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US Government And Constitution Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the period in time that philosophers started applying reason to their thoughts?

A

Enlightenment

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2
Q

Who was the Greek philosopher who argued to use reason?

A

Plato

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3
Q

What did the English force king John to sign?

A

Magna Carta

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4
Q

What was the Magna Carta?

A

Granted English citizens certain liberties

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5
Q

Who stated that we needed a strong ruler because life was short, nasty, and brutish?

A

Thomas Hobbes

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6
Q

Who stated that people have natural rights?

A

John Locke

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7
Q

What was the social contract?

A

Ruled agreed to give up some privileges in exchange for protection

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8
Q

Who advocated for civil liberties?

A

Voltair

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9
Q

What are civil liberties?

A

Freedom of religion and speech

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10
Q

Who stated government should have separation of powers?

A

Montesquieu

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11
Q

What is limited government?

A

Government only has the power that the people give to it

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12
Q

What is rule of law?

A

Everyone is subject to the law

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13
Q

What is popular sovereignty?

A

Political power resides with the people

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14
Q

Where is popular sovereignty stated in the constitution?

A

Preamble

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15
Q

What is the separation of powers?

A

Division of powers between the legislative branch, executive branch, and judicial branch

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16
Q

Which article is the legislative branch in?

A

Article I

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17
Q

Which article is he executive branch in?

A

Articles II

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18
Q

Which article is the judicial branch in?

A

Article III

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19
Q

What is federalism?

A

The separation of government between national, state, and local

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20
Q

What are the unenumerated or expressed powers?

A

Powers given directly to the national government

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21
Q

What are powers given to the state called?

A

Reserved powers

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22
Q

What is one part of federalism consist?

A

National government giving money to the states

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23
Q

What were the cash grant-in-aid used for?

A

The militia

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24
Q

What were land grants used for?

A

Construction of canals, railroads, and education

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25
Q

What were other types of grants?

A

Categorical grants, block grants, and revenue sharing

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26
Q

What is checks and balances?

A

To make sure one branch is not more powerful than another

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27
Q

What is an example of checks and balances?

A

Executive branch of points judges, however in the legislative branch, or more specifically the Senate, has to approve these appointments

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28
Q

What is the judicial review?

A

Interprets the laws

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29
Q

Which court case established the judicial review?

A

Marbury versus Madison

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30
Q

What is the habeas corpus?

A

States a person can only be held for a certain period of time before they are charged with a crime

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31
Q

What were some rights to the states before the 10th amendment?

A

There would be a republican form of government, and uniform rule of taxation, and protection from foreign invasion

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32
Q

What are some things that the states are prohibited from?

A

Corning money, levying taxes on imports and exports, and granting titles of nobility

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33
Q

The Declaration of Independence was drafted by whom?

A

Thomas Jefferson

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34
Q

How many colonies signed for the Declaration of Independence?

A

All 13 colonies

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35
Q

What were the ideas that the colonists wanted for a government?

A

The right to trial by jury in criminal cases, the freedom from quartering of troops, and the right to engage in trade without restrictions

36
Q

What did the colonist find essential rights?

A

Liberty, life, and property

37
Q

What was the first government of the United States?

A

Articles of confederation

38
Q

What were problems with the articles of Confederation?

A

It did not have a judicial system to arbitrate disputes among states, each state only had one vote, it could not tax, and ultimately it had little power at the national level

39
Q

What was one good thing that came out of the articles of Confederation?

A

Each state retained its sovereignty and independence

40
Q

What was the another fault in the articles of Confederation?

A

The lack of military strength

41
Q

What showed the lack of military strength?

A

Shays rebellion in Massachusetts

42
Q

What happened at Shays rebellion?

A

Daniel Shays led a group of farmers who attempted to prevent the courts from sitting to prevent them from ordering foreclosure on property for failure to pay taxes

43
Q

How long did the constitutional convention last?

A

May to September of 1787

44
Q

Who attended the constitutional convention?

A

55 delegates, without Rhode Island

45
Q

Who did not attend the constitutional convention?

A

Patrick Henry

46
Q

Who stated he smelled a rat in Philadelphia, tending toward monarchy

A

Patrick Henry

47
Q

Who was the constitution drafted by?

A

James Madison

48
Q

What was the Virginia plan?

A

Represented the larger states.

49
Q

What was the New Jersey plan?

A

Smaller states. 3 branches. One a legislative that have a unicameral legislature based on equality. Multiple executive branch.

50
Q

What was the great compromise?

A

I combine both the virgina and the New Jersey plan.

51
Q

In order for the constitution to pass how many states had to ratify it?

A

Nine out of 13

52
Q

What two states did not vote for the constitution?

A

New York and Virginia

53
Q

The Federalist papers were written by who?

A

John Jay, Hamilton and Madison

54
Q

What were the anti-federalist worried about?

A

That it might radius states rights. They fear of the new government would tax too heavily, override state courts, and absorb state functions

55
Q

What’s one way an amendment can be proposed?

A

Requires a 67% vote in both houses of Congress

56
Q

What’s the other way an amendment can be proposed?

A

Buy a national convention called by two thirds of the states

57
Q

How can you ratify an amendment?

A

75% of the states must approve the amendment, either by a vote in the state legislators or by special state conventions

58
Q

Who was the head of the constitutional convention?

A

George Washington

59
Q

What is federalism?

A

Power is divided amongst national, state, and local

60
Q

What is national power is called?

A

Delegated

61
Q

What are state powers called?

A

Reserved

62
Q

What are shared powers called?

A

Concurrent

63
Q

What was the legislature in the great compromise?

A

The legislative branch had two houses, what the House of Representatives having representation based on population, and an upper house, the Senate, with two senators from each state.

64
Q

Wat was the executive in the great compromise?

A

The executive branch was chosen indirectly by an elect Oriel College

65
Q

Wat was the houses in the Virginia plan?

A

Strong nation government with 3 branches of government. One branch was a strong legislature that was supreme and could veto state laws. Bicameral, based on population

66
Q

What was the judicial in the great compromise?

A

the judicial branch would be chosen by the president/executives

67
Q

What plan wanted to revise the a of c?

A

New Jersey plan

68
Q

Executive branch in New Jersey plan?

A

Appointed by congress was very weak

69
Q

Judicial in New Jersey plan?

A

Appointed by executive

70
Q

Legislative in New Jersey plan?

A

Unicameral, chosen by state legislature, equal representatives, each state 1 vote

71
Q

Who was forces to sign the Magna Carta?

A

King John

72
Q

Who wanted a strong ruler?

A

Hobbes

73
Q

Block grant?

A

Broader purpose

74
Q

Categorical grant?

A

narrow purpose

75
Q

Revenue sharing?

A

Broad purpose and no funds

76
Q

What plan wanted a new constitution?

A

Virginia

77
Q

Executive in Virginia plan?

A

Appointed by congress was strong

78
Q

Judicial in Virginia plan?

A

Appointed by congress

79
Q

Legislative in Virginia plan?

A

Bicameral based on population

80
Q

Who wanted a separation of church and state?

A

Voltair

81
Q

Wat does the article of confederation state?

A

Declare war, raise army and navy, make treaties, business with other countries

82
Q

What was the common desires of the colonists?

A

Natural rights, ex post facto, republican gov, can’t be guilty without trial, uniform taxes, habeas corpus

83
Q

Who wanted a social contract?

A

Locke

84
Q

What did federalist want?

A

Constitution

85
Q

Who was the unofficial secretary of convention?

A

Madison

86
Q

What did the anti federalist fear?

A

Constitution would make to powerful, wanted bill of rights

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