction of canals, railroads, and education

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25
What were other types of grants?
Categorical grants, block grants, and revenue sharing
26
What is checks and balances?
To make sure one branch is not more powerful than another
27
What is an example of checks and balances?
Executive branch of points judges, however in the legislative branch, or more specifically the Senate, has to approve these appointments
28
What is the judicial review?
Interprets the laws
29
Which court case established the judicial review?
Marbury versus Madison
30
What is the habeas corpus?
States a person can only be held for a certain period of time before they are charged with a crime
31
What were some rights to the states before the 10th amendment?
There would be a republican form of government, and uniform rule of taxation, and protection from foreign invasion
32
What are some things that the states are prohibited from?
Corning money, levying taxes on imports and exports, and granting titles of nobility
33
The Declaration of Independence was drafted by whom?
Thomas Jefferson
34
How many colonies signed for the Declaration of Independence?
All 13 colonies
35
What were the ideas that the colonists wanted for a government?
The right to trial by jury in criminal cases, the freedom from quartering of troops, and the right to engage in trade without restrictions
36
What did the colonist find essential rights?
Liberty, life, and property
37
What was the first government of the United States?
Articles of confederation
38
What were problems with the articles of Confederation?
It did not have a judicial system to arbitrate disputes among states, each state only had one vote, it could not tax, and ultimately it had little power at the national level
39
What was one good thing that came out of the articles of Confederation?
Each state retained its sovereignty and independence
40
What was the another fault in the articles of Confederation?
The lack of military strength
41
What showed the lack of military strength?
Shays rebellion in Massachusetts
42
What happened at Shays rebellion?
Daniel Shays led a group of farmers who attempted to prevent the courts from sitting to prevent them from ordering foreclosure on property for failure to pay taxes
43
How long did the constitutional convention last?
May to September of 1787
44
Who attended the constitutional convention?
55 delegates, without Rhode Island
45
Who did not attend the constitutional convention?
Patrick Henry
46
Who stated he smelled a rat in Philadelphia, tending toward monarchy
Patrick Henry
47
Who was the constitution drafted by?
James Madison
48
What was the Virginia plan?
Represented the larger states.
49
What was the New Jersey plan?
Smaller states. 3 branches. One a legislative that have a unicameral legislature based on equality. Multiple executive branch.
50
What was the great compromise?
I combine both the virgina and the New Jersey plan.
51
In order for the constitution to pass how many states had to ratify it?
Nine out of 13
52
What two states did not vote for the constitution?
New York and Virginia
53
The Federalist papers were written by who?
John Jay, Hamilton and Madison
54
What were the anti-federalist worried about?
That it might radius states rights. They fear of the new government would tax too heavily, override state courts, and absorb state functions
55
What's one way an amendment can be proposed?
Requires a 67% vote in both houses of Congress
56
What's the other way an amendment can be proposed?
Buy a national convention called by two thirds of the states
57
How can you ratify an amendment?
75% of the states must approve the amendment, either by a vote in the state legislators or by special state conventions
58
Who was the head of the constitutional convention?
George Washington
59
What is federalism?
Power is divided amongst national, state, and local
60
What is national power is called?
Delegated
61
What are state powers called?
Reserved
62
What are shared powers called?
Concurrent
63
What was the legislature in the great compromise?
The legislative branch had two houses, what the House of Representatives having representation based on population, and an upper house, the Senate, with two senators from each state.
64
Wat was the executive in the great compromise?
The executive branch was chosen indirectly by an elect Oriel College
65
Wat was the houses in the Virginia plan?
Strong nation government with 3 branches of government. One branch was a strong legislature that was supreme and could veto state laws. Bicameral, based on population
66
What was the judicial in the great compromise?
the judicial branch would be chosen by the president/executives
67
What plan wanted to revise the a of c?
New Jersey plan
68
Executive branch in New Jersey plan?
Appointed by congress was very weak
69
Judicial in New Jersey plan?
Appointed by executive
70
Legislative in New Jersey plan?
Unicameral, chosen by state legislature, equal representatives, each state 1 vote
71
Who was forces to sign the Magna Carta?
King John
72
Who wanted a strong ruler?
Hobbes
73
Block grant?
Broader purpose
74
Categorical grant?
narrow purpose
75
Revenue sharing?
Broad purpose and no funds
76
What plan wanted a new constitution?
Virginia
77
Executive in Virginia plan?
Appointed by congress was strong
78
Judicial in Virginia plan?
Appointed by congress
79
Legislative in Virginia plan?
Bicameral based on population
80
Who wanted a separation of church and state?
Voltair
81
Wat does the article of confederation state?
Declare war, raise army and navy, make treaties, business with other countries
82
What was the common desires of the colonists?
Natural rights, ex post facto, republican gov, can't be guilty without trial, uniform taxes, habeas corpus
83
Who wanted a social contract?
Locke
84
What did federalist want?
Constitution
85
Who was the unofficial secretary of convention?
Madison
86
What did the anti federalist fear?
Constitution would make to powerful, wanted bill of rights

US Government And Constitution (1 decks)

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